建筑設(shè)計：GRAFT建筑事務(wù)所

查理居住區(qū)是腓特烈施塔特市最大的新建住宅項目，靠近昔日的“查理檢查站”。

這座由4棟新建筑組成的開放式住宅體用柏林米特區(qū)的舊柏林墻帶填滿了該區(qū)最后的空地之一。GRAFT建筑事務(wù)所采用具有較高公共通透性的現(xiàn)有通道，通往住宅體的內(nèi)部區(qū)域，連接相鄰的E-Werk活動場館與城墻街上的酒店，與附近原本封閉的體塊式結(jié)構(gòu)形成鮮明對比。在馬丁·格羅皮烏斯博物館、國會大廈、恐怖地形圖及其原始墻體、腓特烈大街與查理檢查站和阿克塞爾施普林格園區(qū)等建筑的襯托下，這座新建住宅體在柏林最具歷史意義的地帶以高度宜居的特性獨樹一幟。該項目由243套3～7室公寓組成，面積為40m2～300m2不等，有48套“服務(wù)式公寓”，一舉成為自1987年柏林國際建筑展覽館以來該地區(qū)最大的新建住宅開發(fā)項目之一。

該住宅體由3棟8層的主建筑（A、B、C座）與D座及其內(nèi)部一組聯(lián)排別墅組成，各建筑之間略微傾斜，呈多邊形，通過一座綠色的內(nèi)部庭院彼此自由連接。這座對公眾開放的庭院在柏林喧囂的歷史中心形成一片綠洲，方便行人穿過其體塊式結(jié)構(gòu)快速前往城墻街及腓特烈大街的中心。這幾棟建筑均呈現(xiàn)出獨特的幾何形狀，且具有獨特的表面和立面概念，為所有公寓提供了寬敞的涼廊或陽臺作為室內(nèi)外之間的過渡空間。

A座為公寓式酒店，大堂與零售商店位于底樓，而公寓則坐落在側(cè)翼（面向庭院）。A座沿齊默爾斯特拉街而立，以其石墨色、浮雕般的外觀脫穎而出。臨街一室公寓位于雙層基座之上，分布在5個樓層，擁有不同深度的凸窗作為起居區(qū)的延伸，享有齊默爾斯特拉街至查理檢查站一覽無余的景致。這些階梯式凸窗從立面向西逐漸增多，成為進入內(nèi)部庭院的拐點。在開發(fā)計劃中，西側(cè)規(guī)劃了通往新建筑的未來連接點，因此前往內(nèi)部住宅體的主通道被重新布置在該場地西面的“拐角處”。于是，在盡可能保持最大開放性的同時，庭院區(qū)域的隔音效果得以實現(xiàn)。A座的側(cè)翼阻擋了東邊相鄰建筑的長條防火墻，使得大部分出租公寓均朝向西面的綠色庭院。諸多此類單元公寓反而可以利用建筑縫隙將午后的陽光引入庭院。

B座是一系列中型公寓，建在東側(cè)后方的連接處。在這里，一種凸出的、略微傾斜且?guī)в蟹礼薨櫣鈱W(xué)膜片的陽臺欄桿讓各種尺寸的陽臺得以實現(xiàn)，從而保證了自然采光——在較暗的季節(jié)里，陽光也能灑入公寓深處。因為其獨特的轉(zhuǎn)角，原本嚴肅的建筑達到了雕塑的效果。

由于其相互交織且令人意想不到的雕塑型陽臺結(jié)構(gòu)，第三座中心結(jié)構(gòu)C座從類型規(guī)律性中脫離出來。三角形的陽臺區(qū)域在每層交替改變方向，每隔一層向后退，使得上方的陽臺也向后退落，從而營造出梯田之感。垂直的區(qū)域設(shè)有樹槽，提供了私密性。樹木猶如沿立面向上攀爬，通過外墻延續(xù)了內(nèi)部庭院的綠色特征。

