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乳腺浸潤性導管癌超聲微鈣化征象與PR ER HER-2 P53 TOPIIa ck5/6 KI67表達的相關性

2021-01-10 00:17吳昊馮佩明張可新吳文瑛
中國典型病例大全 2021年15期
關鍵詞:免疫組化超聲乳腺癌

吳昊 馮佩明 張可新 吳文瑛

摘要:目的:探索乳腺浸潤性導管癌超聲內部微鈣化征象的出現(xiàn)與雌激素受體ER,孕激素受體PR,人類表皮生長因子2HER-2,p53,DNA拓撲異構酶IIaTOPIIa,細胞角蛋白ck5/6,細胞核抗體KI67等免疫組化因子表達的相關性。方法:收集承德醫(yī)學院附屬醫(yī)院2020年1月至2021年7月手術治療的乳腺浸潤性導管癌患者350例,術前進行超聲檢查并留存有標準的超聲聲像圖,并運用χ2、Spearman與二元logistic回歸依次分析超聲微鈣化征象與各個免疫組化因子表達的相關性。結果:浸潤性導管癌微鈣化征象的出現(xiàn)與HER-2、P53、KI67、TOPIIa、CK5/6的表達具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),與ER、PR的表達無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。結論:乳腺浸潤性導管癌超聲微鈣化征象的出現(xiàn)與HER-2、P53、KI67、topIIa、CK5/6的表達有統(tǒng)計學意義,超聲微鈣化征象的出現(xiàn)對判斷乳腺癌的預后有預測價值。

關鍵詞:超聲;乳腺癌;微鈣化;免疫組化

【中圖分類號】R737 【文獻標識碼】A 【文章編號】1673-9026(2021)15--03

Abstract:Objective: To explore the correlation between the appearance of ultrasonic microcalcification signs and the expression of estrogen receptor ER, progesterone receptor PR, human epidermal growth factor 2HER-2, p53,DNA topoisomerase IIaTOPIIa, cytokeratin CK5/6, nuclear antibody KI67 and other immunohistochemical factors in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast.Methods: 350 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of breast who received surgical treatment from The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from January 2020 to July 2021 were collected. Preoperative ultrasound examination was performed and standard ultrasound images were retained. χ2 Spearman and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation between ultrasonic microcalcification signs and the expression of various immunohistochemical factors.Results: The microcalcification signs of invasive ductal carcinoma were statistically significant with the expression of HER-2, P53, KI67, TOPIIa and CK5/6 (P<0.05), and had no statistical significance with the expression of ER and PR (P<0.05).Conclusion: The appearance of ultrasonic microcalcification signs in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast has statistical significance with the expression of HER-2, P53, KI67, topIIa and CK5/6, and the appearance of ultrasonic microcalcification signs has predictive value for the prognosis of breast cancer.

Key words:ultrasound; Breast cancer; Microcalcification; immunohistochemical

乳腺癌是全世界女性中發(fā)病率最高的癌癥【1】。早期診斷乳腺癌目前主要依靠彩色多普勒超聲,鉬靶,核磁等,而超聲由于其無電離輻射,可顯示血流信號等優(yōu)勢被廣泛應用于乳腺疾病的早期篩查。隨著分子生物學的發(fā)展,人們認識到乳腺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展與其基因表達等因素關系密切。乳腺癌中浸潤性導管癌占80%以上,本研究主要探究超聲微鈣化征象與PR、ER、HER-2、P53、ck5/6、KI67和TOPIIa表達的相關性。

一、資料與研究方法

1.1資料

選擇2020年1月至2021年7月在我院手術病理證實的乳腺浸潤性導管癌患者350例,年齡32-84歲,所有患者均為女性,超聲檢查、病理及免疫組化結果完整,術前未經任何治療。

