国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

現(xiàn)在完成時用法詳解

2021-09-10 07:22李建高
關(guān)鍵詞:否定句副詞謂語

李建高

一、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成

現(xiàn)在完成時由“助動詞have / has + 動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。have not??s寫為haven’t,has not常縮寫為hasn’t?,F(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句、否定句和一般疑問句及答語分別為:

肯定句:主語 + have / has + 動詞過去分詞 + 其他。如:

I have already finished all the work. 我已經(jīng)完成了所有的工作。

否定句:主語 + haven’t / hasn’t + 動詞過去分詞 + 其他。如:

It’s time for class, but Linda hasn’t come yet. 上課時間到了,但琳達還沒有來。

一般疑問句:Have / Has + 主語 + 動詞過去分詞 + 其他?肯定回答為:Yes, 主語 + have / has。否定回答為:No, 主語 + haven’t / hasn’t。如:

—Have you visited the history museum yet? 你已經(jīng)參觀過歷史博物館了嗎?

—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. 是的,我參觀過了。/ 不,我沒有參觀過。

[助動詞have和has可以和前面的主語縮略為’ve和’s,如:they’ve, she’s, it’s等。][注意]

二、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法

1. 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常和just、already、yet、ever、never、so far等連用。如:

So far, we have already learned ten English songs. 到目前為止,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了10首英文歌曲。

—Have you found him yet? 你已經(jīng)找到他了嗎?

—No, he has probably gone home. 沒有,他或許已經(jīng)回家了。

2. 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),常和for或since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時間的時間狀語連用,即“現(xiàn)在完成時 + for + 時間段”或“現(xiàn)在完成時 + since + 過去的時間點 / 從句”。如:

The Greens have owned the building for over ten years. 格林一家擁有這幢樓房已經(jīng)10多年了。

Paul has had a headache since yesterday. 保羅從昨天開始就頭疼。

Since he got to Beijing, he has worked there. 自從他到了北京就一直在那兒工作。

現(xiàn)在完成時中,如果有since / for...出現(xiàn),其主句的謂語動詞通常用延續(xù)性動詞。如果是短暫性動詞,常常把它轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。常見的轉(zhuǎn)化方式有:

(1) 轉(zhuǎn)化為其他動詞:buy→ have、borrow→ keep、become→ be等。

(2) 轉(zhuǎn)化為“be + 形容詞 / 副詞 / 介詞短語”:begin / start→ be on、close→ be closed、die→ be dead、finish→ be over、marry→ be married、sleep→ be asleep、return→ be back、arrive→ be here、leave / go→ be away等。

[短暫性動詞的否定形式可以和since / for ...搭配使用。如:

I haven’t seen Susan for months. 我好幾個月沒有看到蘇珊了。][注意]

三、have been to、have gone to和have been in的含義

have been to表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地”,但現(xiàn)在人已經(jīng)不在那里了;have gone to表示“已經(jīng)去某地了”,說話時人已不在現(xiàn)場,可能在去某地的途中也可能已經(jīng)到達目的地;have been in常與表示一段時間的狀語連用,表示“在某地待了多長時間”。如:

I have never been to South Africa. 我從來沒有去過南非。

Mrs. Green isn’t in the office. She has gone to the library. 格林夫人不在辦公室,她已經(jīng)去圖書館了。

They have been in Shandong for ten years. 他們已經(jīng)在山東10年了。

[當have been to和have gone to后接home、here、there等地點副詞時,to要省略。][注意]

四、現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,所以它不能直接和表示過去某一時間的時間狀語連用,如:yesterday、last night、three weeks ago、in 2007等。而一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系,強調(diào)的是過去的情況,它可以和表示過去某一時間的時間狀語連用。如:

I have been to Beijing. 我去過北京。(我對北京有所了解)

I went to Beijing last year. 我去年去過北京。(只說我去年去過北京,不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況)

She has lived here since 2008. 2008年以來她一直住在這里。(她現(xiàn)在還住在這里)

She lived here in 2008. 2008年她住在這里。(不涉及現(xiàn)在她是否還住在這里)

[真題回放]

1. (2020 ·北京) We_________________each other since I came to Beijing, but we send emails very often.

A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. won’t see D. haven’t seen

【答案與解析】D. 由時間狀語since I came to Being可判斷,句中的謂語動詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時,其否定句是在have或has后加not,故選D。

2. (2020·天津)—The book is popular. _____________you_____________it yet?

—Yes, I have.

A. Are; reading B. Were; reading C. Have; read D. Will; read

【答案與解析】C. 由完成時標志詞yet可判斷,句中的謂語動詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時,其一般疑問句是將have或has提至句首,故選C。

3. (2020·甘肅·天水) —The Whites have_____________Hong Kong.

—Oh, really? I have never ______ there before.

A. been to; gone B. gone to; been C. been to; gone to D. gone to; been to

【答案與解析】B. have gone to意為“已經(jīng)去某地了”,have been to意為“曾經(jīng)到過某地”。當兩者后接地點副詞時,to要省略。根據(jù)語境,可確定答案選B。

[即時演練]

一、單項選擇。

1. (2020·四川·涼山) —It’s 20 years since we came back to Liangshan.

—How time flies! We_____________in our hometown for such a long time.

A. work B. worked C. has worked D. have worked

2. (2020·遼寧·丹東) —Mum, where is dad?

—He_____________the supermarket.

A. was going to B. has gone to C. has been to D. is going to

3. (2020·江蘇·南通) Mr. Jiang_____________the company to develop the 5G network for years. Now he works as the chief engineer in it.

A. joined B. was a member of

C. has joined D. has been a member of

4. (2020·江蘇·宿遷) —Do you know Sunshine Town very well, Mr. Chen?

—Sure. I_____________here since I was born.

A. has lived B. lived C. have lived D. lives

5. (2020·遼寧·營口) Not only Jim but also Lucy_____________a few cities since they came to China.

A. will visit B. visited C. have visited D. has visited

二、按要求改寫下列句子,每空一詞。

1. Bob borrowed the book two days ago. (改為同義句)

Bob_______________________________________the book__________________________two days.

2. My father has already made a toy car for me. (改為否定句)

My father__________________________a toy car for me__________________________.

3. I have communicated with that new student. (改為一般疑問句)

____________________________________________________with that new student?

4. The boy has been to Qingdao once. (對畫線部分提問)

____________________________________________________has the boy been to Qingdao?

5. It has been half a year since Alan came to Beijing. (改為同義句)

Alan_______________________________________Beijing for half a year.

參考答案:

一、1~5 DBDCD

二、1. has kept; for 2. hasn’t made; yet 3. Have you communicated 4. How many times 5. has been in

猜你喜歡
否定句副詞謂語
can have done用法小結(jié)
短句—副詞+謂語
學(xué)寫雙重否定句
非謂語動詞
副詞和副詞詞組
hardly是hard的派生詞嗎?
非謂語動詞用法大比拼
Units?。薄簿湫娃D(zhuǎn)換專練
高安市| 泌阳县| 和政县| 绥德县| 安康市| 安龙县| 乌拉特后旗| 阿城市| 屏南县| 历史| 靖安县| 黔江区| 花莲县| 万荣县| 安吉县| 鹤峰县| 合阳县| 宁安市| 射阳县| 兴城市| 和田市| 北流市| 霍山县| 铁岭县| 宁强县| 会泽县| 易门县| 安庆市| 游戏| 邵阳市| 海城市| 英山县| 襄汾县| 新蔡县| 盐城市| 云安县| 汽车| 平谷区| 武山县| 会宁县| 永胜县|