這棟獨立的建筑使該項目西面邊界的所有公寓都享有充足的采光。隨著一天中不同時間段光線的強弱變化，金屬立面似乎閃著銀色或金色的光點。C座的會所設(shè)有底樓休閑設(shè)施和屋頂露臺，對所有居民開放。

隱藏于庭院區(qū)域后方的是D座，一棟3層建筑，另有6棟聯(lián)排別墅可供出售。每個單元均擁有前陽臺、地下室和花園，構(gòu)成了具有高品質(zhì)城市住宅的內(nèi)城居住區(qū)。

所有建筑和各個部分均符合更廣泛的公共可達性理念，消除了私人庭院和公共空間的嚴格分離。查理居住區(qū)項目證明了此類特性并非相互排斥；位于中心地帶且環(huán)境安靜的高檔住宅也有可能對城市公眾開放?；蛟S，這便是一個可持續(xù)發(fā)展且高度宜居的都市先例。（王單單 譯）

2 全景/Panoramic view

Charlie Living is the largest newly-built predominantly residential project in Friedrichstadt, in direct proximity to former Checkpoint Charlie.

The open ensemble of four new buildings fills one of the last open lots of Berlin Mitte with its former strip of the Berlin Wall. The Graft design with its high public permeability of accessible existing paths through to the inner area of the complex connecting with the neighbouring E-Werk and hotel on Mauerstra?e, stands in contrast with the otherwise closed block structure of the immediate vicinity.Against this backdrop of the Martin Gropius Building,the State Parliament Building, the "Topography of Terror" Memorial with its original pieces of the Wall,Friedrichstra?e with Checkpoint Charlie and the Axel Springer Campus, the new residential ensemble marks a highly liveable dwelling in one of the most historically significant areas of Berlin. With a unit mix of 243 3～7 roomed apartments ranging from 40 to 300 m2 in size, and 48 "serviced apartments," the complex constitutes one of the largest, newly-built residential developments at this location since the 1987 International Building Exhibition IBA.

The residential complex consists of three eightstorey main buildings - Block A, B, and C and a cluster of townhouses situated within the inner block,D, which are slightly inclined towards each other,modelled polygonally and freely connected to each other by means of a green internal courtyard. This publicly accessible courtyard forms an oasis within the hustle and bustle of Berlin's historic heart and provides pedestrians with a short-cut through its block-like structure to Mauerstra?e and the middle of Friedrichstra?e. All buildings convey an individual geometry and have a distinctive surface and fa?ade concept which provides all apartments with generous loggias or balconies as transitory spaces between outside and inside.

Building A accommodates an Apartment Hotel and lobby together with retail units on the ground floor, as well as apartments situated in the side wing,opening up to the courtyard.

Along Zimmerstra?e Building A stands out with its graphite-coloured, relief-like fa?ade. Above the double-story plinth and distributed over five floors,street-facing studio-apartments with bay windows of varying projecting depths as extensions of the living area, allow views from Zimmerstra?e all the way down to Checkpoint Charlie. These stepped bay windows emerge increasingly from the fa?ade to the west to mark a deflection point into the internal courtyard.Since on the west side a future joint towards a new building is foreseen on the development plan, the main access to the inner complex was able to be repositioned"around the corner" on the western side of the site. As a result, an acoustic shielding of the courtyard areas has been achieved while retaining the greatest possible openness. The side wing of Building A serves to block off the long firewall of the neighbouring buildings to the east, orienting a large portion of the rental apartments westward towards the green courtyard. Conversely,many of these units benefit from the building joint which brings afternoon sun into the courtyard.

Building B, comprised of medium-sized apartments, was built at the eastern rear connection.Here a projecting, slightly inclined and optically pleated balcony balustrade allows varying sized balconies to be realised thereby guaranteeing natural sunlight while in the darker seasons the sun reaches the depth of the apartments. Due to its distinctive corners, the otherwise stringent building achieves a sculptural effect.