1.2研究方法

采用多普勒EPIQ7G、EPIQ5多普勒彩色超聲診斷儀高頻線陣探頭,探頭頻率5-12MHZ。被檢查者平臥位,暴露雙側乳房及腋窩,初步了解病灶的整體情況,而后觀察腫塊內部微鈣化情況。為提高圖像識別的準確性,每個病例的微鈣化征象的識別均由兩個高年資醫(yī)師共同討論完成,并去除圖像差異較大的病例,得出結果后根據(jù)患者所作免疫組化表達的分子類別進行分組,暨分為ER組、PR組、HER-2組、ki67組、TOPIIa組、P53組、ck5/6組7組,并在組內區(qū)分出微鈣化征象。

1.3病理及免疫組化檢測方法

ER、PR、KI67、HER-2、TOPIIa、CK5/6、P53表達的免疫組織化學檢測和判定:均采用手術切除標本,腫塊標本檢測采用邁新公司全自動免疫組化儀。PR與ER細胞核染色數(shù)目>1%者視為陽性,350例患者中,PR陽性者231例,陰性119例,ER陽性258例,陰性92例。KI67陽性細胞數(shù)<14%為(-),15%-25%為弱陽性(+),25%-50%為中陽性(++),>50%為強陽性(+++),后三者均為陽性,350例患者中陽性308例,陰性42例。HER-2表達3+記為陽性,2+者需要經過FISH技術雙探針檢測,F(xiàn)ISH(+)者HER-2表達2+者記為陽性,F(xiàn)ISH(-)者HER-2表達2+者記為陰性,HER-2表達1+及0者記為陰性,陰性者224例,陽性者124例。TOPIIa、P53均以在細胞核內出現(xiàn)棕黃色顆粒為陽性染色,在高倍鏡下計數(shù)陽性細胞數(shù),并計算其占腫瘤細胞的百分比,以陽性細胞數(shù)>10%為陽性,P53陽性者137例,陰性者213例,TOPIIa陽性者260例,陰性者90例。CK5/6的陽性表達于細胞質,抗體染色標注評定標準采用半定量方法,陽性細胞≥5%為陽性,<5%為陰性,CK5/6陽性者104例,陰性者246例。如表1-1。

1.4統(tǒng)計學處理

將得到的病理結果,免疫組化結果以及高回聲暈超聲特征進行總結和對比分析。實用統(tǒng)計學軟件IBM spss22.0,用χ2進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,并用Spearman和二元Logistic回歸進行統(tǒng)計學分析,得出其相關系數(shù)與回歸系數(shù)后根據(jù)回歸系數(shù)正負確定其正負相關性,P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義。

二、結果

2.1.超聲微鈣化征象與免疫組化分子表達的相關性見表2-1,顯示乳腺癌超聲內部微鈣化征象的出現(xiàn)與HER-2、ki67、P53、CK5/6、TOPIIa的表達均具有相關性(P<0.05),與ER、PR的表達無相關性(P>0.05),如表2-1。

2.2分別對差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義的組別進行Spearman相關分析,從結果可知,微鈣化征象的表達與HER-2、KI67、TOPIIa、P53、CK5/6的陽性表達呈正相關,結果如表2-2。

2.3再次分別對差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義的組別進行二元Logistic回歸分析見表2-3,根據(jù)回歸系數(shù)正負顯示內部微鈣化征象的出現(xiàn)與HER-2、KI67、P53、TOPIIa、CK5/6的表達呈正相關(OR=4.072,,2305,1.786,1.803,2.213),結果見表2-4。

三、討論

腫瘤不同的病理學基礎決定其不同的生物學行為及形態(tài)學變化,而各個免疫組化因子的表達與乳腺癌的生物學行為存在密切關系已成為現(xiàn)如今人們的共識。其表達也影響著臨床上對于乳腺癌的治療。

