詞匯短語(yǔ)園地

1. contain? vt.? 包含;包括;裝有;容納

The book contains twenty pictures.

這本書(shū)含有20幅圖。

The classroom can contain 60 people.

這個(gè)教室可容納60人。

比較：contain和include的區(qū)別

（1）contain側(cè)重所含的量與成分。

The basket contains a variety of fruits.

這個(gè)籃子里裝有各種水果。

This drink doesn’t contain any alcohol.

這種飲料不含任何酒精。

（2）include側(cè)重于對(duì)比整體與部分，指某整體包含或容納某部分。

The money I gave you included Xiao Zhang’s.

我給你的錢里包括了給小張的錢。

This dictionary is 100 yuan， postage included.

這本詞典連郵費(fèi)共一百元。

（3）include常以including（名詞或代詞前）或included（名詞或代詞后）的形式出現(xiàn)在短語(yǔ)中，用來(lái)舉例、解釋或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

There are ten of us here， including three girls.

= There are ten of us here， three girls included.

Everybody has something to say， me included.

= Everybody has something to say， including me.

2. design? vt. & n.? 設(shè)計(jì)

The experiment is designed to test the new medicine.

實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是試驗(yàn)新藥。

Who designed the Water Cube？

誰(shuí)設(shè)計(jì)了水立方？

This building is a bad design.

這棟樓是一個(gè)失敗的設(shè)計(jì)。

design for? 為……設(shè)計(jì)

be designed for/to do? 專為……而做（設(shè)置）

by design? 故意地;有意地

3. create? vt.? 創(chuàng)造;發(fā)明

An artist should create beautiful things.

一名藝術(shù)家應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造美麗的東西。

The government plans to create more jobs for young people.

政府計(jì)劃為年輕人創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

比較：discover，create，invent和find的區(qū)別

discover指發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物是本來(lái)存在但沒(méi)人知道的;create指創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)造新的事物;invent指發(fā)明，通過(guò)研究制造出從前沒(méi)有的東西;find指找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)找到某物的結(jié)果，不強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程。

4. shorten? vt.? 縮短

The days shorten in November in this country.

在這個(gè)國(guó)家，白天在十一月會(huì)變短。

Smoking can shorten your life.

吸煙會(huì)縮短你的壽命。

5. breakdown? n.? 故障;失敗;（身體）垮掉

I don’t know how to deal with the network breakdown.

我不知道如何處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障。

He couldn’t work after his breakdown.

他病倒以后，就不能工作了。

break down? 出故障;壞掉;失敗;垮掉;把……分成若干部分;分解

The machine has broken down.

這臺(tái)機(jī)器出故障了。

Our car broke down on the motorway.

我們的汽車在高速公路上拋錨了。

Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.

雙方談判失敗了。

Each lesson is broken down into several units.

每一課都分成幾單元。

Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.

糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。

6. disadvantage? n.? 不利因素;障礙;不便之處

There are disadvantages to the plan.

這個(gè)計(jì)劃有諸多不利因素。

What is the disadvantage of using water power？

使用水能有何弊端？

常用搭配：

to one’s disadvantage? 對(duì)某人不利

7. defence? n.? 保護(hù);防御;保衛(wèi)

defence后接入侵者或造成危害者用against;若其后接被保護(hù)者用of。

A thick coat is a good defence against the cold.

一件厚外套足可以御寒。

People used to build strong walls round their towns as a defence against enemies.

人們從前在城鎮(zhèn)四周修筑城墻來(lái)抵御敵人。

This fort was once the main defence of the island.

這座堡壘曾經(jīng)是這個(gè)島上的主要防御設(shè)施。

常用搭配：

in defence of? 保衛(wèi)……;為……辯護(hù)

They fought in defence of their country.

他們?yōu)楸Ｐl(wèi)祖國(guó)而戰(zhàn)。

Hundreds of people gave their lives in defence of freedom.

