李曉夢(mèng)

英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)形式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)出動(dòng)作的承受者。這里主要講一下被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用方法。

一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am / is /are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞;

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was /were+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞;

一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：will be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞;

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am / is /are+being+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞;

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have / has+been+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。

二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

1. 不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。如：

This book was? published? in 1971.

2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.

三、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后to仍要保留。如：

This bike can be repaired in two days.

四、使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)

1. 感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如feel， look， seem， taste， sound等。如：

This song sounds good.

2. read， sell， wash， write， wear等作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：

This book sells well.

3. 在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，hear，see等感官動(dòng)詞和make等使役動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞不定式中的to不能省略。如：

They were made to do some housework.

4. 不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

練兵場(chǎng)

1. _________a new library_________in our school last year？

A. Is;built? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. Was;built

C. Does;build? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. Did;build

2. English_________in Canada.

A. speaks? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. are spoken

C. is speaking? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. is spoken

3. This English song_________by the girls after class.

A. often sings? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. often sang

C. is often sang? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. is often sung

4. An accident_________on this road last week.

A. has been happened? ? ? ? ? ? B. was happened

C. is happened? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. happened

5. So far，the moon_________by man already.

A. is visited? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. will be visited

C. has been visited? ? ? ? ? ? D. was visited

6. This kind of car_________in Japan.

A. makes? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. made

C. is making? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. is made

7. Our room must_________clean.

A. keep? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. be kept

C. to be kept? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. to keep

8. Doctors_________in every part of the world.

A. need? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. are needing

C. are needed? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. will need

9. Her new book_________next month.

A. will be published B. is publishing

C. is being published D. has been published

10. Why_________to talk about it yesterday？

A. didn’t a meeting hold B. wasn’t a meeting held

C. wasn’t held a meeting D. a meeting wasn’t held

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