根據(jù)現(xiàn)有研究表明,乳腺癌超聲檢查下的微鈣化征象(圖1-4)其在病理學層面是由于乳腺癌癌灶快速生長導致局部局部營養(yǎng)不良,進而細胞缺血壞死,釋放出硝酸根與鈣離子結合成磷酸鈣沉積并在超聲影像學中表現(xiàn)為微鈣化征象【2-3】。其化學成分主要為磷酸鹽、碳酸鈣、磷酸鎂、水及蛋白質【4】。乳腺癌微鈣化在聲像圖上表現(xiàn)為多樣化,除數(shù)量,直徑,分布,回聲強弱等有一定區(qū)別外,形態(tài)表現(xiàn)方面多為點狀。超聲掃查下乳腺癌的微鈣化征象由于其直徑較小故通常不伴聲影。因為超聲對鈣化的敏感性較鉬靶差,所以超聲顯示鈣化陽性的診斷價值要高于陰性的診斷價值【5】。

ER、PR的表達可反映不同的生物學行為,其在乳腺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展中均可對細胞的生長發(fā)育,內分泌細胞等進行調節(jié),陽性表達表達提示著較好的預后【6】,其結果也被廣泛的指導用于臨床的內分泌治療和評價乳腺癌的預后【7-9】。在本項研究中,ER、PR的表達與微鈣化征象并無相關性。

HER-2,即人類表皮生長因子2,是細胞增殖、分化和存活的重要調節(jié)因子,根據(jù)現(xiàn)有研究,HER-2直接影響著乳腺癌的預后及治療,針對HER-2的曲妥珠單克隆抗體目前在新輔助性、輔助性和轉移性浸潤性癌患者中與化療藥物一起使用。HER-2高表達預示著腫瘤對周圍組織侵襲能力強,容易遠處轉移【10,12,13】。在本項研究中,HER-2的陽性表達與微鈣化征象的出現(xiàn)呈正相關性,與之前研究結果相符【11】。

P53基因是人類研究最為廣泛的抑癌基因,而腫瘤中大部分可有P53基因的突變。當其突變后,即失去對細胞生長的控制作用,進而促進腫瘤的形成。其陽性表達可反映腫瘤的惡性轉化和增殖,也可以反映乳腺癌較差的預后,暨KI67越表達,腫瘤越惡性【14】。在本項研究中,P53的陽性表達與超聲微鈣化征象的出現(xiàn)呈正相關性。

KI67在臨床上可根據(jù)其表達與其他免疫組化分子的表達對乳腺癌進行分子分型并可以獨立預測乳腺癌的預后,在臨床上可根據(jù)其表達高達預測腫瘤轉移,腫瘤的增殖活性及分化高低,KI67指數(shù)越高乳腺癌預后越差【15-19】。在本項研究中,KI67的陽性表達與超聲微鈣化征象的出現(xiàn)呈正相關性。

TOPIIa是近來才開始被研究的一種免疫組化分子,其表達與腫瘤的分化與預后相關【20-21】,表達越高,預后越差【22-24】。在臨床上多作為一種藥物治療的靶點而被廣泛研究【25-26】。在本項研究中,TOPIIa陽性表達與超聲微鈣化征象的出現(xiàn)呈正相關性。

CK5/6是乳腺基底細胞所特異性表達的細胞角蛋白,其表達與ER、PR的表達呈負相關,且其陽性表達與腫瘤的遠處轉移及預后較差具有正相關性【27】。在本項研究中,CK5/6的陽性表達與超聲微鈣化征象的出現(xiàn)具有正相關性。

綜上所述,乳腺微鈣化征象的表達與HER-2、CK5/6、P53、TOPIIa、KI67的表達均呈正相關性。乳腺癌癌灶快速生長導致局部局部營養(yǎng)不良,進而細胞缺血壞死形成鈣化,而在本項研究中,免疫組化表達反映預后較差的分子類型其與乳腺癌微鈣化均具有相關性,暨可從分子的角度證明乳腺癌超聲下微鈣化征象預示著較差的預后,是否可以作為預測乳腺癌預后的一項獨立預測因素尚待進一步研究。

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作者簡介:吳昊,碩士研究生在讀。

通訊作者:吳文瑛,副主任醫(yī)師,碩士,研究方向:超聲診斷。

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