祝鳳桂 陳洪宇
[關(guān)鍵詞] 陳洪宇;IgA腎病;病因病機(jī);治療經(jīng)驗(yàn)
[中圖分類號(hào)] R692.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2021)21-0135-04
Professor Chen Hongyu′s experience in treating IgA nephropathy
ZHU Fenggui? ?CHEN Hongyu
Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou 310007, China
[Abstract] This article summarizes the experience of Professor CHEN Hongyu in the diagnosis and treatment of IgA nephropathy from the understanding of the history of doctors, etiology and pathogenesis, treatment principles, and treatment methods, and examples of medical records. IgA nephropathy′s etiology and pathogenesis were explored based on the knowledge of physicians of the past dynasties. Professor CHEN Hongyu proposed that the deficiency of both Qi and Yin is the most critical pathological basis for the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.Qi stagnation, rheumatism,damp heat,and blood stasis are critical pathogenic factors.Cold pathogens, heat pathogens,wind pathogens, etc. are important inducements. Attention should be paid to the application of dispelling wind and promoting lung and relieving appearance, replenishing qi and nourishing yin, invigorating spleen and kidney, promoting qi, dispelling wind and removing dampness, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in IgA nephropathy.The clinical practice proved that Professor CHEN Hongyu′s experience in the diagnosis and treatment of IgA nephropathy has a good effect,which can be used as a reference for colleagues.
[Key words] CHEN Hongyu; IgA nephropathy; Etiology and pathogenesis; Treatment experience
陳洪宇教授系浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬廣興醫(yī)院主任醫(yī)師,博士生導(dǎo)師,從事臨床教學(xué)科研工作20余年,擅長(zhǎng)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療IgA腎病、急慢性腎炎、慢性腎衰竭、紫癜性腎炎、痛風(fēng)性腎病、糖尿病腎病等多種腎臟疾病。筆者長(zhǎng)期跟隨陳洪宇教授門診,發(fā)現(xiàn)陳洪宇教授治療IgA腎病屢有良效,故將陳洪宇教授診治IgA腎病的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié),以飧同道。
IgA腎病是一組以IgA為主的免疫復(fù)合物在腎小球系膜區(qū)沉積,系膜細(xì)胞不斷增殖活化,臨床表現(xiàn)為反復(fù)發(fā)作肉眼性血尿或鏡下血尿,伴或不伴蛋白尿、水腫、高血壓的慢性腎小球腎炎。是我國最為常見的腎小球疾病之一,也是我國導(dǎo)致慢性腎衰竭、終末期腎臟病最常見的原發(fā)性疾病之一[1]。IgA腎病在診斷后5~25年內(nèi),約有15%~40%患者會(huì)發(fā)展為終末期腎病而不得不接受腎臟替代治療[2]。目前IgA腎病發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全闡明,西醫(yī)治療包括ACEI、ARB、激素、免疫抑制劑等,目前尚無統(tǒng)一治療方法。中醫(yī)治療IgA腎病頗有良效,故從中醫(yī)論治IgA腎病越來越受到醫(yī)家們的關(guān)注。
1 歷代醫(yī)家認(rèn)識(shí)
古代醫(yī)著中未見IgA腎病病名,根據(jù)其臨床表現(xiàn)歸為“尿血”“尿濁”“腎風(fēng)”等范疇。最早可見于《素問·氣厥論篇》:“腎足少陰之脈,起于小指之下,斜走足心,出于然谷之下,循內(nèi)踝之后,別入跟中,以上腨內(nèi),出腘內(nèi)廉,上股內(nèi)后廉,貫脊,屬腎,絡(luò)膀胱。其直者,從腎上貫肝膈,入肺中,循喉嚨,夾舌本……是主腎所生病者,口熱舌干,咽腫上氣,噫干及痛。”提出肺、喉、腎三者關(guān)系密切,外感風(fēng)寒、風(fēng)熱等邪,可客居于肺,通過喉,沿腎經(jīng)下流于腎,從而損傷腎絡(luò)。李東垣[3]曰“脾胃氣虛則下流于腎?!薄端貑枴ぶ琳嬉笳摗吩疲骸皾駳獯髞恚林畡僖?,寒水受邪,腎病生焉?!逼⑽笧闅庋矗染⒒匝鲑囉谄?,脾主統(tǒng)血,為氣機(jī)升降之樞紐,脾氣虛不固則尿血,脾氣虛不能運(yùn)化,痰濕內(nèi)生,壅于腎絡(luò),致腎絡(luò)損傷,血不歸經(jīng)故尿血,另外可致氣機(jī)阻滯,瘀血內(nèi)生?!吨T病源候論·血病諸候·小便血候》[4]載:“心主于血,與小腸合。若心家有熱,結(jié)于小腸,故小便血也。”。心與小腸相表里,如心火旺盛,可下移于小腸,實(shí)熱灼傷血絡(luò),可見尿血?!恫痪印ぜ撗C》[5]載:“實(shí)火之血,順氣為先,氣行則血自歸經(jīng);虛火之血,扶正為先,氣壯則自能攝血”?;鹩刑搶?shí)之分,如為氣滯氣郁化火,行氣為先,氣行則火自滅;如為虛火,當(dāng)以補(bǔ)氣,氣盛則能攝血?!端貑枴に疅嵫ㄕ摗罚骸坝露鴦谏鮿t腎汗出,腎汗出逢于風(fēng),內(nèi)不得入于臟腑,外不得越于皮膚,客于玄府,行于皮里,傳為胕腫,本之于腎,名曰風(fēng)水?!薄吨T病源候論》[4]:“風(fēng)水病者,由脾腎氣虛弱所為也。腎勞則虛,虛則汗出,汗出逢風(fēng),風(fēng)氣內(nèi)入,還客于腎,脾虛又不能制于水,故水散溢皮膚,又與風(fēng)濕相搏,故云風(fēng)水也?!薄帮L(fēng)邪入于少陰,則尿血?!薄蹲C治要決》[6]:“有一身之間,唯面與雙腳浮腫,早起則面甚,晚則腳甚。經(jīng)云:面腫為風(fēng),腳腫為水,乃風(fēng)濕所致。須問其大小腑門通閉,別其陰陽二證?!?。醫(yī)家們提出風(fēng)在腎病中的重要作用,風(fēng)邪可直接入腎,與濕交合,損傷腎絡(luò),出現(xiàn)血尿,可致腎失封藏,出現(xiàn)蛋白尿,風(fēng)為百病之長(zhǎng),善行數(shù)變,可致肺脾腎水液氣化失司,出現(xiàn)水腫。