時妍妍
[摘要] 目的 觀察卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理檢查診斷的符合率及其影響因素分析。 方法 選取2012年1月~2020年4月卵巢交界性腫瘤初診患者100例,在術(shù)中完成冰凍病理診斷,并以術(shù)后常規(guī)病理診斷為“金標準”,明確為卵巢交界性腫瘤患者100例。分析術(shù)中冰凍病理檢查診斷的符合率及其影響因素。 結(jié)果 術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷的準確率為92.00%,良性囊腫診斷率為7.00%,術(shù)后常規(guī)病理診斷準確率為100.00%,良性囊腫診斷率為0,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷為卵巢癌為1.00%。黏液性卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷準確率為87.23%,Ⅰ期卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷準確率為89.13%,與術(shù)后常規(guī)病理診斷相比,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。而漿液性卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷準確率為96.23%,Ⅱ期卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷準確率為85.00%,Ⅲ期與Ⅳ期均為100.00%,與術(shù)后常規(guī)病理診斷相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。與診斷不準確相比,術(shù)中病理診斷準確平均最大徑線更長,絕經(jīng)前率更高(P<0.05)。而兩組年齡、病變情況相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。 結(jié)論 在卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理檢查中,診斷準確率為92.00%,而影響其診斷準確的因素與病理分型、病理分期、腫瘤大小、絕經(jīng)有關(guān)。其中病理分型為漿液性診斷準確率高于黏液性,分期越高診斷準確率也越高。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 卵巢交界性腫瘤;術(shù)中冰凍病理;診斷符合率;影響因素
[中圖分類號] R737.31? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2020)28-0147-04
Analyses on coincidence rate and impact factors of intraoperative frozen pathological examination in diagnosis of borderline ovarian tumors
SHI Yanyan
Department of Pathology, Liaoyang City Central Hospital in Liaoning Province, Liaoyang? ?111000, China
[Abstract] Objective To observe the coincidence rate and impact factors of intraoperative frozen pathological examination in diagnosis of borderline ovarian tumors. Methods From January 2012 to April 2020, a total of 100 patients with borderline ovarian tumors were firstly diagnosed by intraoperative frozen pathology, and the postoperative routine pathological diagnosis was regarded as the “gold standard”, and the above 100 patients were definitely identified as borderline ovarian tumors. The coincidence rate of intraoperative frozen pathological examination and the impact factors were analyzed. Results The diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen pathology was 92.00%, the diagnostic accuracy of benign cyst was 7.00%, the diagnostic accuracy of postoperative routine pathology was 100.00%, and the diagnostic accuracy of benign cyst was 0, with significant difference(P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of ovarian cancer diagnosed by intraoperative frozen pathology was 1.00%, the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen pathological diagnosis of mucinous borderline ovarian tumors was 87.23%, and the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen pathological diagnosis of stage I borderline ovarian tumors was 89.13%, and there were statistically significant differences compared with postoperative routine pathological diagnosis,with significant difference(P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen pathological diagnosis of serous borderline ovarian tumors was 96.23%, the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen pathological diagnosis of stage Ⅱ borderline ovarian tumors was 85.00%, those of stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ were both 100.00%, and there were no statistically significant differences compared with postoperative routine pathological diagnosis(P>0.05). There were longer average maximum line diameter and higher premenopausal rate between accurate intraoperative pathological diagnosis and inaccurate diagnosis,with significant difference(P<0.05). Meanwhile, there were no statistically significant differences between the ages and lesions of the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion In intraoperative frozen pathological examination of borderline ovarian tumors, the diagnostic accuracy is 92.00%, and the factors impacting the diagnostic accuracy are related to pathological classification, pathological stage, tumor size and menopause. Among them, the pathological classification is serous with higher diagnostic accuracy than mucinous, and the higher the stage is, the higher the diagnostic accuracy is.
