鄭飄,陳博威,寧迪敏,肖唯,田雪飛
大柴胡湯治療肝細(xì)胞癌lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)整合分析
鄭飄1,陳博威2,寧迪敏1,肖唯3,田雪飛1
1.湖南中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合學(xué)院,湖南 長沙 410208;2.湖南中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院,湖南 長沙 410007;3.中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)院中西醫(yī)結(jié)合研究所,湖南 長沙 410008
挖掘大柴胡湯治療肝細(xì)胞癌的lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò),探討其抗肝癌作用機(jī)制。利用中藥系統(tǒng)藥理學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫與分析平臺(TCMSP)、GEO、miRDB、miRTarBase、TargetScan數(shù)據(jù)庫獲取大柴胡湯的活性成分、預(yù)測靶點(diǎn)及肝細(xì)胞癌的差異表達(dá)長鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNAs)、微小RNA(miRNAs)和mRNAs,通過R語言和Perl軟件篩選大柴胡湯治療肝細(xì)胞癌的關(guān)鍵lncRNAs、miRNAs、mRNAs。采用Cytoscape3.7.0軟件和STRING數(shù)據(jù)庫構(gòu)建活性成分-靶點(diǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)和蛋白相互作用網(wǎng)絡(luò),進(jìn)行GO和KEGG富集分析,并予分子對接驗(yàn)證,進(jìn)行整合分析。得到大柴胡湯治療肝細(xì)胞癌的97個(gè)有效成分和42個(gè)靶點(diǎn),構(gòu)建了由19個(gè)關(guān)鍵lncRNAs、23個(gè)關(guān)鍵miRNAs和42個(gè)關(guān)鍵mRNAs組成的lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)。富集分析結(jié)果顯示,這些靶基因參與了腫瘤的生存、凋亡、自噬、氧化應(yīng)激、蛋白激酶等生物學(xué)過程,主要通過PI3K-Akt信號通路、MAPK信號通路和TNF信號通路等發(fā)揮作用。大柴胡湯治療肝細(xì)胞癌具有多成分、多靶點(diǎn)、多途徑協(xié)同作用特點(diǎn),可為相關(guān)研究提供依據(jù)和方向。
肝細(xì)胞癌;大柴胡湯;轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò);生物信息學(xué);網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué);分子對接
肝細(xì)胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是原發(fā)性肝癌最主要的組織學(xué)亞型,具有侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移率高、復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高、中晚期并發(fā)癥嚴(yán)重等特點(diǎn)。目前,其臨床首選方法為手術(shù)、放療和化療。盡管靶向藥物的新發(fā)展為肝癌治療帶來希望,但價(jià)格昂貴、反應(yīng)率低、耐藥性頻繁,導(dǎo)致其臨床應(yīng)用局限。大柴胡湯出自《傷寒論》,由柴胡、大黃、枳實(shí)、黃芩、半夏、白芍、大棗和生姜組成,有疏肝理氣之功。臨床研究表明,大柴胡湯對HCC表現(xiàn)出良好療效,可增強(qiáng)HCC患者機(jī)體免疫力,減少并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生發(fā)展[1-2]。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究顯示,大柴胡湯可促進(jìn)肝癌HepG2細(xì)胞凋亡、抑制肝纖維化和調(diào)節(jié)代謝等[3-5]。然而,以往研究主要集中于單一靶點(diǎn)和單一機(jī)制,未能基于中醫(yī)整體觀念系統(tǒng)探討大柴胡湯治療HCC的分子機(jī)制。
