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過去時間表達法要點回放

2020-11-02 02:45:20王淑平
考試與評價·高一版 2020年3期
關鍵詞:主句時態(tài)謂語

王淑平

要點歸納

要點1:表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),要用一般過去時,此時常與just now, yesterday, last year等表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也可與today, this week, this month, this year等表示現(xiàn)階段的時間狀語連用。用一般過去時的時候,表示“過多少時間之后”一般用after,不用in。例如:

She suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天她突然病了。

Did you see him today? 今天你見到他了嗎?

The day after, he came back to see me. 次日,他回來看我。

要點2: 表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動作時,要用一般過去時。這種情況下,往往沒有表示過去的時間狀語,而是通過上下文來表示。例如:

The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died. 那個男孩把眼睛張開了一會兒,看看船長,然后就去世了。

Tom was late. He opened the door quietly, moved in and walked carefully to his seat. 湯姆來晚了。他悄悄打開門進去,小心翼翼地走到自己的座位上。

要點3:表示過去一段時間內經?;蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作,要用一般過去時,此時常與always, never, usually, sometimes, often等詞連用。例如:

Mrs Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。

要點4:如果強調已經終止的習慣時要用used to do。例如:

I used to take a walk in the morning. 我過去總是在早晨散步。(意味著現(xiàn)在不再早晨散步了)

I took a walk in the morning. 我曾經在早晨散過步。(只是說明過去這一動作)

要點5:有些句子中雖然沒有表示過去確定時間的狀語,但實際上是指過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也要用一般過去時。例如:

I thought you were ill. 我以為你病了。

要點6: 在條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中要用一般過去時代替過去將來時。例如:

They said they would let me know as soon as they got there. 他們說只要他們一到那兒就會馬上告訴我的。

He said he would not go if it rained. 他說如果下雨他就不去。

要點7: 在由if引導的條件句中,表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況,用一般過去時。例如:

If I were you, I would study at Oxford University. 如果我是你,我就會在牛津大學學習了。(表示與現(xiàn)在的事實相反)

要點8: 談到已故的人時,多用一般過去時。例如:

Deng Xiaoping was a great man. 鄧小平是個偉大的人。

要點9: 在間接引語中,如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時,從句的動詞也要用過去時態(tài)。例如:

Tom said that he didn't know the girl in that car. 湯姆說他不認識車里的那個女孩。

Lisa told me that she wouldn't apologise to him. 麗莎告訴我她是不會向他道歉的。

要點10:在由since引導的從句中,通常用一般過去時。例如:

It's three years since he went abroad. 他出國三年了。

要點11: 一般過去時和過去進行時的區(qū)別

(1) 過去進行時往往表示動作的未完成性,而一般過去時往往表示動作已完成。例如:

David wrote a letter to his father last night. 大衛(wèi)昨晚給他父親寫了一封信。(表示信已寫完)

David was writing a letter to his father last night.? 大衛(wèi)昨晚正在給他父親寫信。(表示正在寫信的過程中,不知道是否寫完)

(2) 過去進行時和always連用,表示贊揚、感嘆、厭惡等感情色彩;而一般過去時和always連用,表示經?;蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。例如:

He was always changing his mind. 他總是變化無常。(表示厭惡)

He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他總是乘坐公共汽車上班。(表示經常性的動作)

(3) 一般說來,過去進行時側重動作持續(xù)時間的長度;而一般過去時只說明過去某時發(fā)生某事,側重說明事實。例如:

It was raining heavily last night. 昨晚下著大雨。(側重說明下雨持續(xù)的時間長)

It rained heavily last night.? 昨晚下了大雨。(側重說明下雨這一事實)

(4) 句中有all night, the whole morning等強調時間長度的狀語時,謂語動詞用過去進行時更好些。例如:

He was working all night last Monday. 上周一他整整工作了一個晚上。

(5) 在when引導的時間狀語從句中,當when相當于while時,用一般過去時與過去進行時差異不大。例如:

I saw John when / while I walked / was walking to the station. 我步行去火車站時看見了約翰。

但當when引導的從句中的謂語動詞為一般過去時時,其主句用一般過去時或過去進行時會引起時間關系的變化。例如:

When we arrived, she was making some fresh coffee. 我們到達時,她在調制咖啡。(從句動作發(fā)生時,主句動作正在進行)

When we arrived, she made some fresh coffee. 我們到達時,她調制了咖啡。(從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前)

(6) 有些表示狀態(tài)、感覺、心理或情感的動詞, 如be, have, see, hear, know, think, believe, understand等,一般不用過去進行時,而用一般過去時。例如:

I had a lot of work to do yesterday. 昨天我有許多工作要做。

鞏固練習

I. 根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。

1. 你剛才去哪兒了?

Where ______________ just now?

2. 她早早起床,提水,打掃房間,然后出去散步。

She got up early, ______________.

3. 孩提時,我經常在街上踢足球。

When I was a child, ________________ __

in the street.

4. 他年輕時每年冬天都去滑冰。

When he was young, ______________ every winter.

5. 我從鄉(xiāng)下回來已經一年多了。

It's been over a year __________________.

6. 今天他又遲到了。

He ______________________ again today.

II. 用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)完成短文。

Hello, my name's Art. I'm 74 years old and I live in a retirement community with my wife now. I (1)______ (retire) about twelve years ago from the bicycle business. I (2)______ (be) in the bicycle business for thirty-five years. Twenty of the thirty-five years I (3)______ (run) my own business. After I (4)______ (decide) to sell my business, I (5)______ (become) a draftsman. I (6)______ (work) as a draftsman for five years and then I (7)______ (retire). The retirement community I (8)______ (live) in requires you to be forty-eight years old or older. There (9)______ (be) about 800 old people living here. In the community I engage in many activities, such as oil painting, water colour painting, and stain glass projects. My major activity, however, is golf. Weather permitting, I (10)______ (play) with my friends every day. We have a golf course in the community, and since I play more often than I used to before retired, my game has improved a lot.

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