龍廣麗 牟騰慧 劉洋 饒永超 楊德鳳 譚光輝 林家棟 傅筑蔭 張福平
摘要:【目的】明確貴州地方白羽雞種肌肉生長(zhǎng)抑制素(MSTN)基因的多態(tài)性,篩選出改良白羽雞肉質(zhì)品質(zhì)的分子遺傳標(biāo)記,為選擇培育優(yōu)良肉質(zhì)雞種提供參考依據(jù)?!痉椒ā恳耘d義矮腳雞白羽品系、羅曼蛋雞及興義矮腳雞白羽品系與羅曼蛋雞雜交的自交后代(F2)為研究對(duì)象,提取3個(gè)雞種的血液基因組DNA構(gòu)建DNA混合池,PCR擴(kuò)增MSTN基因全部外顯子序列,直接測(cè)序篩選SNP位點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行生物信息學(xué)分析,探究SNP位點(diǎn)突變對(duì)MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)及編碼蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的影響?!窘Y(jié)果】在雞MSTN基因第1外顯子(Exon-1)篩查到6個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn),分別為G51A、A60G、G195C、A234G、C297T和C324T,且6個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)均為同義突變。在A234G位點(diǎn)處檢測(cè)到興義矮腳雞白羽系和F2代存在多態(tài)性,但羅曼蛋雞未發(fā)生變異;在C297T位點(diǎn)處檢測(cè)到羅曼蛋雞存在多態(tài)性,以C為優(yōu)勢(shì)等位基因,而興義矮腳雞白羽品系和F2代均未發(fā)生變異;G51A、G60A、G159C和C324T等4個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)在3個(gè)雞種中均存在多態(tài)性。A234G位點(diǎn)突變對(duì)雞MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性無影響,G51A位點(diǎn)突變致使MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)最小自由能降低但未改變其構(gòu)象,A60G、G195C、C297T和C324T等4個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)突變均引起MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和最小自由能的改變。雞MSTN基因編碼蛋白為不穩(wěn)定的脂溶性蛋白,存在信號(hào)肽,但不存在跨膜區(qū)域,其二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)由無規(guī)則卷曲、β-折疊和α-螺旋組成,且以無規(guī)則卷曲占比最高?!窘Y(jié)論】MSTN基因在貴州地方白羽雞種中的多態(tài)性較豐富,其中A60G、G195C、C297T和C324T等4個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)突變會(huì)導(dǎo)致基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)象發(fā)生改變,可作為改良白羽雞肉質(zhì)品質(zhì)的分子遺傳標(biāo)記進(jìn)一步研究。
關(guān)鍵詞: 貴州地方白羽雞種;MSTN基因;肉質(zhì)性狀;SNP位點(diǎn);多態(tài)性;生物信息學(xué)
中圖分類號(hào): S831.89? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A 文章編號(hào):2095-1191(2020)08-1840-09
Rapid screening and protein function prediction of MSTN gene SNP sites in Guizhou local chicken breeds
LONG Guang-li1,2,3, MOU Teng-hui1,2,3, LIU Yang1,2,3, RAO Yong-chao1,2,3,
YANG De-feng1,2,3, TAN Guang-hui1,2, LIN Jia-dong1,2, FU Zhu-yin2,3,
ZHANG Fu-ping1,2,3*
(1College of Animal Science, Guizhou University/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in Guizhou, Guiyang? 550025, China; 2Institute of Poultry, Guizhou University, Guiyang? 550025, China;
3Scientific Research Chicken Farm of Guizhou University, Guiyang? 550025, China)
Abstract:【Objective】To identify the polymorphism of the myostatin (MSTN) gene of Guizhou local white feather chicken breeds, screen out ideal molecular genetic markers which could improve the meat quality of white feather chi-ckens, and provide a reference for selecting and breeding excellent broiler chicken breeds. 