在HCC的病理及治療研究中,由長鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)、微小RNA(miRNA)和mRNA組成的轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)逐漸受到關(guān)注,lncRNA在轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平上作為競爭性內(nèi)源RNA,通過miRNA的特異性海綿吸附間接降低miRNA與下游靶基因的結(jié)合,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)基因調(diào)控[6]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),lncRNA和miRNA在HCC的發(fā)生和發(fā)展中起著至關(guān)重要的作用,其廣泛參與免疫抑制、氧化應(yīng)激、血管生成、增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移和細(xì)胞代謝等生物過程,lncRNA、miRNA和mRNA的交聯(lián)已成為與HCC進(jìn)展相關(guān)的新興課題[7-9]。中藥及其有效成分對lncRNA、mRNA和miRNA表達(dá)的調(diào)控也逐漸成為研究熱點(diǎn),現(xiàn)已發(fā)現(xiàn)多種中藥及有效成分在腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控中的作用,如柴胡有效成分柴胡皂苷D介導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡和多耐藥逆轉(zhuǎn)效應(yīng)可能通過lncRNA的調(diào)控實(shí)現(xiàn)[10],大黃活性成分大黃素甲醚通過調(diào)節(jié)miR-370誘導(dǎo)肝癌細(xì)胞凋亡[11],黃芩有效成分黃芩素對肝癌HepG2細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡的作用與miR-34a密切相關(guān)[12]?;谝酝芯浚P者利用生物信息學(xué)方法挖掘大柴胡湯治療HCC的活性成分-靶點(diǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)并構(gòu)建lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò),以期闡明大柴胡湯多組分、多靶點(diǎn)、多途徑協(xié)同作用的分子機(jī)制,并為后續(xù)基礎(chǔ)和臨床研究提供依據(jù)。
通過中藥系統(tǒng)藥理學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫與分析平臺(TCMSP,http://tcmspw.com/tcmsp.php)獲取大柴胡湯組方藥物柴胡、大黃、枳實(shí)、黃芩、半夏、白芍、大棗和生姜的有效成分。根據(jù)藥物的藥代動(dòng)力學(xué)特征,以口服生物利用度(OB)≥30%和類藥性(DL)≥0.18為條件進(jìn)行活性成分篩選[13],通過該數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢活性成分的潛在靶點(diǎn),通過Perl(https://www.perl.org)將靶點(diǎn)導(dǎo)入U(xiǎn)niProt數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://www.uniprot.org),獲得目標(biāo)基因官方名稱。
HCC基因表達(dá)譜原始數(shù)據(jù)(GSE101728)來源于基因表達(dá)綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫GEO(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/geo)。該數(shù)據(jù)的人體組織樣本來自復(fù)旦大學(xué)中山醫(yī)院,包含HCC患者的7對腫瘤組織和癌旁組織(基因芯片平臺:GPL21047)。采用Perl和R4.0軟件篩選差異表達(dá)的lncRNA,閾值為|log2(FC)|>1.5和<0.05[14],進(jìn)而通過Mircode數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://www. mircode.org)篩選與lncRNA結(jié)合的miRNAs。將獲得的miRNAs通過miRDB(http://mirdb.org)、miRTarBase(http://mirtarbase.mbc.nctu.edu.tw)和TargetScan(http://www.targetscan.org)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行映射,最終得出由miRNA調(diào)控的mRNAs。
采用Perl將HCC差異表達(dá)基因與大柴胡湯潛在靶點(diǎn)取交集,獲得可能參與大柴胡湯治療HCC的活性成分和關(guān)鍵lncRNAs、miRNAs、mRNAs。采用Cytoscape3.7.0構(gòu)建lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA的成分-靶點(diǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和三元轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)并進(jìn)行可視化。采用STRING數(shù)據(jù)庫(https://string-db.org/)構(gòu)建關(guān)鍵mRNAs蛋白相互作用(PPI)網(wǎng)絡(luò)并進(jìn)行可視化,設(shè)置物種為“homo sapiens”,最小相互作用得分為0.4。
