徐小紅
彼得兔一家有一個小小的菜園。金秋時節(jié),菜園里的瓜果豐收了,彼得兔邀請刺猬、小豬和松鼠來參加豐收晚宴。
刺猬:There are so many vegebables on the table. 有這么多的蔬菜。
There are picked tomatoes and potatoes.有精選的西紅柿和土豆。
彼得兔:And there are a lot of carrots in my hands. Haha!
哈哈,我手里還有很多胡蘿卜呢!
松鼠:There’s some beer in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些啤酒。
There are five bottles of whisky. 有5瓶威士忌酒。
小豬:There’s some jam on the plate. 盤子里有果醬。
朋友們看到這么多美食,開心極了。他們嘰嘰喳喳地說著,笑著,分享著豐收的喜悅。
彼得兔的爸爸托馬斯先生驚訝地說:“真沒想到,這群孩子居然還會用There be句型!”媽媽比伊太太笑了起來:“可別小瞧他們?。『⒆觽冸m然調(diào)皮了點兒,可是學起語法來一點就通!”
There be句型表示存在,用來描述某地有某物。陳述句的結構為“There be +人/物+地點狀語”。
1. There be后接可數(shù)名詞時,如名詞是單數(shù),be動詞用is;名詞是復數(shù),be動詞則用are。如:
There is an orange on the table. 桌上有一個橘子。
There are many books on the bookshelf. 書架上有許多書。
2. 如果在同一個句子中既有單數(shù)名詞,又有復數(shù)名詞,那就要遵循“就近原則”,be動詞的變化取決于離它最近的那個名詞。如:
There is a car and two bikes in the picture.
圖中有一輛汽車和兩輛自行車。
There are two bikes and a car in the picture.
圖中有兩輛自行車和一輛汽車。
3. There be后如果接不可數(shù)名詞,be動詞用is。如:
There is some apple juice in the glass. 杯子里有一些蘋果汁。
★要特別注意下面這個句子:
There is a pair of shoes under the bed. 床底下有一雙鞋。
其中,a pair of的意思是“一雙”,是單數(shù),所以be動詞用is。
小貓:Look, there isn’t any fruit on the table now.看,桌上沒有水果了。
There aren’t any apples. 沒有蘋果。
There aren’t any grapes and peaches, either.也沒有葡萄和桃子。
小豬:There are no bananas. 沒有香蕉。
There are no oranges and pears, either. 也沒有橘子和梨子。
比伊:Is there any fruit on the table now? 現(xiàn)在桌上有水果嗎?
All: No, there isn’t.沒有。
“看來今年的水果格外好吃,大家很快就吃光了?!蓖旭R斯先生說道。比伊太太笑著說:“我們家還有很多水果呢,我再拿一些來?!?/p>
1. There be句型的否定形式,是在be動詞后面加not。其中有兩點要注意:首先,肯定句中表示“一些”用some,在否定句中應使用any;其次,isn’t = is not, aren’t = are not。如:
There isn’t a bird in the tree. 樹上沒有一只鳥。
There isn’t any juice in the bottle. 瓶子里沒有果汁。
There aren’t any cakes here.這兒沒有蛋糕。
2. 在be動詞的后面加上no表示“沒有”。如:
There is no milk at home. 家里沒有牛奶。
There are no books on the desk. 書桌上沒有書。
3. There be句型的一般疑問句,是把陳述句中的be動詞提到句首,句中如果有some改成any,句末標點改為問號。如:
Is there an egg on the plate? 盤子里有一個雞蛋嗎?
Is there any water in the glass? 這個杯子里有一些水嗎?
Are there any biscuits here? 這兒有一些餅干嗎?
根據(jù)具體情境中名詞的不同,回答有肯定和否定兩種形式:
Yes, there is /are.和No, there isn’t /aren’t.
大家端坐在餐桌前,品嘗著各種美食。閑談間,他們不禁想起了麥奎格爺爺。
松鼠:麥奎格爺爺在世的時候,把他的菜園子照顧得很好。
There were fresh cabbages and lettuces. 有新鮮的卷心菜和萵苣。
There were peas and beans, too. 還有豌豆和豆角。
彼得兔:There were many fruit trees in the garden. 菜園里還有許多果樹。
There was a scarecrow in the middle of the garden. My blue jacket was on it.菜園中間有個稻草人。我的藍色夾克穿在它身上。
But later, there were not any fresh vegetables and fruit in his garden.
但是后來,他的菜園里沒有新鮮的蔬菜和水果了。
一般過去時表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),There be句型在一般過去時中的用法和在一般現(xiàn)在時中的用法類似,但要把be 動詞is改成was, 把are改成were。如:
There was an old house on the hill. 山上有一座老房子。
There was some watermelon juice in the fridge. 冰箱里有一些西瓜汁。
There were many people in the park. 公園里有許多人。
There wasn’t a kite in the sky. 天空中沒有一只風箏。
There wasn’t a pair of socks on the sofa. 沙發(fā)上沒有一雙襪子。
There wasn’t any water in the glass. 杯子里沒有水。
There weren’t many balloons at the party. 舞會上沒有許多氣球。
Was there a little boy in the street? 街上有個小男孩嗎?
Was there any tea in the teapot? 茶壺里有一些茶嗎?
Were there many fish in the river? 小河里有許多魚嗎?
根據(jù)具體情境中名詞的不同,回答有肯定和否定兩種形式:
Yes, there was / were.和No, there wasn’t / weren’t.
刺猬:麥奎格爺爺雖然不在了,但他永遠在我們心中。
托馬斯:今天可是要慶祝豐收喲,讓我們一起舉杯吧!
Ouch, what’s in my glass? 哎喲, 我的杯子里有什么?
比伊: My god! There is a ladybird in your glass.
天啊,你的杯子里有一只瓢蟲。
There was a ladybird on the table just now.
剛才桌子上有一只瓢蟲。
托馬斯:Look carefully! How many ladybirds are there in my glass?
看仔細了!我杯子里有多少只瓢蟲?
比伊: Two! Two ladybirds! There are two ladybirds in your glass now.
兩只!兩只瓢蟲!你杯子里現(xiàn)在有兩只瓢蟲了。
彼得兔:Haha...
朋友們誰也不知道,杯子里的瓢蟲是淘氣包彼得兔偷偷放進去的!
There be句型的特殊疑問句:
1. 問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,用“How many +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+ are there +地點?”不管回答是單數(shù)還是復數(shù),問句都用復數(shù)形式。如:
How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少學生?
There is only one. 只有一個。
2. 問不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量用“How much + is there +地點?”如:
How much juice is there in the glass? 杯子里有多少果汁?
3. 問某地有什么,用“What’s +地點?”不管回答是單數(shù)還是復數(shù),問句都用“What’s”,如:
What’s in the room? 房間里有什么?
There are three beds. 有三張床。
★和sb. have / has sth.這一句型相比,There be句型強調(diào)存在,主語在be動詞之后,通常是物,也可以是人;Have 和has強調(diào)某人擁有某物,主語在前,通常是人。