鐘麗萍 潘月芬 沈俊俊 齊全 廖海紅 姜亦珍 韓書文
[摘要] 目的 觀察甲鈷胺聯(lián)合谷胱甘肽對(duì)卵巢癌患者紫杉醇化療所致外周神經(jīng)毒性的預(yù)防作用。方法 選取2015年6月~2018年6月我院收治的使用紫杉醇化療的卵巢癌患者共106例,隨機(jī)分為觀察組53例和對(duì)照組53例。兩組患者均給予TC方案(紫杉醇+卡鉑)化療,對(duì)照組給予甲鈷胺預(yù)防神經(jīng)毒性。觀察組給予甲鈷胺聯(lián)合谷胱甘肽預(yù)防神經(jīng)毒性。在治療3周期后、治療6周期后、化療結(jié)束6個(gè)月后,分別對(duì)兩組的外周神經(jīng)毒性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)?;熎陂g,密切觀察并記錄兩組患者出現(xiàn)外周神經(jīng)毒性癥狀的時(shí)間及出現(xiàn)外周神經(jīng)毒性癥狀時(shí)紫杉醇使用量。比較兩組患者化療前后一般生活狀況評(píng)分(KPS評(píng)分)。 結(jié)果 治療3周期后、治療6周期后及化療結(jié)束6個(gè)月后,觀察組外周神經(jīng)毒性發(fā)生率分別為37.74%、47.17%、33.96%,均明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。治療期間,觀察組患者出現(xiàn)外周神經(jīng)毒性的時(shí)間為(15.25±1.78)周,晚于對(duì)照組的(10.32±1.51)周(P<0.05),紫杉醇使用量為(431.78±42.32) mg/m2明顯大于對(duì)照組的(327.12±31.71) mg/m2(P<0.05)。治療后,觀察組的KPS評(píng)分(75.33±7.42)分高于對(duì)照組的(70.36±7.62)分(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 甲鈷胺聯(lián)合谷胱甘肽能有效預(yù)防紫杉醇所致卵巢癌患者外周神經(jīng)毒性,值得臨床參考并進(jìn)一步推廣應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 甲鈷胺;谷胱甘肽;卵巢癌;紫杉醇;外周神經(jīng)毒性
[中圖分類號(hào)] R730.53? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2020)28-0117-04
Study on mecobalamine combined with Glutathione to prevent paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity in patients with ovarian cancer
ZHONG Liping? ?PAN Yuefen? ?SHEN Junjun? ?QI Quan? ?LIAO Haihong? ?JIANG Yizhen? ?HAN Shuwen
Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, the Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University in Zhejiang Province, Huzhou? ?313000, China
[Abstract] Objective To observe the preventive effect of mecobalamin combined with glutathione on peripheral neurotoxicity induced by paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods A total of 106 patients with ovarian cancer who were admitted and treated with paclitaxel chemotherapy in our hospital from June 2015 to June 2018 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group (53 cases) and the control group (53 cases). Both groups of patients were given TC regimen (paclitaxel+carboplatin) for chemotherapy. The control group was given mecobalamin to prevent neurotoxicity. The observation group was given mecobalamin combined with glutathione to prevent neurotoxicity. After 3 cycles of treatment, 6 cycles of treatment, and 6 months after the end of chemotherapy, the peripheral neurotoxicity of the two groups were evaluated. During chemotherapy, the onset time of peripheral neurotoxicity symptoms and the dosage of paclitaxel at the onset of peripheral neurotoxicity symptoms were closely observed and recorded. The general living condition score(KPS score) before and after chemotherapy was compared between the two groups. Results After 3 cycles of treatment, 6 cycles of treatment, and 6 months after the end of chemotherapy, the incidence rate of peripheral neurotoxicity in the observation group was 37.74%, 47.17% and 33.96% respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). During treatment, the time of peripheral neurotoxicity in the observation group was(15.25±1.78) weeks was later than that in the control group of(10.32±1.51) weeks(P<0.05). The dosage of paclitaxel was(431.78±42.32) mg/m2 was significantly greater than that in the control group(327.12±31.71) mg/m2(P<0.05). After treatment, the KPS score in the observation group of(75.33±7.42) points was higher than that in the control group(70.36±7.62) points (P<0.05). Conclusion Mecobalamin combined with glutathione can effectively prevent paclitaxel-induced peripheral neurotoxicity in the patients with ovarian cancer, which is worthy of clinical reference and further popularization and application.