使用R軟件Biocmanager和ClusterProfiler對獲得的關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)進(jìn)行GO和KEGG富集分析。GO對基因產(chǎn)物可能的生物過程(BP)、細(xì)胞組分(CC)及分子功能(MF)進(jìn)行描述,KEGG對基因組注釋信息進(jìn)行分類,從而得出最顯著的生物學(xué)過程。
從TCMSP獲得大柴胡湯主要活性成分的三維結(jié)構(gòu)作為配體,從RCSB PDB數(shù)據(jù)庫(https://www.rcsb. org/)獲得關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)的三維結(jié)構(gòu)作為受體。使用AutodockTools1.5.6對受體和配體進(jìn)行能量最小化,并轉(zhuǎn)換為PDBQT格式,獲得用于分子對接模擬的三維網(wǎng)格盒,使用AutoDock Vina 1.1.2進(jìn)行分子對接,采用PyMOL(https://www.pymol.org/)進(jìn)行可視化。
通過TCMSP數(shù)據(jù)庫獲得大柴胡湯121個(gè)活性成分,其中柴胡12個(gè)、大黃7個(gè)、枳實(shí)18個(gè)、黃芩28個(gè)、半夏26個(gè)、白芍8個(gè)、大棗18個(gè)、生姜4個(gè),去除重復(fù)成分后,共篩選出108個(gè)候選活性成分。主要活性成分信息見表1。共檢索到1 438個(gè)靶點(diǎn),合并重復(fù)項(xiàng)后,獲得295個(gè)靶點(diǎn)。
表1 大柴胡湯主要活性成分信息
編號名稱OB/%DL靶點(diǎn)數(shù)來源 編號名稱OB/%DL靶點(diǎn)數(shù)來源 MOL000098quercetin(槲皮素)46.430.28141柴胡,大棗 MOL007879tetramethoxyluteolin(四甲氧基丁醇)43.680.3727枳實(shí) MOL000422kaempferol(山柰酚)41.880.2456柴胡,白芍 MOL000173wogonin(漢黃芩素)30.680.2342黃芩 MOL000358beta-sitosterol(β-谷甾醇)36.910.7528大黃,大棗,半夏, MOL002714baicalein(黃芩素)33.520.2134黃芩 黃芩,生姜,白芍 MOL002928oroxylin a(木蝴蝶素)41.370.2323黃芩 MOL000449stigmasterol(豆甾醇)43.830.7627柴胡,大棗,半夏, MOL001689acacetin(金合歡素)34.970.2423黃芩 黃芩,生姜 MOL000675oleic acid(油酸)33.130.1445半夏 MOL000492(+)-catechin((+)-兒茶素)54.830.249大棗,白芍 MOL002670cavidine(卡文定堿)35.640.8124半夏 MOL000096(-)-catechin((-)-兒茶素)49.680.249大黃,大棗 MOL006594eciphin(卵磷脂)43.350.0323半夏 MOL002914eriodyctiol (flavanone)41.350.246黃芩,枳實(shí) MOL006932l-Pseudoephedrine(左旋偽麻黃堿)45.010.0321半夏 (淫羊藿醇(黃烷酮)) MOL001924paeoniflorin(芍藥苷)53.870.794白芍 MOL000359sitosterol(谷甾醇)36.910.753黃芩,白芍 MOL001919(3S,5R,8R,9R,10S,14S)-3,17-43.560.532白芍 MOL000354isorhamnetin(異鼠李素)49.600.3130柴胡 dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl- MOL004609areapillin(茵陳黃酮)48.960.4114柴胡 2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta MOL0045983,5,6,7-tetramethoxy-2-(3,4,5-31.970.5910柴胡 [a]phenanthrene-15,16-dione trimethoxyphenyl) chromone MOL001918paeoniflorgenone(芍藥苷元)87.590.371白芍 (3,5,6,7-四甲氧基-2-(3,4,5- MOL000211mairin(丁子香萜)55.380.781白芍 三甲氧基苯基)色酮) MOL000627stepholidine(千金藤堿)33.110.5425大棗 MOL000490petunidin(矮牽牛花素)30.050.318柴胡 MOL007213nuciferin(核黃素)34.430.4024大棗 MOL000471aloe-emodin(蘆薈大黃素)83.380.2422大黃 MOL012921stepharine(千金藤林堿)31.550.3324大棗 