李建高
英語中的名詞指一種抽象或具體的事物,有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之分。
[可數(shù)名詞]
可數(shù)名詞指的是在數(shù)量上可以計數(shù),數(shù)出數(shù)量的名詞。
可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表泛指時,前面要有不定冠詞a/an,如:a map, an apple等。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則如下:
[不可數(shù)名詞]
不可數(shù)名詞指的是不能以數(shù)目來計算,不可以分割成個體的表示概念、狀態(tài)、感情或物質(zhì)材料的名詞,如:paper, air, milk, money等。
不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,其前也不能用a/an或其他具體的數(shù)詞來修飾。
不可數(shù)名詞的量一般用some, much, a lot of, lots of, a bit of, a little, little等表示,如:some meat, a lot of money, a little water等。
不可數(shù)名詞的量還可以用適當(dāng)?shù)牧吭~作單位來表示,結(jié)構(gòu)為“數(shù)詞+量詞+of +不可數(shù)名詞”,其單復(fù)數(shù)變化就體現(xiàn)在量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)上。如:a glass of milk, two glasses of milk等。
[可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語]
可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致;不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)形式。如:
The picture is very beautiful. 這幅畫很漂亮。
These pictures are very beautiful. 這些畫很漂亮。
The beef is delicious. 牛肉很好吃。
[對可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問]
對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問時,用how many;對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問時,用how much。
[例題解析]
1. Hurry up! Some______and______are on sale in the supermarket.
A. tomato; egg B. tomatoes; egg
C. tomatoes; eggs D. tomato; eggs
【答案與解析】C. tomato是可數(shù)名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為tomatoes;egg也是可數(shù)名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為eggs。
2. —What else do we need to make cold beef?
—______.
A. Two spoons salt B. Two spoons of salts
C. Two spoons of salt
【答案與解析】C. salt是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,其具體數(shù)量可以用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”來表示,數(shù)詞大于1時,量詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
3. I’m not hungry because I have just had much______.
A. bread B. pears C. eggs
【答案與解析】A. much修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其后空白處應(yīng)填不可數(shù)名詞,顯然,供選項中bread意為“面包”,是不可數(shù)名詞。
[學(xué)以致用]
用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. These ______ (strawberry)taste good. I’d like to buy some more.
2. Susan added some ______ (honey)to my juice.
3. Chinese people often eat ______ (dumpling)during the Spring Festival.
4. She likes ______ (chicken)in a sandwich, but she dislike ______ (tomato)in it.
5. My brother had a few ______ (piece)of pie for supper yesterday.
參考答案
1. strawberries 2. honey 3. dumplings 4. chicken; tomatoes 5. pieces