【Method】Taking Xingyi bantam white feather line, Roman laying chicken and self-progeny(F2) of cross between Xingyi bantam white feather line and Roman laying chicken as the research object, the blood genomic DNA of three chicken breeds was extracted to construct a DNA mixing pool. The PCR amplification of all exon sequences of MSTN gene was directly sequenced and screened. Then the SNP sites were bioinformatically analyzed to explore the impact of SNP site mutations on the se-condary structure of MSTN gene mRNA and the structure and function of the encoded protein. 【Result】Six SNPs sites were screened in the first exon(Exon-1) of the chicken MSTN gene, which were G51A, A60G, G195C, A234G, C297T and C324T, and the six SNPs sites were all synonymous mutations. At the A234G locus, polymorphisms were detected in the Xingyi bantam white feather line and F2 generation, but no mutations occurred in the Roman laying chickens; polymorphisms were detected in the Roman laying chickens at the C297T locus, with C as the dominant position. There were no mutations in Xingyi bantam white feather line and F2 generation. At four SNPs, including G51A, G60A, G159C and C324T, polymorphisms were all detected in three chicken breeds. A234G site mutation had no effect on the stability of the secondary structure of chicken MSTN gene mRNA. G51A site mutation reduced the minimum free energy of mRNA secon-dary structure but did not change its conformation. Four SNPs site mutations including A60G, G195C, C297T and C324T caused changes in the secondary structure and minimum free energy of MSTN gene mRNA. The chicken MSTN gene encoding protein was an unstable fat-soluble protein with a signal peptide but no transmembrane regions. Its secondary structure consisted of random coils, β-fold and α-helixes, with random coils accounting for the highest proportion. 【Conclusion】The MSTN gene has abundant polymorphisms in Guizhou local white feather chicken breeds. Among them, four SNPs mutations such as A60G, G195C, C297T and C324T cause changes in the conformation of the gene mRNA secondary structure, which can be used to do further studies as molecular genetic markers improving the quality of white feather chicken.
Key words: Guizhou local white feather chicken breeds; MSTN gene; meat quality traits; SNP site; polymorphism; bioinformatics
Foundation item: Guizhou Science and Technology Planning Project(QKHZC〔2016〕2507)
0 引言
【研究意義】興義矮腳雞白羽系主產(chǎn)于貴州黔西南州興義市,其脛短身矮、體軀勻稱、全身羽毛白色,為隱性白羽雞,在生產(chǎn)性能和肉質(zhì)方面具有許多優(yōu)良特性,但產(chǎn)蛋性能不高(朱麗莉等,2011;李林洪,2019)。羅曼蛋雞的產(chǎn)蛋率高,蛋品質(zhì)優(yōu)良(劉雅正,2014),但至今針對(duì)其肉質(zhì)方面的相關(guān)研究甚少。優(yōu)勢(shì)雜交可顯著提高畜禽的生產(chǎn)性能和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益(王芬和王鵬,2009),目前國內(nèi)隱性白羽雞在雜交育種中主要用作母本(李俊英,2005)。選用興義矮腳雞白羽系作為配套母本與羅曼蛋雞雜交,其后代具有較高的生產(chǎn)性能,但在生產(chǎn)性能改良過程中興義矮腳雞白羽系雜交后代的體型發(fā)生明顯變化,因此,亟待篩選出白羽雞肉質(zhì)品質(zhì)的理想分子遺傳標(biāo)記,在不改變地方雞種優(yōu)質(zhì)性能的前提下有效提高白羽雞的產(chǎn)肉性能?