MOL002235eupatin(澤蘭黃醇素)50.800.4114大黃 MOL002773beta-carotene(β-胡蘿卜素)37.180.5821大棗 MOL002281toralactone(決明子內(nèi)酯)46.460.247大黃 MOL0061296-methylgingediacetate248.730.323生姜 MOL002268rhein(大黃酸)47.070.286大黃 (6-甲基銀杏二乙酸酯2) MOL000006luteolin(木犀草素)36.160.2554枳實(shí) MOL001771poriferast-5-en-3beta-ol36.910.752生姜 MOL004328naringenin(柚皮素)59.290.2134枳實(shí) (多孔甾醇-5-烯-3β-醇) MOL005828nobiletin(川陳皮素)61.670.5231枳實(shí)
通過GSE101728的基因芯片共獲得HCC差異基因447個(gè)(見圖1a),其中49個(gè)差異性lncRNAs(圖1b),篩選出832個(gè)lncRNA-miRNA調(diào)控關(guān)系和1 920個(gè)miRNA-mRNA調(diào)控關(guān)系。
將HCC差異表達(dá)基因與大柴胡湯潛在靶點(diǎn)取交集,獲得97個(gè)有效活性成分、19個(gè)關(guān)鍵lncRNAs、23個(gè)關(guān)鍵miRNAs和42個(gè)關(guān)鍵mRNAs。大柴胡湯治療HCC的活性成分-靶點(diǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)見圖2,其中活性成分槲皮素、木犀草素、漢黃芩素、川陳皮素和山柰酚的節(jié)點(diǎn)度較高(見表2)。lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)見圖3,節(jié)點(diǎn)度較高的lncRNAs RUSC1-AS1、DIO3OS、LINC00487、FAM99A,miRNA miR-17-5p、miR-125b-5p、miR-24-3p和miR-107可能在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中起關(guān)鍵作用。核心靶點(diǎn)PPI網(wǎng)絡(luò)包括38個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)和284條邊,在潛在靶基因中,MYC、MMP2和CCND1節(jié)點(diǎn)度相對較高,可能是核心作用基因(見圖4)。
注:a.火山圖;b. lncRNAs熱圖
注:藍(lán)色為靶點(diǎn)基因;黃色為柴胡成分,橙色為大黃成分,青色為枳實(shí)成分,品紅為黃芩成分,綠色為半夏成分,淺綠為白芍成分,紅色為大棗成分,粉色為生姜成分,紫色為共有成分
表2 大柴胡湯治療HCC前10位候選活性成分及節(jié)點(diǎn)度
編號名稱節(jié)點(diǎn)度 MOL000098quercetin(槲皮素)26 MOL000006luteolin(木犀草素)13 MOL000173wogonin(漢黃芩素)10 MOL005828nobiletin(川陳皮素) 9 MOL000422kaempferol(山柰酚) 7 MOL000354isorhamnetin(異鼠李素) 7 MOL002773beta-carotene(β-胡蘿卜素) 7 MOL0029335,7,4’-Trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone(5,7,4’-三羥基-8-甲氧基黃酮) 7 MOL000675oleic acid(油酸) 6 MOL002714baicalein(黃芩素) 6
通過GO和KEGG富集分析揭示關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)參與的生物過程和途徑[15]。共獲得679個(gè)GO富集結(jié)果,其中分子功能主要為激活轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合、RNA聚合酶Ⅱ轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合、轉(zhuǎn)錄因子活性等,生物過程主要為對氧水平的響應(yīng)、對金屬離子的響應(yīng)、對體液水平的調(diào)節(jié)及成纖維細(xì)胞分化等,細(xì)胞組分主要為蛋白激酶復(fù)合物,絲氨酸、蘇氨酸蛋白激酶復(fù)合物,轉(zhuǎn)錄因子復(fù)合物等。共獲得107條KEGG通路富集結(jié)果,包括乙型肝炎、癌癥microRNA、蛋白聚糖、PI3K-Akt(磷酸肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B)信號通路、MAPK(促分裂原激活蛋白激酶)信號通路、TNF(腫瘤壞死因子)信號通路等。見圖5。
注:紅色為lncRNA,綠色為miRNA,藍(lán)色為mRNA
圖5 大柴胡湯治療HCC差異表達(dá)基因富集分析