千百人為了自由獻(xiàn)出了自己的生命。

8. average? adj.? 平均的;一般的;普通的

（1）average表示“平均的”，通常只能放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)，不用作表語(yǔ)，且沒(méi)有比較級(jí)。

What was the average temperature yesterday？

昨天的平均氣溫是多少？

The average age of boys in this class is 15.

這個(gè)班男生的平均年齡為15歲。

（2）average表示“一般的;普通的”，可用作定語(yǔ)，也可用作表語(yǔ)。

He is just an average student.

他只是一個(gè)普通的學(xué)生。

There was nothing special about the film—it was only average.

這部電影沒(méi)什么特別的，只是一部普通的電影。

average? n.? 平均

above/below average? 平均水平以上 / 以下

on （an/the） average? 平均而言;根據(jù)平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

the average of? ……的平均數(shù)

an average of? （跟數(shù)詞）平均有

注意：the average of作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，意為“……的平均數(shù)”;“an average of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

9. independent? adj.? 獨(dú)立的;有主見(jiàn)的;分開(kāi)的

Mozambique became independent in 1975.

莫桑比克于1975年獨(dú)立。

My elder sister has moved away from home and is now independent.

我姐姐已經(jīng)搬出去住了，現(xiàn)在她獨(dú)立了。

常用搭配：

be independent of? 與……不相關(guān)的;不受……影響的

I am old enough to be independent of my parents.

我年紀(jì)足夠大了，可以不依賴父母了。

10. consist of? 由……組成

consist of常用整體作主語(yǔ)，表示“整體由部分組成”，引申為“包含有”，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

This necklace consists of gold and diamond.

這條項(xiàng)鏈由黃金和鉆石組成。

The city consists of five districts.

這個(gè)城市有五個(gè)區(qū)。

11. as well? 也

as well多用于口語(yǔ)中，語(yǔ)氣較輕。通常用于肯定句或疑問(wèn)句，一般不用于否定句，且通常放在句末。

I’ll come to London， and my sister will come as well.

我會(huì)來(lái)倫敦，我的妹妹也會(huì)來(lái)。

Are they coming as well？

他們也來(lái)嗎？

12. concentrate on? 聚精會(huì)神;集中思想

其后可直接接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。

I can’t concentrate on my studies.

我無(wú)法集中精神學(xué)習(xí)。

Right now we should concentrate on doing some things for our plan.

現(xiàn)在我們應(yīng)該集中精力為我們的計(jì)劃做些事。

13. compared with? 與……相比

Compared with our small apartment， our uncle’s house seemed like a palace.

跟我們的小公寓比起來(lái)，叔叔的房子就像宮殿。

How does life in Britain compared with life in the United States？

與美國(guó)的生活相比，英國(guó)的生活如何？

compare...to...? 把……比作……

compare...with...? 把……和……做比較

14. become/be known as? 作為……而出名;叫作……;

被稱為……

She was known as an excellent dancer.

她作為一名優(yōu)秀的舞蹈家而聞名。

These chocolate bars are known as something else in the US.

這種巧克力棒在美國(guó)有別的叫法。

（1）be known for? 因……而眾所周知

He was known for his frankness.

他以坦率著稱。

（2）be known to? 為……所知

He’s known to the police because of his previous criminal record.

他因以前的犯罪記錄而為警察所知。

15. go down? 倒下;（船等）下沉，沉沒(méi)，下降;

（將食物、飲料）吞下，咽下，喝下;（物價(jià)等）下跌;（溫度等）下降;（日、月）落到地平線下，落下

She stripped and went down with a bump.

她絆了一下，重重地倒在地上。

The ship went down with all on board.

這條船連船帶人都沉沒(méi)了。

A glass of wine would go down very nicely.

能喝一杯葡萄酒就太痛快了。

The price of eggs is going down.

蛋價(jià)正在下降。

The color of the sky deepened as the sun went down.

夕陽(yáng)西下，天空的顏色漸趨深暗。

16. come up with? 提出;趕上

We weren’t able to come up with any new suggestions.

我們提不出任何新建議。

We came up with a group of tourists.