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】肌肉生長(zhǎng)抑制素(Myostatin,MSTN)又稱為生長(zhǎng)分化因子8(Growth differentiation factor-8,GDF-8),可抑制成肌細(xì)胞的活化、增殖和分化(McFarland et al.,2007)。MSTN基因是轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β(TGF-β)超家族成員之一,其特異性表達(dá)于畜禽肌肉組織中(McPherron et al.,1997)。MSTN基因作為胞外信號(hào)分子能與成肌細(xì)胞膜上的受體結(jié)合而引起受體自身磷酸化,啟動(dòng)細(xì)胞內(nèi)一系列信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)途徑,作用于生肌決定因子靶基因的調(diào)控區(qū),調(diào)節(jié)肌肉組成蛋白基因表達(dá),進(jìn)而對(duì)骨骼肌的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育起負(fù)調(diào)控作用(Lee,2004;Grade et al.,2009;趙義龍等,2017)。MSTN基因突變或缺失可使家畜表現(xiàn)出肌肉超級(jí)發(fā)達(dá)的雙肌性狀(鄭云,2007;楊永生等,2012;趙振華等,2015),在負(fù)向調(diào)控肌細(xì)胞的過程中若MSTN活性喪失或減弱,則無法正常調(diào)節(jié)肌纖維沉積,導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物肌肉過度發(fā)育(Grobet et al.,1997;Bellinge et al.,2005;張賢嫻等,2018)。近年來的相關(guān)研究顯示,MSTN基因作為畜禽生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及肉用性狀相關(guān)的候選基因,其在胚胎發(fā)育過程中的免疫中和作用可促進(jìn)肌肉生長(zhǎng)(Kim et al.,2006),同時(shí)參與脂肪代謝過程,抑制脂肪形成(Guo et al.,2008),進(jìn)而調(diào)節(jié)動(dòng)物肌肉與脂肪的比例,在改善畜禽肉質(zhì)方面具有極高的研究?jī)r(jià)值(曹婷等,2017)。Fontanesi等(2011)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)家兔MSTN基因SNP位點(diǎn)突變與其肝臟和胴體量相關(guān);Xu等(2013)研究表明北京鴨MSTN基因多態(tài)性與其胸肌肌肉厚度顯著相關(guān);Zhang等(2015)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MSTN基因c.234G>A突變位點(diǎn)可作為輔助育種分子標(biāo)記,以提高雞的繁殖效率;Mitrofanova等(2017)在分析雞MSTN基因SNP多態(tài)性時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),AA基因型個(gè)體的活重明顯高于其他基因型個(gè)體。可見,MSTN基因是繁育優(yōu)良肉質(zhì)雞種的一個(gè)重要候選基因。【本研究切入點(diǎn)】雞MSTN基因全長(zhǎng)5493 bp,包含3個(gè)外顯子(劉雪穎,2008),但至今有關(guān)白羽雞MSTN基因多態(tài)性及其蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)的研究鮮見報(bào)道。【擬解決的關(guān)鍵問題】以興義矮腳雞白羽品系、羅曼蛋雞及興義矮腳雞白羽品系與羅曼蛋雞雜交的自交后代(F2)為研究對(duì)象,構(gòu)建DNA混合池,PCR擴(kuò)增MSTN基因全部外顯子序列,直接測(cè)序篩選SNP位點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行生物信息學(xué)分析,明確SNP位點(diǎn)突變對(duì)MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)及編碼蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的影響,旨在篩選出改良白羽雞肉質(zhì)性狀的分子遺傳標(biāo)記,為選擇培育優(yōu)良肉質(zhì)雞種提供參考依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1. 1 試驗(yàn)材料
興義矮腳雞白羽品系(B)、羅曼蛋雞(L)及F2代各60份血液樣品,均采自貴州大學(xué)科研雞場(chǎng),所有血液樣品均置于肝素鈉抗凝真空采血管中,-20 ℃保存?zhèn)溆谩Q夯蚪MDNA提取試劑盒、GoldView核酸染料、DL2000 DNA Marker和2×Taq Master Mix均購自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;TBE緩沖液、雙蒸水和瓊脂糖等試劑購自上海鼎國生物技術(shù)有限公司。
1. 2 基因組DNA提取
利用血液基因組DNA提取試劑盒提取血液樣品基因組DNA,以1.0%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測(cè)提取效果,用紫外分光光度計(jì)測(cè)量各DNA樣品濃度,測(cè)量3次取平均值,并將所有DNA樣品濃度調(diào)至100 ng/μL,各取10.0 μL構(gòu)建不同雞種的DNA混合池。
1. 3 引物設(shè)計(jì)及PCR擴(kuò)增