Building C, the third central structure, detaches itself conspicuously from the typological regularity due to its unexpected interwoven sculptural balcony structures. The triangular balcony areas change their orientation alternately per floor, thrusting every second floor off the fa?ade so that the overlying balcony recedes thus creating a terraced feeling.Attached to the verticals are tree troughs, there to create a sphere of privacy. The trees appear to climb up the fa?ade, perpetuating the green character of the inner courtyard with the outer walls.

The free-standing building enables all apartments on the western border of the property a particularly favourable exposure to light. Depending on the time of day and the incidence of light the metal fa?ade seems to have a silvery or golden shimmer. Building C houses the club room with leisure facilities on the ground floor and a roof terrace, both of which are at the disposal of all residents.

Hidden at the back of the courtyard area is Building D, a three-storey structure with six townhouses on offer. Each of the units is equipped with a front terrace, cellar and garden constituting an inner-city residential area providing high-quality urban dwelling.

All buildings and individual sections serve the broader idea of public accessibility and the elimination of the strict separation of private courtyard and public space. Charlie Living proves that these qualities are not mutually exclusive and that a premium residential address in a central yet quiet location is possible with the highest openness to the urban public. Perhaps,a precedent for a sustainable and highly liveable urbanity.

項目信息/Credits and Data

地點/Location: Zimmerstra?e 92-94, 10117 Berlin,Germany

客戶/Client: Trockland Management GmbH

功能/Programme: 包含243個租住單元、零售店、酒店和地下停車場的新建居住綜合體/Newly constructed residential complex with 243 rental units, retail and hotel with basement parking

建筑設(shè)計/Architects: GRAFT Gesellschaft von Architekten mbH, Berlin

技術(shù)規(guī)劃/Technical Planning: decon Deutsche Energie-Consult GmbH, Dresden

結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)劃/Structural Planning: KREBS und KIEFER Ingenieure GmbH, Berlin

景觀設(shè)計/Landscape Architects: MAN MADE LAND, Berlin

消防設(shè)計/Fire Protection: hhpberlin, Berlin

地形測量/Topographic Survey: Claudia Zimmermann

土壤力學(xué)/Soil mechanics: IFK Ingenieurbüro für Geotechnik GmbH, Berlin

聲學(xué)設(shè)計/Acoustics: Akustik- Ingenieurbüro Moll GmbH,Berlin

建筑物理/Building Physics: Müller-BBM GmbH, Berlin

設(shè)計及施工時間/Design & Construction Period: 2017-2020

總建筑面積/GFA: 33,100 m2

繪圖/Drawings: GRAFT GmbH

攝影/Photos: Bttr GmbH, Trockland Management GmbH

10 內(nèi)院/Courtyard

11 屋頂花園/Roof terrace

12 步道/Path

13 立面結(jié)構(gòu)/Fa?ade structure

評委評語

克里斯汀·菲萊斯：作為柏林市中心最大的新建住宅區(qū)，查理居住區(qū)罕見地嘗試融入原有的城市肌理。該設(shè)計以其高度的公共滲透性，通過暢通無阻的路徑，進入建筑群內(nèi)部區(qū)域，與周邊封閉的街區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)形成鮮明對比。穿過建筑群的公共人行通道聯(lián)系了街景與內(nèi)院景觀，而不是對外封閉，這為城市生活作出了貢獻，并將社區(qū)聯(lián)系在一起。（龐凌波 譯）

Jury Statement

Kristin Feireiss: As the largest newly built predominantly residential block in the centre of Berlin, Charlie Living is rare in its attempt to be a part of the urban fabric. The design with its high public permeability of accessible paths through to the inner area of the complex, stands in contrast with the otherwise closed block structure of the immediate vicinity. Instead of closing off to the street, the public passageways through the ensemble allows for views between street and backyards,contributes to the life of the city and knits society together.