我們趕上了一群旅游者。

名言警句

The most important thing in communication is hearing what isn’t said. By Peter F. Drucker

與人溝通，最重要的是能聽(tīng)出言外之意。 ——彼得·F·德魯克

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A

All around the world， an increasing number of people are spending their time taking part in online volunteering projects. What encourages them to help strangers without expectation of money or even thanks？

Radha Taralekar helped teach Imelda how to protect herself from HIV， though the two have never met， and neither knows the other’s name. Taralekar received no payment for the job. For Taralekar， the project gave her the chance to use her professional experience. “I want to serve people with my medical knowledge，” she said. For some， the inspiration to volunteer online was far more personal. After losing his wife to cancer， Tony Selman spent many hours online helping Cancer Research to collect information on the illness. “Seeing how painful she was when my wife was dying， I decided to help scientists find a way to treat cancer，” he said.

Interests and hobbies are also one of the reasons. Sam Luk joined other online volunteers to try to help the police solve murder cases. The police posted them online， calling for volunteers to help them to make sense of the messages. “I am interested in this and I love Sherlock Holmes，” said Luk.

For writer Clay Shirky， some large online volunteering projects help millions of people， giving him a sense of achievement. He helps write Wikipedia， the world’s biggest encyclopedia （百科全書(shū)）， which is written by people willing to use their professional knowledge.

1. We can infer that Radha Taralekar may be a ___ .

A. teacher B. doctor

C. writer D. policewoman

2. Why did Tony Selman decide to help Cancer Research？

A. His wife died of cancer.

B. He had much time to spend online.

C. He saw many people die of cancer.

D. He was a member of Cancer Research.

3. Sam Luk volunteered to help the police because of ___ .

A. his interests and hobbies

B. a sense of achievement

C. the money in return

D. his duty of work

4. How many reasons are mentioned why people help strangers online？

A. Two. B. Three.

C. Four. D. Five.

B

You have probably heard the saying， “When life gives you lemons， make lemonade.” Since lemons are considered bitter and lemonade is considered sweet， the saying tells you to make the best out of a bad situation.

Unfortunately， when something bad happens， its not uncommon for most people to talk about it to anyone who’ll listen， and complain （抱怨） about life， “Why me？” That’s like getting a bag of lemons， putting them down， and thinking， “Lemons taste bad！ I’d rather have chocolate！” If you don’t make anything with the lemons， they will go bad. But what if you did something with them？ What if you made lemonade？ Isn’t it possible to do something similar with a bad situation？

Here’s an example. Let’s say you’re about to go to the movies， but you discover you have a flat tire （癟胎）. You consider this a terrible thing. After all， you are really looking forward to spending some time with Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone. Now you’re all stressed out， hating the tire， the car， and your life. But what if you called AAA， got your tire fixed or got caught up on things that you’d been meaning to do？ What if you did some reading， or had coffee with a friend instead？ A negative experience can be turned into something positive. Almost everything can work itself out into something better. You can’t change what has happened. So make the best of it. I’m not saying it will be easy. The easy thing to do is complain about your bad situation and not consider what it could be turned into.

Next time when some unfortunate things happen， stop and think， “How can I turn this around？ How can I make it a positive experience？” You needn’t fear difficulties. As long as you keep on changing it， you will see the benefits at last.

5. What can we say about the saying in Paragraph 1？

A. It is encouraging. B. It is attractive.

C. It is negative. D. It is funny.

6. What do most people usually do when something bad happens？

A. Accept it. B. Complain about it.

C. Ask others for help. D. Find out the reasons.

7. The author uses the example of seeing a movie to tell us ___ .

A. how to deal with tire flat

B. it doesn’t matter to make mistakes

C. meeting film stars is a very exciting thing

D. how to turn something bad into something good

8. According to the text， what is the best way to deal with a bad situation？

A. Trying hard to solve it.

B. Laughing your way through it.

C. Thinking more about its benefits.

D. Turning it into a positive experience actively.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

完形填空

My daughter was three years old. She was going to a playschool， which had day boarding facilities （寄宿設(shè)施）. After ， the kids would sleep for 2 to 3 hours. So she was very? and active in the evening and always wanted to? till midnight. By that time， I was totally? after a whole day’s work in the office and at home.

