付利
形容詞和副詞都具有修飾功能。形容詞是描述人和事物的特征、性質(zhì)、屬性或者狀態(tài)的一種開(kāi)放性詞類,主要修飾名詞或者代詞,在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等成分;副詞是指在句中表示行為或者狀態(tài)特征的詞,用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或者句子,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度、邏輯等。這兩類詞在任何體裁的文章中都是必不可少的。連詞則相當(dāng)于人身體里的關(guān)節(jié),它們的作用是讓文章流暢、自然、有活力。
Step 1 真題回放
(2020·全國(guó)乙卷)There are many respectable people around us. Mr Li is one of the most respected teachers. With eyes filled with wisdom and the mild nature, he is a genuine scholar.
I couldn't follow the teacher completely in English class when I became a senior three student. One day, I was too exhausted to concentrate on what he was teaching. Unfortunately, I was invited to share my own ideas. I couldn't say one word. Much to my astonishment, Mr Li instructed and encouraged me patiently. So touched was I that I decided to spare no effort to study hard.
Now I'm confident about my English. I am really grateful to him for what he has done for me.
在本文中,作者很自然、恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眯稳菰~和副詞,對(duì)老師的描述、對(duì)事情的陳述,以及自己的感情表達(dá)都很到位,讓人印象深刻。
Step 2 語(yǔ)法喚醒
一、 形容詞
(一)形容詞的語(yǔ)法功能
(二)形容詞的位置
1. 一般放在所修飾詞之前
(2019·全國(guó)乙卷)In a nutshell, I'm the exact person you need.
一句話,我就是你們需要的人。
2. 后置定語(yǔ):放在所修飾詞之后
I met someone quite talkative at the party.
在聚會(huì)上我遇到了一個(gè)十分健談的人。
(三)形容詞有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
1. I'm closer to Jim than to Peter.
我跟Jim比跟Peter關(guān)系更親近。
2. The film is the most brilliant one I've ever seen.
這是我看過(guò)的最精彩的電影。
(四)-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞和-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞
-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞意為“感到……”,而-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞意為“令人……”。
1. Thank you for your inviting dishes. I feel invited to come again.
感謝你做的誘人的菜肴。我很想再來(lái)你家。
2. His satisfied facial expression suggested that the news must be satisfying.
他滿意的表情暗示著這消息一定令人滿意。
二、副詞
副詞在意義上和形式上具有自己的特征。在意義上,副詞用以說(shuō)明事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn),行為的方式、程度,說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)。副詞具有明顯的修飾和強(qiáng)調(diào)功能。
(一)副詞的分類
1. 時(shí)間副詞,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,如:since、immediately、right now、in no time、tomorrow等。
2. 地點(diǎn)副詞,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn),如:outdoors、indoors、everywhere、upstairs、outside、out、here、there等。
3. 方式副詞,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式,如:wildly、kindly、patiently、hard、cautiously、slowly、suddenly等。
4. 程度副詞,用來(lái)描述動(dòng)作、行為或者狀態(tài)程度的副詞,如:hardly、enough、extremely、com-
pletely、almost、pretty、a lot等。
5. 頻度副詞,指一定時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率,如:usually、often、sometimes、never、always、consecutively、frequently、constantly、now and then等。
6. 評(píng)論副詞,對(duì)主句中陳述的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)的副詞,如:luckily、exactly、naturally、thankfully、hopefully、honestly、narrowly、generally等。
7. 連接副詞及副詞短語(yǔ),主要用來(lái)連接句子或者從句,如:
所以:consequently、therefore、hence、as a result
還有:besides、moreover、additionally
但是:however、though (句末)
否則:otherwise
然后:then
同時(shí):meanwhile
(二)副詞的語(yǔ)法功能
三、連詞
常見(jiàn)的連詞有:
并列連詞:and、both...and...、not only...but also...、as well as、in addition、besides、apart from、for? one thing...for another、what's more等。
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:however、while、but、yet、still、instead、on the one hand...on the other hand等。
選擇關(guān)系:or、or else、otherwise、either...or...、neither...nor...等。
因果關(guān)系:so、for、then、therefore、hence、as a result、as a result of等。
遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:more importantly、what's worse、worse still等。
從屬連詞:because、since、until、when、as、while等。
Step 3 單句過(guò)手
1. ( 2020·全國(guó)甲卷)我將永遠(yuǎn)從這次經(jīng)歷中受益。
I'll benefit from the experience________________________________________________.
2. (2018·全國(guó)丙卷)體育館設(shè)施很棒,下課后吸引了眾多的學(xué)生。
__________________________equipped, the stadium attracts a great many students after school.
3. (2017·全國(guó)乙卷)課堂上,你主要學(xué)習(xí)唐詩(shī)。唐詩(shī)體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化,而且深受中國(guó)人喜愛(ài)。
In the class, you will__________________________learn Tang poetry, which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is__________________________loved by Chinese.
4. (2017·全國(guó)甲卷)我真誠(chéng)地希望您能騰出時(shí)間來(lái)參加這個(gè)藝術(shù)展。
I__________________________hope you can set aside some time for the art exhibition.
5. (2016·北京卷)所有的人都因?yàn)檫@些意外的禮物感到開(kāi)心,尤其是孩子和老人。
All were very happy with those unexpected gifts,__________________________little kids and elderly people.
6. (2016·江蘇卷)網(wǎng)上投票變得日益流行起來(lái)。
Online voting becomes__________________________popular.
7. (2015·北京卷)我們圍著老手藝人專注地觀看,然后我們開(kāi)始自己嘗試。老人在我們身邊轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)去,耐心地幫助我們。
We stood around the craftsman and watched__________________________.__________________________we started to give it a shot ourselves. The old man walked around and helped us__________________________.
8. (2016·天津卷)給我們留下深刻印象的不僅是你們的熱情,還有你們的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。
It's__________________________your enthusiasm__________________________your teamwork that impress us.
9. (2015·浙江卷)毫不猶豫地,我決定跟著他們,而且那天我們的確過(guò)得很有意思。
__________________________, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.
10. (2015·江蘇卷)更糟糕的是,有些司機(jī)、騎自行車的人和行人不認(rèn)為遵守交通規(guī)則很重要。
__________________________, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.
11. ( 2019·全國(guó)乙卷)I'm confident that I'm qualified for the job. _____________(首先), I have a good command of both English and Chinese._____________(其次), I have relevant experience and know the duty of a volunteer better. _____________(再者), I can explain Chinese paintings in detail and offer help to whoever is in need._____________(總之), I'm the exact person you need.
12.(2018·全國(guó)乙卷)I do have some suggestions for you. _____________(第一), to show your politeness, you should arrive on time and never be late._____________(另外), you'd better bring some gifts that don't have to be of great value._____________(還有), it's chopsticks that we Chinese use when we eat,__________________________(所以) you'd better practice using them in advance.__________________________ (最后但同樣重要的), while chewing, you need to avoid making noise.
Step 4 語(yǔ)篇活用
假定你是某國(guó)際學(xué)校學(xué)生李越,學(xué)校圖書館需要購(gòu)置一批新書,現(xiàn)向?qū)W生征求意見(jiàn)。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給圖書館管理員Tony老師寫一封郵件,內(nèi)容包括:
1. 推薦書目;
2. 推薦理由。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)100左右;
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;
3. 開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Tony,
Hearing that our library is scheduled to buy some new books,
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
I'd be grateful if you could consider my appeal.
Yours,
Li Yue