[Key words] Mecobalamin; Glutathione; Ovary cancer; Paclitaxel; Peripheral neurotoxicity
卵巢癌是女性生殖系統(tǒng)最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,其發(fā)病率高,病情進(jìn)展迅速,且預(yù)后較差,死亡人數(shù)約占總體癌癥死亡人數(shù)的5%,是婦科癌癥致死的主要原因之一[1-2]。卵巢癌可分為六個(gè)主要亞型,即漿液性癌、黏液性癌、子宮內(nèi)膜樣癌、移行細(xì)胞癌、透明細(xì)胞癌和鱗狀細(xì)胞癌[3]。手術(shù)和化療是卵巢癌最主要的治療手段。紫杉醇是治療卵巢癌的最常用化療藥物之一,該藥物在延長(zhǎng)患者生存時(shí)間、提高治療效果等方面均具有重要意義,但在臨床治療過程中,紫杉醇可引起感覺障礙、手足麻木等劑量依賴性的外周神經(jīng)毒性,導(dǎo)致患者生活質(zhì)量下降,同時(shí)降低患者對(duì)化療的依從性,引起后續(xù)化療周期的藥物減量甚至治療終止,影響預(yù)后[4]。然而目前對(duì)紫杉醇化療所致的周圍神經(jīng)毒性無(wú)確切的治療及預(yù)防方法,本研究運(yùn)用甲鈷胺聯(lián)合谷胱甘肽預(yù)防卵巢癌患者紫杉醇化療所致外周神經(jīng)毒性,取得了一定的效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2015年6月~2018年6月我院收治的使用紫杉醇化療的卵巢癌患者共106例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字法將上述對(duì)象分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,每組各53例,均為女性患者。觀察組年齡35~78歲,平均(56.5±5.6)歲,其中高級(jí)別漿液性癌36例、子宮內(nèi)膜樣癌7例、透明細(xì)胞癌5例、黏液性癌4例,低級(jí)別漿液性癌1例,KPS評(píng)分(Karnofsky)(78.31±6.67)分。對(duì)照組年齡33~76歲,平均(55.5±5.9)歲,其中高級(jí)別漿液性癌37例、子宮內(nèi)膜樣癌6例、透明細(xì)胞癌6例、黏液性癌3例,低級(jí)別漿液性癌1例,KPS評(píng)分(77.85±6.33)分。兩組患者在年齡、腫瘤病理類型及KPS評(píng)分比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5]:①入院后影像學(xué)和病理學(xué)檢查確診為卵巢癌,并采用紫杉醇聯(lián)合卡鉑方案化療的初治患者;②無(wú)嚴(yán)重心、腎、肝、肺或造血系統(tǒng)功能損害的患者;③預(yù)計(jì)生存時(shí)間≥12個(gè)月,且KPS評(píng)分≥70分的患者,均無(wú)化療禁忌證;④年齡18~80歲;⑤本研究方案經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),入選患者均簽署知情同意書。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6]:①既往接受奧沙利鉑、長(zhǎng)春新堿、順鉑和紫杉醇等能引起神經(jīng)毒性藥物的患者;②合并糖尿病及腦血管疾病等引起的周圍神經(jīng)病變者;③因腫瘤腦轉(zhuǎn)移或脊髓壓迫出現(xiàn)神經(jīng)癥狀者;④存在認(rèn)知障礙或精神疾病,無(wú)法進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言溝通的患者。
1.2 方法
觀察組和對(duì)照組患者均采用TC方案化療,具體為:紫杉醇注射液(江蘇揚(yáng)子江藥業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字:H20053001,批號(hào):18070211,規(guī)格:30 mg/支)175 mg/m2,靜脈滴注3 h,第1天,隨后卡鉑注射液(山東齊魯制藥有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字:H20020180,批號(hào):6060061DA,規(guī)格:100 mg/支)AUC 5,靜脈滴注1 h,第1天;21 d為一個(gè)周期,共6個(gè)周期。兩組患者接受化療的方法、劑量均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。對(duì)照組在此基礎(chǔ)上給予甲鈷胺片(衛(wèi)材中國(guó)藥業(yè)有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字:H20143107,批號(hào):030263,規(guī)格:0.5mg×20片),用法:化療前1周開始直至6周期化療全部結(jié)束,0.5 mg/次,飯后服用,3次/d。觀察組予甲鈷胺片+還原型谷胱甘肽針(山東綠葉制藥有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字:H20030001,批號(hào):17706090,規(guī)格:600 mg/支),用法:化療第1天,于化療前15 min內(nèi)將注射用還原型谷胱甘肽1.5 g/m2溶于100 mL生理鹽水中,15 min內(nèi)靜脈滴注;化療第2~5天,肌內(nèi)注射還原型谷胱甘肽針600 mg,共6個(gè)周期;甲鈷胺片給藥方式與對(duì)照組一致。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