One day， as usual she was not? to go to bed. She was crying aloud， “I want to play more. No? time now.” I held her in my arms and wiped her tears. She stopped crying. I told her， “If you? happily without crying， a beautiful? will come to you in your sleep.” While I was? the beauty of the angel， she lowered her? to my shoulder and she was asleep in a few minutes.

Many days passed. She still slept late， but? cried again while going to sleep.

One day， when coming back in the evening， I? she was feeling sleepy. Soon I cooked something for her and made her . That day， she slept early.

I went to the? and prepared the dinner. Then， I also thought of going to bed early. Suddenly I saw a? smile on her face. Soon， she started? quietly. That was very . Never had it happened like this. It lasted for a few . Soon she was deep in sleep.

The next morning she? early. Sitting up in bed， she called me， “Mama， an angel had come to me yesterday. She

me on my forehead and her face was just like yours.”

1. A. school B. class C. games D. lunch

2. A. small B. fresh C. clever D. strong

3. A. play B. read C. rest D. walk

4. A. pleased B. worried C. tired D. disappointed

5. A. patient B. full C. sure D. ready

6. A. washing B. sleeping C. drinking D. writing

7. A. sleep B. wait C. listen D. study

8. A. flower B. bird C. angel D. girl

9. A. sharing B. checking C. enjoying D. describing

10. A. hand B. head C. foot D. leg

11. A. never B. sometimes C. always D. often

12. A. heard B. noticed C. forgot D. hoped

13. A. run B. smile C. eat D. stand

14. A. window B. bed C. bathroom D. kitchen

15. A. sweet B. sad C. shy D. polite

16. A. thinking B. watching C. laughing D. moving

17. A. important B. special C. lucky D. difficult

18. A. seconds B. hours C. days D. weeks

19. A. set out B. came back C. got up D. sat down

20. A. struck B. felt C. hit D. kissed

語(yǔ)法填空

Are you facing a situation? makes you feel upset？ To be honest， I am.

I usually start the morning by checking the social networking website Facebook， only? （see） that I’ve already fallen behind. A workmate has written a new book. Two of my? （hero） have completed a big project. One of my old college friends has posted a video for an online program she? （take） at the moment. She looks? （success）， shiny and charming while I’m still in bed， bleary-eyed.

Am I really falling behind？ Did these people post any of these things to make me feel bad？

The answer is no. It’s? （terrible） easy to see social media as a reminder of all the things I’m not doing and dreams I’m not fulfilling. It is not a social problem but a comparison problem. All these years I? （learn） one thing： Don’t compare your insides? someone else’s outsides. You have no idea? it took for other people to get where they are. Don’t act like it was effortless or pure luck. It’s much? （easy） to look at someone “up there” and be curious about what they have than to be happy for them and make yours better.

1.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5.

6.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 7.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 8.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 9.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 10.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A

Samuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall， England. He never studied the piano. However， he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts. Then he thinks about the notes in his head. Two years ago， he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata（奏鳴曲） by Beethoven. He surprised everyone around him.

Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly， his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable. They say his ability is very rare， but Samuel doesn’t even realize that what he can do is special. Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents， but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now， he studies law and music.

Samuel can’t understand why everyone is so surprised. “I grew up with music. My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. About two years ago， I suddenly decided to start playing the piano， without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me—I hear the note and can bear them in mind—each and every note，” says Samuel.

Recently， Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college. The piece had more than a thousand notes. The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can’t play it. Samuel says confidently， “It’s all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.”

However， Samuel’s ability to remember things doesn’t stop with music. His family says that even when he was a young boy， Samuel heard someone read a story， and then he could retell the story word for word.

Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesn’t know what he wants to do in the future. For now， he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.