將大柴胡湯治療HCC的活性成分槲皮素、木犀草素、漢黃芩素、川陳皮素和山柰酚分別與PIK3CA(PDB ID:4tuu)、AKT1(PDB ID:6ccy)和MYC(PDB ID:6g6k)進(jìn)行分子對接。PIK3CA和AKT1是KEGG主要通路PI3K-Akt信號通路中的標(biāo)記蛋白,MYC是PPI網(wǎng)絡(luò)中節(jié)點(diǎn)度最高的靶點(diǎn)。當(dāng)結(jié)合能<-5 kcal/mol時(shí),配體與受體可以實(shí)現(xiàn)較好的結(jié)合[16]。分子對接結(jié)果表明,各活性成分均能與PIK3CA、AKT1和MYC很好結(jié)合(見表3),其中木犀草素與3個(gè)靶點(diǎn)的親和力較佳(見圖6)。
表3 大柴胡湯前5位候選活性成分與主要蛋白分子對接結(jié)果
活性成分分子式結(jié)合能/(kcal/mol) PIK3CAAKT1MYC 槲皮素C15H10O7-7.2-7.8-5.5 木犀草素C15H10O6-7.8-7.9-6.0 漢黃芩素C16H12O5-7.5-7.6-5.4 川陳皮素C21H22O8-7.5-7.1-4.9 山柰酚C15H10O6-8.3-7.8-5.5
圖6 木犀草素與核心靶點(diǎn)分子對接模式圖
由于HCC確診時(shí)通常已為晚期,且伴隨復(fù)雜的并發(fā)癥,針對性治療選擇有限,5年存活率僅為18%[17-18]。單一藥物成分和治療措施無法有效控制HCC的病理變化,中藥多成分、多靶點(diǎn)的作用特征為該病的治療提供了新思路[19]。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為,腫瘤病機(jī)以熱毒瘀滯、氣機(jī)不暢為主,而肝為氣機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)的樞紐。因此,肝癌治療主要采用清熱、散結(jié)、疏通氣機(jī)之法,大柴胡湯為代表性處方[20-21]。既往的基礎(chǔ)研究及循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)表明,大柴胡湯對肝癌具有良好療效[6-7]。本研究從108種候選活性成分中篩選出大柴胡湯治療HCC的主要活性成分。其中,槲皮素(MOL000098,OB=46.43%,DL=0.28)是大柴胡湯最重要的化合物之一,其通過調(diào)節(jié)AKT-mTOR、PI3K、MAPK等途徑,以調(diào)節(jié)miRNA、增強(qiáng)金屬離子鋅活性、減少活性氧形成、下調(diào)絲氨酸-蘇氨酸激酶,在HCC治療中發(fā)揮抗氧化、抗增殖、促凋亡和抗糖酵解活性[22-26]。木犀草素(MOL000006,OB=36.16%,DL=0.25)通過調(diào)節(jié)PI3K、Akt信號通路在促進(jìn)肝癌細(xì)胞凋亡中起重要作用,在HCC病理過程中可抑制炎癥和肝臟纖維化[27-28]。漢黃芩素(MOL000173,OB=30.68%,DL=0.23)通過下調(diào)p-Akt、周期蛋白D(cyclin D)和基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶2(MMP2)抑制HCC的增殖和侵襲[29]。川陳皮素(MOL005828,OB=61.67%,DL=0.52)在體內(nèi)外對HCC均可發(fā)揮明顯的抑制作用[30]。山柰酚(MOL000422,OB=41.88%,DL=0.24)可有效緩解HCC中的肝纖維化,降低缺氧條件下缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子-1(HIF-1)和MAPK活性,并抑制肝癌細(xì)胞的存活;它與木犀草素結(jié)合,通過活性氧介導(dǎo)的線粒體,靶向獲得對HCC中腫瘤細(xì)胞的選擇性殺傷能力[31-33]。以上研究均支持本研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測結(jié)果,反映了大柴胡湯治療HCC的“多成分”特征。
非編碼RNA(ncRNA)通過調(diào)節(jié)蛋白質(zhì)編碼基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄以加速癌癥的進(jìn)展。作為典型的ncRNA,越來越多參與包括HCC在內(nèi)的腫瘤發(fā)展過程的lncRNA和miRNA被評估鑒定出來[34]。本研究基于GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫HCC表達(dá)譜篩選的差異表達(dá)基因構(gòu)建了大柴胡湯治療HCC的lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)中有42個(gè)潛在mRNAs,其中在PPI網(wǎng)絡(luò)中節(jié)點(diǎn)度較高的關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)均與HCC相關(guān),節(jié)點(diǎn)度最高的MYC(包括c-MYC、n-MYC和l-MYC)為重要的癌基因。不受控制的信號傳導(dǎo)是肝癌的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)力,MYC通過與ncRNA的復(fù)雜串?dāng)_參與HCC細(xì)胞周期過程、細(xì)胞凋亡、代謝、血管生成和轉(zhuǎn)移[35-36]。