根據(jù)GenBank已公布的雞MSTN基因序列(登錄號(hào)NC_006094.5),運(yùn)用Primer Premier 5.0設(shè)計(jì)引物(表1),并委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。PCR反應(yīng)體系25.0 μL:2×Taq Master Mix 12.5 μL,上、下游引物各1.0 μL,DNA模板1.0 μL,雙蒸水9.5 μL。擴(kuò)增程序:94 ℃預(yù)變性3 min;94 ℃ 30 s,60 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s,進(jìn)行35個(gè)循環(huán);72 ℃延伸10 min,4 ℃保存。PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物用1.0%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。
1. 4 序列校對(duì)及等位基因頻率估算
利用DNASTAR中的MegAlign和EditSeq程序結(jié)合測(cè)序峰圖,拼接得到白羽雞種MSTN基因編碼區(qū)(CDS)序列,然后與GenBank已公布的雞MSTN基因CDS序列進(jìn)行比對(duì),鑒定篩選出SNP位點(diǎn)。運(yùn)用SeqMan分析測(cè)序峰圖,采用MWSnap v3.00.74中的標(biāo)尺測(cè)量各SNP位點(diǎn)等位基因的相應(yīng)峰高,并按照崔建勛等(2005)、祖盤玉等(2019)的方法估算等位基因頻率。
fi=hi/(h1+h2)
式中,fi表示SNP位點(diǎn)某等位基因頻率,h1和h2分別表示測(cè)序峰圖某等位基因1峰和2峰的高度。
1. 5 生物信息學(xué)分析
參照翁吉梅等(2018)的研究方法對(duì)3個(gè)雞種的MSTN基因進(jìn)行生物信息學(xué)分析。采用RNAfold和RNA structure預(yù)測(cè)不同SNP位點(diǎn)及其突變前后對(duì)MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,并以PredictProtein預(yù)測(cè)SNP位點(diǎn)突變前后的MSTN蛋白二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2. 1 PCR擴(kuò)增結(jié)果
PCR擴(kuò)增得到雞MSTN基因的全部外顯子序列(Exon-1、Exon-2和Exon-3),經(jīng)1.0%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測(cè)顯示,電泳條帶單一、明亮清晰,無拖帶等現(xiàn)象,說明擴(kuò)增效果良好,且片段大小與預(yù)期結(jié)果相符。圖1為雞MSTN基因Exon-1的PCR擴(kuò)增電泳檢測(cè)結(jié)果。
2. 2 測(cè)序分析結(jié)果
以雞MSTN基因(登錄號(hào)NC_006094.5)為參考序列,采用DNA混合池(每個(gè)品種60份血液樣品,各取1.0 μL)結(jié)合PCR直接測(cè)序法對(duì)雞MSTN基因外顯子序列上的SNP位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行鑒定,再運(yùn)用DNASTAR等在線軟件對(duì)所得序列進(jìn)行比對(duì)分析,結(jié)果在雞MSTN基因Exon-1上篩查到6個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)(圖2),分別是G51A、A60G、G195C、A234G、C297T和C324T,且6個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)均為同義突變。
2. 3 等位基因頻率估算結(jié)果
利用MWSnap v3.00.74中的標(biāo)尺測(cè)量不同雞種MSTN基因6個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)的等位基因峰值,并估算等位基因頻率,結(jié)果(表2)顯示,在A234G位點(diǎn)處檢測(cè)到興義矮腳雞白羽系和F2代存在多態(tài)性,但羅曼蛋雞未發(fā)生變異;在G159C位點(diǎn)處檢測(cè)到羅曼蛋雞的G和C基因頻率差異不明顯,而在興義矮腳雞白羽系和F2代均以G為優(yōu)勢(shì)等位基因;在C297T位點(diǎn)處檢測(cè)到羅曼蛋雞存在多態(tài)性,以C為優(yōu)勢(shì)等位基因,而興義矮腳雞白羽品系和F2代均未發(fā)生變異。G51A、A60G、G159C和C324T等4個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)在3個(gè)雞種中均存在多態(tài)性。
2. 4 生物信息學(xué)分析結(jié)果
2. 4. 1 mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測(cè)分析結(jié)果 采用RNAfold預(yù)測(cè)不同雞種MSTN基因SNP位點(diǎn)突變前后各基因型的mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)果如圖3所示。A234G位點(diǎn)突變未引起MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)象及最小自由能的改變,即對(duì)其穩(wěn)定性無影響;A60G、G195C和C297T位點(diǎn)突變致使MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的最小自由能分別增加至-282.90、 -281.90和-281.20 kcal/mol,結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性降低;而G51A和C324T位點(diǎn)突變致使MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的最小自由能分別降低為-284.30和-286.10 kcal/mol,結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性增強(qiáng)。此外,A60G、G195C、C297T和C324T位點(diǎn)突變會(huì)導(dǎo)致MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)象發(fā)生改變,但G51A和A234G位點(diǎn)突變未改變MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)象。
