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非內分泌科護士糖尿病知識認知現(xiàn)狀及專科培訓模式探索

2021-09-30 08:28:31鄭曉佳金麗紅劉良紅施趙維方國美
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2021年16期
關鍵詞:護士糖尿病

鄭曉佳 金麗紅  劉良紅  施趙維  方國美

[關鍵詞] 非內分泌科;護士;糖尿病;認知現(xiàn)狀;??婆嘤?/p>

[中圖分類號] R97;R4? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2021)16-0176-04

Investigation on the status quo of diabetes knowledge of non-endocrinology nurses and the specialist training model

ZHENG Xiaojia1? ?JIN Lihong2? ?LIU Lianghong1? ?SHI Zhaowei1? ?FANG Guomei2

1.Department of Endocrinology,Lishui People′s Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Lishui? ?323000,China;2.Department of Nursing,Lishui People′s Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Lishui? ?323000,China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate and understand the status quo of diabetes knowledge of non-endocrinology nurses,and to explore the specialist training model so as to improve the nurses' diabetes knowledge awareness. Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted to select 100 non-endocrinology nurses who were employed in their positions by the medical alliance from January 2019 to June 2019 as the study subjects. The self-made diabetes knowledge questionnaire was used to conduct on-site surveys on nurses. The questionnaires were distributed and collected on site, and the results of the survey were analyzed statistically. The diabetes knowledge awareness of nurses at different years of ages,at different lengths of nursing practicing, and of different titles were analyzed. According to the random number table method,100 non-endocrinology nurses were randomly divided into two groups, namely a control group and an observation group. The control group was trained by the hospital′s endocrinology department for routine diabetes knowledge training. The observation group was trained on diabetes knowledge by professional internal trainers of diabetes in the hospital. The training results were compared between the two groups. Results The questionnaires of 100 non-endocrinology nurses were all effectively recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 100.00%. The awareness rates of 100 non-endocrinology nurses on basic diabetes knowledge,dietary knowledge,exercise knowledge,medication knowledge,blood glucose monitoring knowledge, and complication care knowledge were 78.00%,73.00%,71.00%, 69.00%, 72.00%, 67.00% respectively; the awareness scores of nurses at different ages, at different lengths of nursing practices, and of different professional titles on basic diabetes knowledge,dietary knowledge,exercise knowledge,medication knowledge, blood glucose monitoring knowledge,and complication care knowledge were compared,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). After training,the observation group′s awareness scores of basic diabetes knowledge,dietary knowledge,exercise knowledge,medication knowledge,blood glucose monitoring knowledge, and complication nursing knowledge were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The diabetes management ability score and self-efficacy score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Non-endocrinology nurses' awareness of diabetes knowledge is not optimistic, especially nurses with shorter nursing practices and lower level professional title. The hospital needs to strengthen the professional training of diabetes knowledge for non-endocrinology nurses to enhance their diabetes knowledge awareness and diabetes management capabilities.

[Key words] Non-endocrinology departments; Nurses; Diabetes; Status quo of knowledge awareness; Specialist training

糖尿病是一種以“高血糖”為特征的臨床常見病,屬于慢性代謝性疾病,其發(fā)病率高、并發(fā)癥多,嚴重危害到廣大居民的生命健康[1-2]。糖尿病患者多就診于內分泌科室,也有部分非內分泌科患者檢出糖尿病,然而,非內分泌科護士對糖尿病的重視程度不足,其對糖尿病的理論知識和護理操作技能掌握不足,還有待提升[3-6]。本研究針對醫(yī)聯(lián)體100名非內分泌科在崗護士進行調查,以了解非內分泌科護士的糖尿病知識認知現(xiàn)狀,并探討提高非內分泌科護士糖尿病知識認知的??婆嘤柲J剑F(xiàn)報道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

整群抽樣法選擇2019年1—6月醫(yī)聯(lián)體在職在崗的100名非內分泌科護士作為研究對象,100名護士均為女性,年齡21~49歲,年齡≥40歲、<40歲分別有33例、67例,護齡≥10年、<10年分別有35例、65例,職稱分別為護士42例、護師37例、主管護師及以上21例。

依據(jù)隨機數(shù)字表法將100名非內分泌科護士隨機分為對照組和觀察組,每組各50例。對照組年齡21~48歲,平均(36.74±9.18)歲,護齡≥10年、<10年分別有17例、33例,職稱分別為護士21例、護師19例、主管護師及以上10例。觀察組年齡23~49歲,平均(36.97±9.23)歲,護齡≥10年、<10年分別有18例、32例,職稱分別為護士21例、護師18例、主管護師及以上11例。兩組的一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 調查方法? 采用自制的糖尿病知識認知調查問卷對100名醫(yī)聯(lián)體非內分泌專科護士開展現(xiàn)場調查,現(xiàn)場發(fā)放和回收調查問卷,統(tǒng)計調查結果。調查問卷主要包括糖尿病基本知識、飲食知識、運動知識、用藥知識、血糖監(jiān)測知識、并發(fā)癥護理知識,知曉則答“是”,反之答“否”[7-9]。

1.2.2 培訓方法? ①對照組由醫(yī)院內分泌科組織進行糖尿病知識常規(guī)培訓,參考《中國2型糖尿病防治指南》進行培訓,培訓老師由內分泌科省級糖尿病??谱o士擔任,每周培訓1次,每次培訓時間60 min,持續(xù)培訓8次。②觀察組由醫(yī)院專業(yè)的糖尿病內訓師進行糖尿病知識培訓,在非內分泌科護士中選擇糖尿病知識認知良好、糖尿病管理能力好的高年資護師作為內訓師,由專業(yè)的內分泌科專家、糖尿病專科醫(yī)生及護士長對內訓師進行持續(xù)8周的培訓(每周1次,每次持續(xù)90 min),對其進行考核通過后,再由內訓師對本組護士進行專業(yè)化的培訓,采取一對一帶教模式進行培訓,每周培訓1次,每次培訓持續(xù)60 min,持續(xù)培訓8次。