1. What is special about Samuel Osmond？

A. He has a gift for writing music.

B. He can write down the note he hears.

C. He is a top student at a law school.

D. He can play the musical piece he hears.

2. What can we learn about Samuel from Paragraph 2？

A. He chose law against the wish of his parents.

B. He planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.

C. He thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.

D. He studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.

3. Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he ___ .

A. could play the piano without reading music

B. could play the guitar better than his father

C. received a good early education in music

D. played the guitar and the piano perfectly

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. The Qualities of a Musician

B. The Story of a Musical Talent

C. The Importance of Early Education

D. The Relationship Between Memory and Music

B

Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse according to doctors. I feel there are a number of reasons for this.

Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded （包圍） by shops selling unhealthy， fatty foods， such as fried chicken and ice cream， at low prices. This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there were fewer of these restaurants， then probably children would buy less take-away food.

There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight. I agree with this， because good eating habits begin early in life， long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food， or are always allowed to choose what they eat， they will go for sweet and salty foods every time， and this will carry on throughout their lives.

There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days take very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they get home， they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games. Not only is this an unhealthy pastime （消遣）， it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food. What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.

The above are the main reasons for this problem， and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active， as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.

5. What is the main reason for children’s overweight according to Paragraph 2？

A. They can’t choose what to eat.

B. They are too busy to go out and play.

C. Their parents often cook meals for them.

D. There are too many fast food shops around.

6. People may eat more unhealthy food if they often ___ .

A. take exercise

B. walk to school

C. watch television

D. have meals at home

7. What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean？

A. Forcing. B. Guiding.

C. Driving. D. Moving.

8. What is the main purpose of the text？

A.To tell a story. B.To provide facts.

C. To give advice. D.To compare opinions.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀七選五

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.? By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

1. Curiosity

Your children need to be deeply curious.? Ask kids， “What ingredients （配料） can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？ What could we try next time？

2. Creativity

True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.? There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.

3. Personal skills

Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside our own head， but what about others？ Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. “Why do you think she’s crying？” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？” “If someone were to do that to you， how would you feel？”

4. Self-expression

There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music， acting， drawing， building， photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can’t forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist？

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

1.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5.

完形填空

In a small village， there lived a potter （陶工） who had a donkey. Every day his donkey would carry soil from the field to his house. Because the 1 was quite far off， the potter would 2 under a tree midway， 3 his donkey nearby.

One day， the potter 4 to take the rope with which he tied the donkey every day. When he reached the 5 ， he thought， “How do I tie this donkey today？ He might run away if I 6 .” The potter decided to lie down holding the donkey’s 7 while sleeping.

But this way， neither the donkey nor the potter was able to take a rest. A saint （圣人）， who 8 to be passing by， saw the potter holding on to the donkey’s ears. When the potter told the saint what the 9 was， the saint said， “Take the donkey to the place where you tie him every day. 10 to tie him using an imaginary rope. I 11 you he won’t run away.” The potter did what the saint had said.

He left the donkey and went to take a nap. When he woke up， to his 12 and relief， he found the donkey standing in the 13 place.

Soon the potter prepared to leave for 14 . But the donkey didn’t 15 . “What is wrong with this donkey？！” 16 the potter in frustration.

17 ， the potter saw the wise saint again. He told him about the donkey’s 18 behavior. The saint said， “You tied up the donkey， but did you untie him？ Go and pretend to untie the rope.” The potter 19 the saint’s advice.

Now the donkey was ready to leave for home. The potter understood that his donkey was a bonded （被束縛的） donkey. He thanked the wise saint and went home 20 with his donkey.