2. 4. 2 MSTN蛋白理化性質(zhì)預(yù)測(cè)分析結(jié)果 ProtParam預(yù)測(cè)分析結(jié)果表明,雞MSTN蛋白由375個(gè)氨基酸殘基構(gòu)成,其相對(duì)分子量為42707.04 Da,總原子數(shù)為5983,分子式為C1903H2986N510O562S22,理論等電點(diǎn)(pI)為6.93,正、負(fù)電荷氨基酸殘基均有46個(gè)。在含有的常見20種氨基酸中,所占比例最高的是亮氨酸(Leu),占總氨基酸的8.0%;所占比例最低的是組氨酸(His),占1.3%;無吡咯賴氨酸(Pyl)和硒半胱氨酸(Sec)。雞MSTN蛋白不穩(wěn)定系數(shù)為43.68,屬于不穩(wěn)定性蛋白;其平均親水性為(-0.392),屬于脂溶性蛋白。
2. 4. 3 信號(hào)肽預(yù)測(cè)分析結(jié)果 采用SignalP 4.0對(duì)雞MSTN蛋白信號(hào)肽進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),結(jié)果(圖4)表明,C分值為0.124,Y分值為0.260,S分值為0.560(若S分值平均值高于0.500,則為分泌蛋白,且存在信號(hào)肽),說明雞MSTN蛋白存在信號(hào)肽,屬于分泌蛋白。
2. 4. 4 MSTN蛋白跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果 以TMHMM 2.0預(yù)測(cè)分析雞MSTN蛋白跨膜結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)組成MSTN蛋白的375個(gè)氨基酸殘基均在膜外(圖5),不存在跨膜區(qū)域。
2. 4. 5 MSTN蛋白亞細(xì)胞定位分析結(jié)果 PSORT II Prediction的蛋白亞細(xì)胞定位結(jié)果表明,雞MSTN蛋白在細(xì)胞質(zhì)(47.8%)、細(xì)胞核(21.7%)、細(xì)胞膜(13.0%)和細(xì)胞骨架(4.3%)中發(fā)揮生物學(xué)作用。
2. 4. 6 MSTN蛋白二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)分析結(jié)果 SOPMA預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果表明,在雞MSTN蛋白二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中所占比例最高的是無規(guī)則卷曲(圖6),屬于混合型蛋白。其中,α-螺旋主要形成于第2~18、40~42、46~63、74~79、86~96、111~112、209~217、290~293和327~328位氨基酸殘基;β-折疊在第115~120、136~141、150~153、155~160、169~179、187~195、203~207、225~231、238~240、252~257、280~289、296~299、304~305、307~311、325~326、343~345、349~353、359~364和368~371位氨基酸殘基處分布較多;無規(guī)則卷曲則在第1~2、19~39、43~45、64~73、80~85、97~110、113~114、121~135、142~149、154、161~168、180~186、196~202、208、218~224、232~237、241~251、258~279、294~295、300~303、306、312~324、329~342、346~348、354~358、365~367和372~375位氨基酸殘基處分布較多。
3 討論
在雞的肌肉發(fā)生、生長(zhǎng)和發(fā)育過程中,MSTN基因發(fā)揮著重要作用,其CDS序列具有豐富多態(tài)性,對(duì)雞的生長(zhǎng)性狀有顯著影響(Dushyanth et al.,2016)。張冉和林浴霜(2012)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在雞胚發(fā)育過程中不同雞品種及不同發(fā)育階段的MSTN基因表達(dá)量存在明顯差異,說明MSTN對(duì)不同雞品種肌肉發(fā)育的調(diào)節(jié)能力存在差異,而導(dǎo)致肌纖維數(shù)量及肌肉含量不同。左斌等(2015)研究表明,MSTN基因主要影響雞的生長(zhǎng)性狀,可作為地方雞品種選育的候選基因。王彥欽和邵勇鋼(2017)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MSTN基因多態(tài)性與拜城油雞體重、屠體重、半凈膛重、全凈膛重、胸肌重和腿肌重等生產(chǎn)性能指標(biāo)密切相關(guān),故推測(cè)該基因可作為拜城油雞選育的分子遺傳標(biāo)記。此外,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)MSTN基因多態(tài)性對(duì)12周齡雞屠宰及肉質(zhì)性能的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均有影響,說明MSTN基因不僅在骨骼肌的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過程中發(fā)揮作用,還可能參與脂質(zhì)代謝和脂肪沉積(顧志良等,2003)。MSTN基因是提高畜禽肌肉產(chǎn)量和改善肉品質(zhì)研究的首選基因(王巧巧等,2018),作為肌肉發(fā)育的負(fù)向調(diào)控因子,可通過影響MyoD、Myogenin和Myf5等基因控制肌細(xì)胞從G1期到G2期及G2期到M期的轉(zhuǎn)變,進(jìn)而影響肌肉的發(fā)育過程(Feldman et al.,2006)。李維等(2017)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MSTN基因?qū)Τ嗨疄豕请u肉質(zhì)指標(biāo)中的pH和剪切力具有明顯影響,推測(cè)該基因參與調(diào)控赤水烏骨雞肉質(zhì)性狀??梢?,MSTN基因是影響雞肉質(zhì)性狀的主效基因之一,探究MSTN基因SNP位點(diǎn)突變對(duì)基因表達(dá)的影響,對(duì)提高白羽雞的養(yǎng)殖效益具有重要意義。