①TC方案治療3周期后、治療6周期后及化療結(jié)束6個(gè)月后,對(duì)兩組患者的外周神經(jīng)毒性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),并統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組外周神經(jīng)毒性的發(fā)生率??偘l(fā)生率=(Ⅰ度例數(shù)+Ⅱ度例數(shù)+Ⅲ度例數(shù)+Ⅳ度例數(shù))/總例數(shù)×100%。②化療期間密切觀察并記錄兩組患者出現(xiàn)外周神經(jīng)毒性癥狀時(shí)的紫杉醇使用劑量及出現(xiàn)外周神經(jīng)毒性癥狀的時(shí)間。③評(píng)估化療前及6周期化療結(jié)束后的一般狀況。
神經(jīng)毒性評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):參照WHO抗癌藥物CIPN分度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7]進(jìn)行嚴(yán)重程度分級(jí)。0度:正常。Ⅰ度:感覺異?;颍ê停╇旆瓷錅p弱。Ⅱ度:嚴(yán)重感覺異?;颍ê停┹p度無(wú)力。Ⅲ度:不能耐受的感覺異?;颍ê停╋@著運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙。Ⅳ度:癱瘓。
一般生活狀況評(píng)定:按照KPS評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8]:①正常,無(wú)癥狀及體征(100分);②有輕微癥狀及體征,能進(jìn)行正?;顒?dòng)(90分);③有一些癥狀或體征,勉強(qiáng)進(jìn)行正?;顒?dòng)(80分);④不能維持正常生活或工作,但生活可自理(70分);⑤偶爾需要?jiǎng)e人的幫助,生活基本可以自理(60分);⑥常需要人照料(50分);⑦需要特別照顧和幫助,生活不能自理(40分);⑧生活嚴(yán)重不能自理(30分);⑨病情較重,需要支持治療(20分);⑩垂危,臨近死亡(10分)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn);計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn);P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者外周神經(jīng)毒性癥狀發(fā)生情況比較
TC方案治療3周期后、治療6周期后、化療結(jié)束6個(gè)月后,觀察組外周神經(jīng)毒性發(fā)生率分別為37.74%、47.17%、33.96%,均明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組患者出現(xiàn)外周神經(jīng)毒性癥狀時(shí)間及紫杉醇使用劑量比較
治療期間,對(duì)照組出現(xiàn)外周神經(jīng)毒性癥狀時(shí)間為(10.32±1.51)周;發(fā)生外周神經(jīng)毒性癥狀時(shí)紫杉醇的用劑量為(327.12±31.71) mg/m2。觀察組發(fā)生外周神經(jīng)毒性癥狀時(shí)間為(15.25±1.78)周;發(fā)生外周神經(jīng)毒性癥狀時(shí)紫杉醇的用劑量為(431.78±42.32) mg/m2。觀察組出現(xiàn)外周神經(jīng)毒性癥狀的時(shí)間晚于對(duì)照組(t=4.312,P=0.028),發(fā)生外周神經(jīng)毒性癥狀時(shí)紫杉醇用劑量大于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.071,P=0.021)。見表2。
2.3兩組患者生活質(zhì)量KPS評(píng)分比較
因化療作用,觀察組及對(duì)照組的生活質(zhì)量均較化療前下降,KPS評(píng)分均降低,兩組差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(觀察組:t=1.718,P=0.009,對(duì)照組:t=2.323,P=0.032)。治療后,觀察組的KPS評(píng)分為(75.33±7.42)分高于對(duì)照組的(70.36±7.62)分,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=2.509,P=0.029)。見表3。
3 討論