[Key words] Borderline ovarian tumors; Intraoperative frozen pathology; Diagnostic coincidence rate; Impact factor
在1929年Taylor首次描述介于良性腺瘤與癌之間的原發(fā)性上皮性卵巢腫瘤為卵巢交界性腫瘤(Borderline ovarian tumors,BOT),當時被稱之為半惡性囊腺瘤。1971 年被國際婦產(chǎn)科聯(lián)盟列入卵巢腫瘤分類,1973年世界衛(wèi)生組織正式將其命名為BOT,成為獨立的臨床和病理學(xué)類型。BOT為低度惡性潛能腫瘤,與卵巢癌相比,發(fā)病年齡更年輕,生存率更高,復(fù)發(fā)時間更久,預(yù)后更好,但截至目前其發(fā)病原因及發(fā)病機制尚不清楚[1]。BOT發(fā)病早期無明顯的臨床癥狀,缺乏較高特異度和靈敏度的診斷方法,診斷多依賴術(shù)中冰凍及術(shù)后石蠟病理,但在多臨床病例中發(fā)現(xiàn),采取術(shù)中快速冰凍病理檢查作為輔助檢查的手段,其并不具有極高的診斷準確率,仍存在一定的漏診及誤診[2-3]。而由于漏診,可能造成追加二次手術(shù),存在誤診時,則可導(dǎo)致手術(shù)范圍過大,無形當中增加了患者的痛苦與經(jīng)濟壓力,也在一定程度上浪費了寶貴的醫(yī)療資源[4-5]。目前尚無相關(guān)研究針對BOT術(shù)中快速冰凍病理檢查的診斷負荷率及影響因素的相關(guān)分析,基于此,選取我院近期收治的BOT患者,將術(shù)中冰凍病理與術(shù)后常規(guī)病理學(xué)診斷進行比較,以明確術(shù)中冰凍病理的檢查診斷符合率及其影響因素,為臨床針對BOT患者選擇病理診斷方法,提供依據(jù)[6],現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2012年1月~2020年4月我院以初診為卵巢交界性腫瘤為診斷的患者100例,年齡16~72歲,平均(48.6±3.5)歲。其中黏液性卵巢交界性腫瘤47例,漿液性卵巢交界性腫瘤53例。大部分患者無明顯臨床癥狀,其中在體檢或B超檢查時發(fā)現(xiàn)盆腔包塊73例,因腹痛、腹脹、腹圍增大、下腹部腫塊或腫瘤的壓迫癥狀或月經(jīng)不調(diào)而就診發(fā)現(xiàn)21例,因急腹癥就診發(fā)現(xiàn)6例。
納入標準[5]:符合2003年世界衛(wèi)生組織BOT病理診斷標準;可配合手術(shù)治療;術(shù)中進行冰凍病理檢查,且術(shù)后進行常規(guī)病理檢查;臨床資料完整;患者知情同意。排除標準[6]:合并其他惡性腫瘤者;可能影響病理結(jié)果的其他疾病者。
1.2方法
對入組患者進行擇期手術(shù)治療,在術(shù)中取疑似腫瘤組織送檢冰凍病理檢查。首先由病理科醫(yī)師肉眼觀察標本,判斷標本的完整性與可用性,并通過特制包埋劑,將切除組織在-20℃左右的冷凍機內(nèi)進行凍結(jié),采用恒溫冷凍切片機(LEICA CM1900),完成厚度為5 μm的切片,在整個冰凍病理診斷中至少制片2張,要求必須包括浸潤最深部位組織。在讀片時,由2名有經(jīng)驗的病理科醫(yī)師于30 min內(nèi)做出診斷,在得出相同的結(jié)論時告知手術(shù)醫(yī)師。在得出不同結(jié)論時進行討論與再次檢驗,直至得出相同結(jié)論。冰凍后標本再進入石蠟包埋切片機(LEICA 2235)常規(guī)制片程序后鏡檢,獲取石蠟病理結(jié)果。
1.3 觀察指標及評價標準
在術(shù)中完成冰凍病理診斷,并以術(shù)后常規(guī)病理診斷為“金標準”,明確為卵巢交界性腫瘤患者。分析患者接受術(shù)中冰凍病理檢查診斷的符合率,并對其影響因素進行分析。因素主要有個人因素(年齡、是否絕經(jīng))和疾病情況(最大徑線與病變?yōu)殡p側(cè)還是單側(cè))。其中腫瘤臨床分期根據(jù)FIGO分為四期:Ⅰ期:交界性腫瘤局限于卵巢;Ⅱ期:伴有盆腔腹膜的種植;Ⅲ期:腹膜種植超出盆腔范圍并且(或)伴有淋巴結(jié)受累;Ⅳ期:交界性腫瘤累及肝實質(zhì)或腫瘤超出腹腔。比較不同類型、不同分期病理診斷準確率[7]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用 SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進行分析,計量資料以(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t 檢驗;計數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 入組患者病理診斷的準確率比較
術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷的準確率為92.00%,良性囊腫診斷率為7.00%,術(shù)后常規(guī)病理診斷準確率為100.00%,良性囊腫診斷率為0,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷為卵巢癌為1.00%。見表1。
2.2 不同類型、不同分期病理診斷準確率比較
黏液性卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷準確率為87.23%,Ⅰ期卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷準確率為89.13%,與術(shù)后常規(guī)病理診斷相比,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。而漿液性卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷準確率為96.23%,Ⅱ期卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷準確率為85.00%,Ⅲ期與Ⅳ期均為100.00%,與術(shù)后常規(guī)病理診斷相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