本研究在雞MSTN基因Exon-1上發(fā)現(xiàn)G51A、A60G、G195C、A234G、C297T和C324T等6個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn),均為同義突變,未改變編碼氨基酸序列,由于密碼子的簡(jiǎn)并性,同義密碼子的使用頻率存在差異,但對(duì)MSTN基因表達(dá)是否產(chǎn)生影響還有待進(jìn)一步探究。此外,在G159C位點(diǎn)檢測(cè)到羅曼蛋雞的G和C基因頻率差異不明顯,而在興義矮腳雞白羽系和F2代中均以G為優(yōu)勢(shì)等位基因,說明羅曼蛋雞與其他2個(gè)雞種在該位點(diǎn)處存在明顯差異。在MSTN基因Exon-2和Exon-3上未發(fā)現(xiàn)SNP位點(diǎn),與毛亮等(2009)對(duì)藏雞MSTN基因、溫彥濤等(2012)對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)雞S3系MSTN基因的多態(tài)性檢測(cè)結(jié)果相似,但與張麗等(2018)對(duì)靜寧雞MSTN基因進(jìn)行SNP位點(diǎn)篩查的結(jié)果相比,G51A、C297T和C324T是新發(fā)現(xiàn)的SNP位點(diǎn),可能是相對(duì)于Exon-1,Exon-2和Exon-3更加保守所致。雞MSTN蛋白理化性質(zhì)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,亮氨酸的占比最高,組氨酸的占比最低,且未發(fā)現(xiàn)吡咯賴氨酸和硒半胱氨酸;其不穩(wěn)定系數(shù)為43.68,即MSTN蛋白屬于不穩(wěn)定性蛋白,與任衛(wèi)合等(2018)的研究結(jié)果相似。
CDS序列上的核苷酸突變可能引起基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)及其編碼蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)改變,進(jìn)而影響其生物學(xué)功能(李倩,2013)。采用RNAfold對(duì)雞MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,A234G位點(diǎn)突變未引起MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)改變;A60G、G195C和C297T位點(diǎn)突變導(dǎo)致MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的最小自由能增加,mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性降低;G51A和C324T位點(diǎn)突變則致使MSTN基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的最小自由能降低,mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性增強(qiáng)。此外,雞MSTN蛋白二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中以無規(guī)則卷曲結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)量最多,屬于混合型蛋白,與任衛(wèi)合等(2018)、張麗等(2018)的研究結(jié)果相似,即均以無規(guī)則卷曲占比最高。無規(guī)則卷曲的增加易改變蛋白質(zhì)構(gòu)象,進(jìn)而影響其生物學(xué)功能(鄭海軍等,2013),但由于使用的預(yù)測(cè)軟件不同,致使其他結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)域的占比略有差異,因此雞MSTN蛋白的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能還需進(jìn)一步探究。
4 結(jié)論
MSTN基因在貴州地方白羽雞種中的多態(tài)性較豐富,其中A60G、G195C、C297T和C324T等4個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)突變會(huì)導(dǎo)致基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)象發(fā)生改變,可作為改善白羽雞肉質(zhì)品質(zhì)的分子遺傳標(biāo)記進(jìn)一步研究。
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(責(zé)任編輯 蘭宗寶)
收稿日期:2019-12-29
基金項(xiàng)目:貴州省科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(黔科合支撐〔2016〕2507號(hào))
作者簡(jiǎn)介:*為通訊作者,張福平(1978-),博士,副教授,主要從事家禽育種研究工作,E-mail:zfu-1010@126.com。龍廣麗(1994-),研究方向?yàn)樾竽琉B(yǎng)殖,E-mail:632816729@qq.com