1.3觀察指標及評價標準

(1)統(tǒng)計非內分泌科護士對糖尿病知識的知曉率。(2)比較不同年齡、不同護齡、不同職稱護士的糖尿病知識認知度評分。(3)比較兩組的糖尿病知識認知度評分、糖尿病管理能力評分、自我效能感評分。①糖尿病知識認知度評分采取百分制評估,總分為100分,得分與認知度呈正比;②糖尿病管理能力評分采用糖尿病管理知識評定量表評估,量表總分為100分,得分與管理能力呈正比[10];③自我效能感評分采用一般自我效能感評分量表(GSES)評估,量表總分為0~40分,得分與自我效能感呈正比[11]。

1.4統(tǒng)計學方法

采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計學軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

2結果

2.1 非內分泌科護士的糖尿病知識認知情況分析

100名非內分泌科護士的調查問卷均有效回收,有效回收率達到100.00%。100名非內分泌科護士對糖尿病基本知識、飲食知識、運動知識、用藥知識、血糖監(jiān)測知識及并發(fā)癥護理知識的知曉率分別為78.00%、73.00%、71.00%、69.00%、72.00%、67.00%;不同年齡、不同護齡、不同職稱護士對糖尿病基本知識、飲食知識、運動知識、用藥知識、血糖監(jiān)測知識、并發(fā)癥護理知識的認知度評分比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見表1~4。

表1? ?非內分泌科護士的糖尿病知識知曉率(n=100)

2.2 不同??婆嘤柲J胶蠓莾确置诳谱o士糖尿病知識認知度、糖尿病管理能力、自我效能感比較

培訓前,兩組糖尿病基本知識、飲食知識、運動知識、用藥知識、血糖監(jiān)測知識、并發(fā)癥護理知識等認知度評分、糖尿病管理能力評分、自我效能感評分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);培訓后,觀察組的糖尿病基本知識、飲食知識、運動知識、用藥知識、血糖監(jiān)測知識、并發(fā)癥護理知識等認知度評分均較對照組更高,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);觀察組的糖尿病管理能力評分、自我效能感評分均較對照組更高,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見表5~6。

3討論

糖尿病在臨床上較常見,是一種病程漫長的慢性疾病,糖尿病患者以中老年患者較為多見,臨床表現(xiàn)以血糖水平異常增高為主,患者發(fā)病后還往往伴隨有口渴、多尿、疲乏等癥狀,嚴重危害到患者的身心健康[12-14]。隨著近年來老齡人口的增多、飲食結構的改變,糖尿病的發(fā)病率逐漸增高,糖尿病患病人數(shù)逐漸增加,由于該疾病屬于內分泌系統(tǒng)疾病,患者收治于內分泌科病房,但在實際工作中,部分非內分泌科住院患者同時存在糖尿病,非內分泌科醫(yī)護人員應對糖尿病予以充分重視[15-16]。

糖尿病專科知識是糖尿病??萍皟确置诳谱o理人員需要掌握的基礎知識,然而,部分非內分泌科護士由于接觸的糖尿病患者少,在護理工作中對糖尿病護理的關注不足,缺乏充足的理論知識儲備,實踐操作技能相對欠缺[17-19]。本研究對非內分泌科護士的糖尿病知識認知情況進行調查后發(fā)現(xiàn),100名非內分泌科護士對糖尿病基本知識、飲食知識、運動知識、用藥知識、血糖監(jiān)測知識及并發(fā)癥護理知識的知曉率分別為78.00%、73.00%、71.00%、69.00%、72.00%、67.00%,不同年齡、不同護齡、不同職稱護士對糖尿病基本知識、飲食知識、運動知識、用藥知識、血糖監(jiān)測知識、并發(fā)癥護理知識的認知度評分比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),提示非內分泌科護士對糖尿病??浦R的認知不足,尚有待提高,應加強對非內分泌科護士的糖尿病??谱o理培訓。

本研究結果顯示,護士接受不同模式的糖尿病??谱o理培訓后,觀察組的糖尿病基本知識、飲食知識、運動知識、用藥知識、血糖監(jiān)測知識、并發(fā)癥護理知識等認知度評分均較對照組更高,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),觀察組的糖尿病管理能力評分、自我效能感評分與對照組相比更高,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),提示由非內分泌科內訓師對非內分泌科護士進行糖尿病知識培訓,可提高培訓效果,主要是因為內訓師在接受培訓的過程中會產(chǎn)生期待效應,有利于增強內訓師的積極性,同時,由于內訓師屬于非內分泌科護士群體,能夠更好地了解非內分泌科護士對于糖尿病的態(tài)度及認知情況,從而在內訓師對其他非內分泌科護士進行培訓時可采取更加合適的方式,確保參加培訓的護士能夠更好地掌握糖尿病??谱o理知識[20]。

綜上所述,非內分泌科護士對糖尿病知識的認知情況不容樂觀,尤其是低護齡、低職稱護士,醫(yī)院方面需加強對非內分泌科護士進行專業(yè)的糖尿病知識專科培訓,以增強其糖尿病知識認知度和糖尿病管理能力。

[參考文獻]

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(收稿日期:2020-06-02)

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