隋東菊
一、用作連詞。意為“而,但是,可是”等,表示語義的轉折。
His office is in New York, but he is often away.
他的辦公室在紐約,但他經常不在。
There were a lot of people and much noise there. But all this was nothing to him.
那里(街上)人很多,嘈雜聲很大。但是這一切對他來說都無所謂。
二、用作介詞。意為“除……之外”,大致相當于except,多和no,nothing,nobody,all,everyone,everything,anybody,none等詞連用,或置于疑問詞what,who,where等之后。
There is nothing but a card in it.
(盒子)里面除了一張卡片外,什么也沒有。
Nobody knew it but me.
除了我以外,沒有人知道這件事。
Who but a fool would do that?
除了傻瓜誰會干那事?
I have no dictionary but this one.
我只有這一本詞典。
三、用作副詞。意為“僅僅”,相當于only。
He left but an hour ago.
他一小時前才離開。
She is but a child. 她不過是個小孩。
I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.
我唯一感到遺憾的是:我僅有一次生命獻給祖國。
四、but還可置于表示歉意的話之后,提出請求或說出一些可能令對方不愉快的話。它沒有實際意義,只起連接作用,可省略。
I’m very sorry, (but) I can’t come.
很抱歉,我不能來了。
Excuse me, (but) can you tell me how to get there? 勞駕,能告訴我去那兒怎么走嗎?
五、與but構成的常見短語有:
1. not...but...“不是……而是……”,這是一個連詞詞組,當其連接兩個主語時,句子的謂語單復數形式根據就近原則來定。
Not you but he is wrong.
不是你錯了,而是他錯了。
She is not a student, but a worker.
她不是學生,而是工人。
2. not only...but also...“不但……而且……”,也用來連接兩個相同的句子成分。連接主語時,其謂語動詞的單復數也根據就近原則來定。
He speaks not only English but also Japanese.
他不但講英語,也講日語。
Not only he but also I am late for the meeting.
不但他開會遲到了,我也遲到了。
3. can not help but do sth.表示“情不自禁做某事”,其中的help可以省略,也可說can not help doing sth。
When the foreign visitors see the Great Wall in China, they can not but think. 當外國游客看到中國的長城,禁不住浮想聯翩。