1. A. distance B. tree C. field D. village

2. A. stand B. rest C. sing D. dance

3. A. training B. walking C. feeding D. tying

4. A. forgot B. decided C. wanted D. agreed

5. A. stone B. tree C. bridge D. house

6. A. work B. leave C. sleep D. stop

7. A. ears B. nose C. legs D. tail

8. A. failed B. tried C. happened D. managed

9. A. animal B. problem C. place D. result

10. A. Learn B. Consider C. Wish D. Pretend

11. A. promise B. believe C. warn D. remind

12. A. anger B. surprise C. regret D. interest

13. A. different B. special C. same D. wrong

14. A. home B. ground C. factory D. town

15. A. stand B. move C. run D. understand

16. A. laughed B. cheered C. replied D. cried

17. A. Similarly B. Luckily C. Finally D. Normally

18. A. funny B. foolish C. common D. strange

19. A. offered B. followed C. refused D. thanked

20. A. sadly B. bravely C. seriously D. happily

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（五）

閱讀理解

In order to help cope with the vast number of student questions in the online class， Knowledge-Based Artificial （人工的） Intelligence， Professor Goel developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech’s online Master of Science in Computer Science program. Professor Goel already had eight teaching assistants， but that wasn’t enough to handle the vast number of daily questions from students.

Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered， their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson， which is based on the IBM Watson platform.

Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums. At first the virtual assistant wasn’t too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all the 40，000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to fed Jill with the questions and answers. After some adjustment and ample （足夠的） time， Jill was able to answer the students’ questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students didn’t know she was a computer. The students who were studying artificial intelligence， were interacting with the virtual assistant and couldn’t tell it from a real human being. Goel didn’t inform them about Jill’s true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.

The goal of Professor Goel’s virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all the questions posed by students on the online forum. The name Jill Watson will， of course， change to something else next semester.

1. What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence？

A. It’s a robot that can answer students’ questions.

B. It’s a course designed for students to learn online.

C. It’s a computer program that aids student learning.

D. It’s a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.

2. What does the underlined word “remedy” in Paragraph 2 mean？

A. Explain. B. Improve. C. End. D. Fit.

3. What do we learn about Jill Watson？

A. She turned out to be a great success.

B. She was unwelcome to students at first.

C. She got along pretty well with students.

D. She was released online as an experiment.

4. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson？

A. Upgrade her intelligence to the level of top scientists.

B. Encourage students to interact with her more freely.

C. Assign her to answer more of students’ questions.

D. Launch different versions of her online.

閱讀七選五

Five Ways to Stay Healthy in Winter

Feeling the cold？ The following tips can keep you active as the winter coldness comes.

If you train in the afternoon or evening， plan your day ahead so you don’t have to go home before visiting the gym. It’s really difficult to leave the house once you get home and become comfortable.

Make the most of every moment.

Look for ways to connect exercise with your activities. At lunch time， go for a 20-minute walk.? These breaks will warm you up and are a great way to refresh your mind and get you ready for a productive （高效的） afternoon.

Don’t let a cold cancel your habit.

If you do catch a cold， try gentler activities to keep good habits. Keeping your habit will make it easier to get back into your regular program.

Book an active midwinter escape.

A short trip to a sunny place can help you beat the winter blues and offer an excellent chance to get active as well. Try fun activities such as snorkelling or mountain biking. For those a little more daring， how about trying a cycling tour or hiking adventure？

Be positive.

Most important of all is to approach your winter exercise habit with a positive mind.? Winter is an ideal time to lose weight as your metabolism （新陳代謝） naturally speeds up to help keep you warm.

