王淑平
要點歸納
要點1:表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),要用一般過去時,此時常與just now, yesterday, last year等表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也可與today, this week, this month, this year等表示現(xiàn)階段的時間狀語連用。用一般過去時的時候,表示“過多少時間之后”一般用after,不用in。例如:
She suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天她突然病了。
Did you see him today? 今天你見到他了嗎?
The day after, he came back to see me. 次日,他回來看我。
要點2: 表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動作時,要用一般過去時。這種情況下,往往沒有表示過去的時間狀語,而是通過上下文來表示。例如:
The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died. 那個男孩把眼睛張開了一會兒,看看船長,然后就去世了。
Tom was late. He opened the door quietly, moved in and walked carefully to his seat. 湯姆來晚了。他悄悄打開門進去,小心翼翼地走到自己的座位上。
要點3:表示過去一段時間內經?;蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作,要用一般過去時,此時常與always, never, usually, sometimes, often等詞連用。例如:
Mrs Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。
要點4:如果強調已經終止的習慣時要用used to do。例如:
I used to take a walk in the morning. 我過去總是在早晨散步。(意味著現(xiàn)在不再早晨散步了)
I took a walk in the morning. 我曾經在早晨散過步。(只是說明過去這一動作)
要點5:有些句子中雖然沒有表示過去確定時間的狀語,但實際上是指過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也要用一般過去時。例如:
I thought you were ill. 我以為你病了。
要點6: 在條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中要用一般過去時代替過去將來時。例如:
They said they would let me know as soon as they got there. 他們說只要他們一到那兒就會馬上告訴我的。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他說如果下雨他就不去。
要點7: 在由if引導的條件句中,表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況,用一般過去時。例如:
If I were you, I would study at Oxford University. 如果我是你,我就會在牛津大學學習了。(表示與現(xiàn)在的事實相反)
要點8: 談到已故的人時,多用一般過去時。例如:
Deng Xiaoping was a great man. 鄧小平是個偉大的人。
要點9: 在間接引語中,如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時,從句的動詞也要用過去時態(tài)。例如:
Tom said that he didn't know the girl in that car. 湯姆說他不認識車里的那個女孩。
Lisa told me that she wouldn't apologise to him. 麗莎告訴我她是不會向他道歉的。
要點10:在由since引導的從句中,通常用一般過去時。例如:
It's three years since he went abroad. 他出國三年了。
要點11: 一般過去時和過去進行時的區(qū)別
(1) 過去進行時往往表示動作的未完成性,而一般過去時往往表示動作已完成。例如:
David wrote a letter to his father last night. 大衛(wèi)昨晚給他父親寫了一封信。(表示信已寫完)
David was writing a letter to his father last night.? 大衛(wèi)昨晚正在給他父親寫信。(表示正在寫信的過程中,不知道是否寫完)
(2) 過去進行時和always連用,表示贊揚、感嘆、厭惡等感情色彩;而一般過去時和always連用,表示經?;蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。例如:
He was always changing his mind. 他總是變化無常。(表示厭惡)
He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他總是乘坐公共汽車上班。(表示經常性的動作)
(3) 一般說來,過去進行時側重動作持續(xù)時間的長度;而一般過去時只說明過去某時發(fā)生某事,側重說明事實。例如:
It was raining heavily last night. 昨晚下著大雨。(側重說明下雨持續(xù)的時間長)
It rained heavily last night.? 昨晚下了大雨。(側重說明下雨這一事實)
(4) 句中有all night, the whole morning等強調時間長度的狀語時,謂語動詞用過去進行時更好些。例如:
He was working all night last Monday. 上周一他整整工作了一個晚上。
(5) 在when引導的時間狀語從句中,當when相當于while時,用一般過去時與過去進行時差異不大。例如:
I saw John when / while I walked / was walking to the station. 我步行去火車站時看見了約翰。
但當when引導的從句中的謂語動詞為一般過去時時,其主句用一般過去時或過去進行時會引起時間關系的變化。例如:
When we arrived, she was making some fresh coffee. 我們到達時,她在調制咖啡。(從句動作發(fā)生時,主句動作正在進行)
When we arrived, she made some fresh coffee. 我們到達時,她調制了咖啡。(從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前)
(6) 有些表示狀態(tài)、感覺、心理或情感的動詞, 如be, have, see, hear, know, think, believe, understand等,一般不用過去進行時,而用一般過去時。例如:
I had a lot of work to do yesterday. 昨天我有許多工作要做。
鞏固練習
I. 根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。
1. 你剛才去哪兒了?
Where ______________ just now?
2. 她早早起床,提水,打掃房間,然后出去散步。
She got up early, ______________.
3. 孩提時,我經常在街上踢足球。
When I was a child, ________________ __
in the street.
4. 他年輕時每年冬天都去滑冰。
When he was young, ______________ every winter.
5. 我從鄉(xiāng)下回來已經一年多了。
It's been over a year __________________.
6. 今天他又遲到了。
He ______________________ again today.
II. 用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)完成短文。
Hello, my name's Art. I'm 74 years old and I live in a retirement community with my wife now. I (1)______ (retire) about twelve years ago from the bicycle business. I (2)______ (be) in the bicycle business for thirty-five years. Twenty of the thirty-five years I (3)______ (run) my own business. After I (4)______ (decide) to sell my business, I (5)______ (become) a draftsman. I (6)______ (work) as a draftsman for five years and then I (7)______ (retire). The retirement community I (8)______ (live) in requires you to be forty-eight years old or older. There (9)______ (be) about 800 old people living here. In the community I engage in many activities, such as oil painting, water colour painting, and stain glass projects. My major activity, however, is golf. Weather permitting, I (10)______ (play) with my friends every day. We have a golf course in the community, and since I play more often than I used to before retired, my game has improved a lot.