2.3術(shù)中冰凍病理檢查的影響因素比較
與診斷不準確相比,術(shù)中病理診斷準確平均最大徑線更長,絕經(jīng)前率更高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。而兩組年齡、病變情況相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表3。以診斷的準確性為因變量進行Logistic多因素回歸分析,觀察診斷準確性的影響因素,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤平均最大徑線是術(shù)中冰凍病理檢查準確性的影響因素。見表4。
3 討論
BOT的發(fā)病原因及發(fā)病機制目前尚不清楚,占全部卵巢上皮性腫瘤的10%~20%,預(yù)后好,生存率高,早期患者5年生存率可達100%。多數(shù) BOT患者早期通常無明顯臨床表現(xiàn),癥狀隱匿,約超過一半患者于常規(guī)婦科檢查時發(fā)現(xiàn)盆腔占位,不孕、腹痛、月經(jīng)改變或異常陰道流血[8-9]。因其臨床表現(xiàn)特異性不高,血液腫瘤標志物檢查也存在較大的誤診率,術(shù)前診斷 BOT較困難。因此對疑似患者采取手術(shù)治療,診斷主要依賴于術(shù)中冰凍或術(shù)后病理。近十幾年來,國內(nèi)外許多學(xué)者對BOT的臨床病理學(xué)特征、名稱、生物學(xué)行為、診斷及治療方案等已經(jīng)進行較多的研究,但至今尚未達成共識。而術(shù)中常需要快速冰凍病理檢查以明確手術(shù)范圍,但術(shù)中快速冰凍病理檢查仍存在一定的漏診率及誤診率[10]。
BOT 組織生物學(xué)特點介于良性與惡性之間,病理診斷采用 2003年WHO的診斷標準:①細胞的復(fù)層化,上皮復(fù)層>4層;②細胞核濃染、分葉及一定程度的異型性;③細胞脫離原附著點;④無間質(zhì)侵犯(不超過微浸潤范圍)[11]。若淋巴結(jié)含有與交界性腫瘤相同的組織形態(tài)則稱為淋巴結(jié)受累。主要以細胞增生層次、細胞的異型性和有無間質(zhì)浸潤為標準,其中間質(zhì)浸潤與否是鑒別癌與 BOT 的關(guān)鍵點。漿液性交界性腫瘤約占 BOT 65%,為最常見的病理類型,其次黏液性腫瘤約占 30%,其他偶見子宮內(nèi)膜樣交界性腫瘤、透明細胞性腫瘤以及 Brenner交界性腫瘤等[12-13]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷的準確率為92.00%,良性囊腫診斷率為7.00%,術(shù)后常規(guī)病理診斷準確率為100.00%,良性囊腫診斷率為0,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷為卵巢癌為1.00%。黏液性卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷準確率為87.23%,Ⅰ期卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷準確率為89.13%,與術(shù)后常規(guī)病理診斷相比,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。考慮術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷具有一定的臨床指導(dǎo)意義,在術(shù)中緊急情況下,可以指導(dǎo)術(shù)者對患者的疾病類型進行定性與定位,幫助完善手術(shù),但其仍有一定的差異性。而漿液性卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷準確率為96.23%,Ⅱ期卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理診斷準確率為85.00%,Ⅲ期與Ⅳ期均為100.00%,與術(shù)后常規(guī)病理診斷相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。與診斷不準確相比,術(shù)中病理診斷準確平均最大徑線更長,絕經(jīng)前率更高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。而兩組年齡、病變情況相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。與相關(guān)學(xué)者等[14-15]研究結(jié)果相近。
綜上所述,在卵巢交界性腫瘤術(shù)中冰凍病理檢查中,診斷準確率為92.00%,而影響其診斷準確的因素與病理分型、病理分期、腫瘤大小、絕經(jīng)情況有關(guān)。其中病理分型為漿液性卵巢交界性腫瘤診斷準確率高于黏液性卵巢交界性腫瘤。分期為Ⅰ期、Ⅲ期與Ⅳ期伴隨著分期越高診斷準確率也就越高。腫瘤徑線越長診斷準確率越高,且絕經(jīng)也是影響診斷準確率的因素。本研究選取樣本量較少,可能存在一定的差異性,且臨床尚無類似報道?;诖?,希望本研究對臨床具有指導(dǎo)意義,對于條件允許的醫(yī)院,望廣納病例,以降低因為地區(qū)、患者等差異因素對臨床研究結(jié)果的影響。
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(收稿日期:2020-05-19)