A. The possibilities are endless！

B. Go straight to the gym after work.

C. Make exercise part of your daily life.

D. Try a lunchtime boxing or yoga class.

E. Taking regular exercise in winter keeps you away from illness.

F. Illness is a common problem in keeping a winter exercise habit.

G. After all， there are some excellent advantages of exercising in winter.

1.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（六）

選詞填空

用方框里單詞的正確形式填空，使其句意完整。有兩個(gè)詞是多余的。

compare definite defence permission short independent

invention contain average frequent design disadvantage

1. This library ____ a large number of books in foreign languages.

2. The computer is one of the most important ____ in the world.

3. You can’t take photos here without ____ .

4. The book ____ to be used in two ways.

5. The washing machine has two serious ____ .

6. He comes to visit me ____ ， usually three or four times a week.

7. A week ago you made a（n） ____ promise.

8. In China farming is no longer completely ___ on the weather.

9. My teacher asked me to ____ the report to one page.

10. I’m quite a patient person， ____ with him.

句子翻譯

1. 委員會(huì)由十人組成。（consist of）

2. 油價(jià)正在下跌。（go down）

3. 開(kāi)車時(shí)駕駛員的注意力要集中在路上。（concentrate on）

4. 人們都認(rèn)為那是市內(nèi)最危險(xiǎn)的地段。（be known as）

5. 我想你錯(cuò)了。你應(yīng)該拿出更好的想法。（come up with）

短文改錯(cuò)

Dear Editor，

Now many students have iPods and regard them as their most favorite. Use an iPod， we can listen to music， download a lot of learning materials and read it on the screen. Certainly， it is great help to our study， especially to our English listening.

Some students， however， bring their iPods to classroom and listen to music with earphones， which make the teacher and other students angrily. What’s bad， some of them even waste precious time in class play video games.

In my opinion， the classroom is a place that students should concentrate in study. What’s more， some rules should be made to guide the students to use iPods properly.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

書(shū)面表達(dá)

假定你是李華，最近你的美國(guó)網(wǎng)友James寫(xiě)了封郵件和你討論“不文明網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語(yǔ)”的話題。請(qǐng)你就此給他回封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.簡(jiǎn)述現(xiàn)狀及危害;

2.你的建議。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)：100左右;

2.郵件的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

Dear James，

How are you going？ I miss you very much. I’m writing to you to talk about the uncivilized words used on Internet.? ? ? ? ? ?

Yours，

Li Hua

Father of World Wide Web

萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)之父

Tim Berners Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to the foundation of the World Wide Web.

Britain played an important part in developing the first generation of computers. The parents of Tim Berners Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial computers and talked about their work at home. As a child he would build models of computers from packaging material. After graduating from Oxford University he went on to the real thing. In the 1980s， scientists were already using a primitive version of email. While working at a laboratory in Switzerland Tim Berners Lee wrote a program which let him store these messages.

In 1990 he wrote the HTTP and HTML programs which form the basis of the World Wide Web.? The next year his programs were placed on to the Internet. Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could. Programmers used his codes to work with different operating systems. New things like web browsers and search engines were developed. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100，000.

In 1994 Tim Berners Lee formed the newly formed World Wide Web Consortium or W3C. More than 200 leading companies and laboratories are represented by W3C. Together they make sure that everyone can participate equally on the Web.

蒂姆·伯納斯·李寫(xiě)的軟件程序奠定了萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)。

在發(fā)展第一代電腦中，英國(guó)發(fā)揮了重要作用。蒂姆·伯納斯·李的父母都為最早的商業(yè)電腦公司工作，他們常在家里談?wù)摴ぷ?。還是孩子的時(shí)候，蒂姆·伯納斯·李就會(huì)用包裝材料建立計(jì)算機(jī)模型;從牛津大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他就開(kāi)始真正著手關(guān)于電腦方面的東西。在20世紀(jì)80年代，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)使用了原始版本的電子郵件。當(dāng)在瑞士一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作時(shí)，蒂姆·伯納斯·李寫(xiě)了一個(gè)程序，有了這個(gè)程序他就能保存這些消息。

1990年，他寫(xiě)的超文本傳送協(xié)議和超文本標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言的程序構(gòu)成了萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)。第二年，他的程序被放置到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，每個(gè)人都可以使用并能夠改善這些程序。程序員使用他的編碼在不同的操作系統(tǒng)上運(yùn)行。網(wǎng)頁(yè)瀏覽器和搜索引擎這類新事物被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)。在1991年到1994年，網(wǎng)頁(yè)數(shù)量從10個(gè)上升到十萬(wàn)個(gè)。

1994年，蒂姆·伯納斯·李成立了新的世界萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)聯(lián)盟或稱W3C。W3C代表200多家領(lǐng)先公司和實(shí)驗(yàn)室。他們共同確保每個(gè)人都能平等地參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

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