所謂線索法,指的是根據(jù)文章上下文所提供的故事背景和語境線索進行推理和判斷,從而確定最佳答案。具體說來有以下幾種行之有效的方法。
1.巧用語意轉(zhuǎn)折線索解題
有些句子含有表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊倪B詞、副詞或副詞短語,如but, though, although, instead, however, on the contrary, otherwise等,我們可利用這些暗示來解決問題。有時也可能沒有這些詞語的出現(xiàn)。如:
A formal letter is very different from an informal letter. Formal letters ___1___ to businesses, schools or government offices. ___2___? letters are for relatives, or former(以前的) teachers. You may write an informal letter by hand, but you should ___3___ a formal letter.
1. A. send? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. are written? ? ? ? C. write? ? ? ? ? ? D. are dropped
2. A. Informal? ? ? ? ? B. Formal? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. Business? ? ? ? D. Relative
3. A. copy? ? ? ? ? ? B. type? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. write? ? ? ? ? ? D. share
【解析】
1. 選B。該句缺少謂語動詞,而寫信應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。該句意為“正式書信是寫給商業(yè)部門、學?!?。D雖用了被動,但搭配不當。drop sb a line為“給人寫信(短信)”。
2. 選A。前面說的是正式書信,這里說的是寫給親戚、好友或以前的老師的,較隨便,即非正式書信。
3. 選B。通過but可知,此處說的是非正式書信與正式書信的寫作方式的不同,非正式書信可以手寫,但正式書信要正規(guī)得多,得打字。
2.巧用因果關(guān)系線索解題
即根據(jù)上下文的因果關(guān)系進行推斷,從而得出所需答案。如:
It was a strange noise that made the man ___1___ his car soon after he left a village ___2___ London. He got out of his car and ___3___ the wheels[車輪] carefully, but as he found nothing ___4___ he continued his way.
1. A. start? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. stop? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. slow? ? ? ? ? ? D. speed
2. A. to? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. for? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. from? ? ? ? ? ? D. of
3. A. repaired? ? ? B. examined? ? ? ? ? C. cleaned? ? ? ? ? D. looked
4. A. wrong? ? ? ? ? B. danger? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. interesting? ? ? D. matter
【解析】
1. 選B。他在去倫敦的路上,一陣奇怪的聲音驅(qū)使他把車停了下來。這可從He got out of his car…推測出來。
2. 選B。leave…for…是個固定短語,意為“離開……到……”。
3. 選B。在聽到奇怪的聲音后,他停下車來仔細檢查輪胎(看看出現(xiàn)了什么問題)。
4. 選A。從下句“他又繼續(xù)趕路了”可知,“因為他沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)毛病”。nothing wrong意為“沒有毛病”。
3.巧用具體示例線索解題
即根據(jù)文章中所提供的具體實例進行分析,將與具體示例有關(guān)的信息進行優(yōu)選,將與具體示例無關(guān)的信息進行排除,從而便可得出所需答案。如:
Every student must wear their ___1___ when they are at school. There are ___2___ items of uniforms: suits, dresses, shorts, skirts and T-shirts. There are also Wasley schoolbags, caps and socks.
1. A. long hair B. thick glasses C. sports shoes D. school uniforms
2. A. much B. three C. many D. a lot
【解析】
1. 選D。本段談?wù)摰氖窃谛I┬7氖虑?,而不是穿運動鞋,蓄長發(fā)、戴墨鏡并不是學校所提倡的。
2. 選C。suits, dresses, shorts, skirts and T-shirts等是服裝的個例,前面只有填“校服”才與之相配。
4.巧用同義反義線索解題
Though he is serious in appearance, he never fails to be interesting. Often he is clever, sometimes even ______ and gay…
A. worried? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. bright? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. discouraging? ? ?D. friendly
【解析】
從Often he is clever來看,此處話題談?wù)摰氖恰八闹腔?聰明”,而even一詞也暗示此處應(yīng)填bright,因bright與clever為同義詞,均為“聰明”。
As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and Id like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad ______ me.
