胡艷芬 余煥香 陳云武
[摘要] 抗中性粒細胞胞漿抗體(ANCA)相關性血管炎(AAV)是一種以小血管壁的炎癥和纖維素樣壞死為特征的血管炎??怪行粤<毎麧{抗體相關性血管炎常累及肺臟和腎臟,其中以肺部癥狀為主或首發(fā)的患者,常被誤診。臨床藥師通過參與1例抗中性粒細胞胞漿抗體相關性血管炎合并肺炎患者的診斷和治療方案的調(diào)整,學習和探討該類疾病及其并發(fā)癥的診斷要點及治療藥物的選擇,并復習治療藥物的監(jiān)護重點。通過對治療藥物實施藥學監(jiān)護,可提高藥物治療的安全性和有效性。
[關鍵詞] ANCA相關性血管炎;肺炎;診斷;治療;藥學監(jiān)護
[中圖分類號] R971? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] C? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2021)25-0147-05
Pharmaceutical practice of diagnosis and treatment of a patient with ANCA-related vasculitis complicated with pneumonia
HU Yanfen? ?YU Huanxiang? ?CHEN Yunwu
Department of Pharmacy, the First People′s Hospital of Zhaotong City in Yunnan Province, Zhaotong? ?657000,China
[Abstract] Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a type of vasculitis characterized by inflammation and fibrinoid necrosis of small blood vessel walls. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related vasculitis often involves the lungs and kidneys, and patients with pulmonary symptoms as the main or first episode are often misdiagnosed. The clinical pharmacist participated in adjusting the diagnosis and treatment plan of a patient with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related vasculitis and pneumonia, learned and discussed the diagnosis points of this type of disease and its complications the choice of treatment drugs. And they reviewed the key points of monitoring of therapeutic drugs. The safety and effectiveness of drug treatment can be improved through the implementation of pharmaceutical monitoring of therapeutic drugs.
[Key words] ANCA-related vasculitis; Pneumonia; Diagnosis; Treatment; Pharmaceutical care
抗中性粒細胞胞漿抗體(Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies,ANCA)相關性血管炎(Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis,AAV)是一種以小血管壁的炎癥和纖維素樣壞死為特征的血管炎,其主要自身抗原靶標為髓過氧化物酶(Myeloperoxidase,MPO)和蛋白酶3(Protease3,PR3)[1]。AAV常累及多個臟器,其中腎臟和肺臟較易受累,目前對以肺部癥狀為主或首發(fā)的患者,常被誤診為肺部感染、間質(zhì)性肺疾病、肺結核或腫瘤,進而延誤治療[2]。本案例臨床藥師通過參與臨床會診,對1例ANCA相關性血管炎合并肺炎患者的診斷和治療提供相關建議,并實施藥學監(jiān)護,為臨床合理制定該類疾病的用藥提供參考,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 臨床資料
患者,女,63歲,身高168 cm,體重68 kg,因“反復咳嗽、咳痰7年余,再發(fā)加重伴喘息、咯血痰半月余”入院。入院查體:T:36.8 ℃、P:90次/min、R:22次/min、BP:128/70 mmHg、SPO2:89%;聽診:雙肺呼吸音減弱,右下肺可聞及少許濕性啰音,HR:90 次/min,律齊,各瓣膜聽診區(qū)未聞及雜音;腹軟、無壓痛、肝脾、未觸及、雙下肢無水腫;2020年12月11日(D1)血常規(guī)示:WBC:7.67×109/L,NEUT(%):75.01、PCT:0.05 ng/mL、TP:56.50 g/L、ALB:34.40 g/L;門診胸部CT提示:①一右肺尖及中葉鈣化結節(jié)灶,考慮陳舊可能;②雙肺磨玻璃病變,考慮出血可能;③局部支氣管擴張征象:右上葉前段磨玻璃結節(jié);④主動脈壁鈣化;⑤右側胸膜局部增厚。入院診斷:①肺炎、呼吸衰竭;②支氣管擴張并咯血;③慢性支氣管炎急性病加重期,肺氣腫;④慢性胃炎。