化療致外周神經(jīng)毒性(Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy,CIPN)是化療藥物直接損傷周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)而導(dǎo)致的一種神經(jīng)毒性病變,是腫瘤患者化療期間常見的藥物劑量限制性不良反應(yīng)[9]。其臨床表現(xiàn)主要有感覺和運(yùn)動(dòng)異常,如四肢麻木、刺痛、冷痛覺過敏,燒灼感,手套樣或襪套樣異常感及步態(tài)和平衡障礙,嚴(yán)重者可出現(xiàn)肢體功能喪失及自主神經(jīng)功能紊亂等,這些癥狀可持續(xù)數(shù)月甚至數(shù)年[10]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),約30%~40%化療患者會(huì)發(fā)生CIPN,尤其多見于應(yīng)用鉑類、紫杉醇類、長(zhǎng)春新堿類等化療藥物者[11]。CIPN的出現(xiàn)會(huì)導(dǎo)致化療強(qiáng)度降低、化療時(shí)間推遲、甚至終止化療,而這將直接影響腫瘤治療的遠(yuǎn)期效果,降低腫瘤患者的生活質(zhì)量,增加病死率[12]。紫杉醇為細(xì)胞周期特異性化療藥,其作用機(jī)制是促進(jìn)微管聚合,抑制紡錘體的功能,從而抑制細(xì)胞的有絲分裂,臨床廣泛應(yīng)用于乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胃癌等的治療[13]。CIPN是紫杉醇常見的不良反應(yīng),也是紫杉醇劑量限制的主要因素,通常發(fā)生于累積劑量超過300 mg/m2,且累積劑量越高,CIPN的發(fā)生率越高。紫杉醇引起CIPN的確切機(jī)制尚不清楚,越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明,軸突轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)障礙和神經(jīng)元氧化應(yīng)激可能是導(dǎo)致紫杉醇引起CIPN的主要因素[14]。由于缺少有效的預(yù)防和緩解紫杉醇所致CIPN的方法,因此目前對(duì)于其防治仍然是十分棘手的難題[15]。
甲鈷胺是維生素B12的一種輔酶,可促進(jìn)神經(jīng)組織中核酸、蛋白質(zhì)和脂類的代謝。此外,甲鈷胺刺激卵磷脂的合成,修復(fù)受損的髓磷脂,從而提高神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度[16]。李海金等[17]對(duì)于72例接受化療(奧沙利鉑或紫杉醇或長(zhǎng)春新堿)的患者予以單藥甲鈷胺預(yù)防性用藥,神經(jīng)毒性發(fā)生率為75%。周海輝等[18]對(duì)34例接受奧沙利鉑化療的結(jié)直腸癌患者給予單藥甲鈷胺預(yù)防性用藥,化療3周期后及化療6周期后神經(jīng)毒性發(fā)生率分別為47.1%和61.8%,本研究對(duì)照組單用甲鈷胺片,化療3周期后、化療6周期后及化療結(jié)束6個(gè)月,神經(jīng)毒性發(fā)生率分別為58.49%、67.92%、52.83%,與國(guó)內(nèi)報(bào)道相一致。
谷胱甘肽是一種三肽的非必需氨基酸,具有抗氧化、保護(hù)細(xì)胞不受自由基損害的作用,從而改善紫杉醇化療所致神經(jīng)毒性[19]。李巖磊[20]對(duì)40例接受奧沙利鉑方案化療的患者給予谷胱甘肽治療后,CIPN的發(fā)生率明顯低于未使用谷胱甘肽組。同時(shí)谷胱甘肽其豐富的硫醇基團(tuán)是促進(jìn)甲鈷胺中烷基轉(zhuǎn)移作用的重要親核劑[21],因此兩者聯(lián)合應(yīng)用還可增強(qiáng)甲鈷胺、谷胱甘肽轉(zhuǎn)移酶超家族催化烷基轉(zhuǎn)移酶的活性,理論上可增加甲鈷胺的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用,從而更有效地防治紫杉醇引起的神經(jīng)毒性。
本研究中,聯(lián)合應(yīng)用甲鈷胺和谷胱甘肽預(yù)防卵巢癌患者紫杉醇化療所致外周神經(jīng)毒性,化療3周期后,6周期后及化療結(jié)束6個(gè)月后神經(jīng)毒性發(fā)生率分別為37.74%、47.17%、33.96%,明顯低于甲鈷胺單藥預(yù)防組,且聯(lián)合應(yīng)用甲鈷胺和谷胱甘肽組CIPN的發(fā)生時(shí)間顯著短于對(duì)照組,出現(xiàn)神經(jīng)毒性時(shí)紫杉醇使用量明顯高于對(duì)照組,說明甲鈷胺和谷胱甘肽聯(lián)合用藥能有效減輕紫杉醇化療所致外周神經(jīng)毒性,并將紫杉醇抗腫瘤作用發(fā)揮極致。另外,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)照組患者化療后PFS評(píng)分較觀察組降低明顯,進(jìn)一步說明甲鈷胺聯(lián)合谷胱甘肽能改善化療患者的生活質(zhì)量。
綜上所述,甲鈷胺聯(lián)合谷胱甘肽可降低紫杉醇化療所致外周神經(jīng)毒性的發(fā)生率,兩者具有協(xié)同疊加作用,其效果能在單純運(yùn)用甲鈷胺的基礎(chǔ)上得到大大的提高,且能改善紫杉醇化療患者的生活質(zhì)量,值得臨床參考并推廣應(yīng)用。但本研究樣本量較小,后續(xù)需擴(kuò)大樣本量進(jìn)行前瞻性的研究。
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(收稿日期:2020-04-02)