A. controlled B. comforted C. reminded D. raised
【解析】
句中的 in the same way 告訴我們,空格處所填動詞應(yīng)與前面的動詞 bring up(培養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育)同義,比較四個選項,答案顯然是 D項。
5.巧用邏輯順序線索解題
即根據(jù)文章所提供的內(nèi)容,同時結(jié)合一定的生活常識,對所推斷的內(nèi)容進行邏輯推理和邏輯順序。如:
I went to Wasley College with Winnic today. Wasley is a large, old ___1___. It has three branch campuses[分校]: Clunes, Glen Waverly and Elasterwick. It has a primary school, a ___2___ school and a senior school. So there are twelve grades of ___3___ studying there.
1. A. school? ? ? ? ? ? B. factory? ? ? ? ? ? C. movie? ? ? D. hospital
2. A. night? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. junior? ? ? ? ? ? ?C. high? ? ? ? D. spare-time
3. A. workers? ? ? ? ? B. boys? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. students? D. teachers
【解析】
1. 選A。從下句話It has three branch campuses來看,Wasley是一所學校。
2. 選B。從空缺處所在的位置來看,界于primary和senior之間的學校當然屬于junior。這就是說是順序推測出來的。
3. 選C。既然是在此學習,他們當然是students了。
6. 巧用語篇標志線索解題
語篇一般指比單個句子長的語言單位,如句群、段落、篇章等。語篇與語篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語,這些詞語可稱為語篇標志。如:表示結(jié)果層次的語篇標志語有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等;表示邏輯關(guān)系的有thus, therefore, so等;表示改變話題的有by the way等;表示時間關(guān)系的有before, so far, yet, now, later等。在做完形填空題時,如果能充分利用這些語篇標志語,就可以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò),弄清上下文的關(guān)系。如:
First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching…______, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk…Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. (全國卷)
A. Later? ? ? ? ? ? B. Secondly? C. However? D. Therefore
【解析】
選B??忌绻⒁獾搅宋恼律舷挛闹械恼Z篇標志詞語first of all 和 finally,再比較四個選項,顯然只有選secondly 最恰當。
7. 巧用結(jié)構(gòu)對比線索解題
在做完形填空題時,有時會遇到兩個結(jié)構(gòu)十分相似的句子,此時同學們應(yīng)認真比較其結(jié)構(gòu)特點,或根據(jù)其相似性推斷空格處所填之詞,或根據(jù)文章的上下文語境判斷兩個(或幾個)相似結(jié)構(gòu)之間的邏輯關(guān)系。如:
I realized strength and courage arent always measured in medals and victories, but in the struggles we overcome[戰(zhàn)勝]. The strongest people are not always the people who win, ______ the people who dont give up when they lose.
A. or? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. nor? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C.? and? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. but
【解析】
句中的 the people who win 與 the people who dont give up when they lose 是兩個表達十分相似的結(jié)構(gòu),比較其中的win和lose可知,前后兩個結(jié)構(gòu)屬對比關(guān)系,估計應(yīng)填but,再結(jié)合句中的not,并聯(lián)想 not…but…句式,可以推知,此題最佳答案應(yīng)選 D。
The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the ______ than from the below. (遼寧卷)
A. clouds? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. sky? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. air? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. above
【解析】
more from…than from… 是一個明顯用于對比的結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)后面的the below可知,前面應(yīng)是 the above,即答案選 D。
8. 巧用語境暗示線索解題
有的空格根據(jù)所在句的句意或附近上下文的語境我們無法作出正確的選擇,要想作出正確判斷,同學們應(yīng)特別注意空格前后所出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞語,尤其注意找出其中重復出現(xiàn)的暗示性詞語。如:
Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the ______ have made up their minds to ring the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest[抗議] against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street. (全國卷)
A. college? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. village? ? ? ? ? ? C. town? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. church
【解析】
選 D。若僅就本句內(nèi)容來看,此題答案不好選擇,但當我們讀到文章末尾處的 I mean we are assistant bell ringers for the church時,我們才便可根據(jù)其中的 church 一詞作出判斷。
But then again, would there be a chair in Room 316? Or would it be a(n) ______ room?
A. small? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. empty? ? ? ? ? ? C. new? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. neat
【解析】
選 B。若僅從本句來看,似乎四個選項都不錯,但要想確定其中的最佳答案,考生應(yīng)注意到文章后半部分的 But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all! It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and seven paintings on the walls.這一句。