MMP2、E2F1和CCND1(cyclin D1)主要參與肝癌的細(xì)胞周期、增殖和凋亡,VEGFA參與血管生成過程[37-38]。分子對接結(jié)果表明,MYC與大柴胡湯治療HCC的主要活性成分結(jié)合良好。miRNA通過調(diào)節(jié)靶基因在HCC發(fā)生中起特定作用。在轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)miRNA中節(jié)點(diǎn)度最高的miR-17-5p(屬于miR-17-92簇)是HCC的關(guān)鍵標(biāo)志物,可調(diào)控多個(gè)功能靶點(diǎn)。miR-17-5p通過c-MYC的調(diào)節(jié)回路,以及MMP2和MAPK的激活促進(jìn)HCC的血管生成、增殖、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移。在非轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌中,miR-17-5p與E2F1和c-MYC形成反饋回路,導(dǎo)致Caspase介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡[39-41]。miR-24-3p和miR-125b-5p為乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)相關(guān)HCC的生物標(biāo)志物,并且miR-107靶向MMP2以介導(dǎo)HCC侵襲[42-44]。lncRNA參與了HCC發(fā)生和發(fā)展的許多方面,其中RUSC1-AS1能通過miR-7-5p促進(jìn)HCC細(xì)胞增殖并抑制細(xì)胞凋亡,DIO3OS通過競爭性結(jié)合miRNA調(diào)節(jié)HCC的惡性侵襲,LINC00487被確定為HCC患者纖維化的預(yù)測因子,F(xiàn)AM99A與HIF-1α相關(guān)聯(lián),以在缺氧誘導(dǎo)下介導(dǎo)HCC的轉(zhuǎn)移[45-48]。因此,在此轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,大柴胡湯可能通過RUSC1-AS1等lncRNAs,參與調(diào)控miR-17-5p等miRNAs對mRNA的MYC、E2F1反饋回路,進(jìn)而參與HCC血管生成、增殖、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移過程,發(fā)揮治療作用。大柴胡湯治療HCC的lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)在一定程度上反映了大柴胡湯治療HCC的“多靶點(diǎn)”特征。
大柴胡湯治療HCC的靶基因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)中分子功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)者,進(jìn)一步對其進(jìn)行GO和KEGG富集分析,結(jié)果表明,肝癌中大柴胡湯調(diào)控的轉(zhuǎn)錄本與轉(zhuǎn)錄因子活性、對氧水平的響應(yīng)、蛋白激酶復(fù)合物、成纖維細(xì)胞分化、PI3K-Akt信號通路、MAPK信號通路和TNF信號通路密切相關(guān)。該預(yù)測結(jié)果與以往研究一致,在細(xì)胞和分子水平上,HCC的發(fā)生和發(fā)展機(jī)制與氧化應(yīng)激、通過miRNA的HBV和宿主的相互調(diào)節(jié)、纖維化微環(huán)境和蛋白激酶引起的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)異常密切相關(guān)[43]。PI3K-Akt信號通路是調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞生長、代謝和存活的經(jīng)典途徑,在HCC的1/3~1/2中被激活,并且與腫瘤級別、血管浸潤、肝內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移、細(xì)胞凋亡和基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶的上調(diào)密切相關(guān)。MAPK途徑激活轉(zhuǎn)錄因子基因c-MYC、c-FOS和c-JUN,以驅(qū)動(dòng)HCC的生長和分化。TNF通過細(xì)胞因子激活生長信號以影響HCC的侵襲,TNF-α信號通路、MAPK信號通路則促進(jìn)HCC的增殖和轉(zhuǎn)移[49-51]。分子對接結(jié)果顯示,大柴胡湯治療HCC的主要活性成分可與PI3K-Akt信號通路中的相關(guān)蛋白很好地結(jié)合,從而進(jìn)一步證明了預(yù)測的準(zhǔn)確性。大柴胡湯對HCC的治療與多種信號通路和多種生物學(xué)過程有一定聯(lián)系,反映了大柴胡湯治療HCC的“多途徑”特征。
本研究通過整合分析探索了大柴胡湯治療HCC的機(jī)制,提示大柴胡湯的多種活性成分在HCC治療中具有協(xié)同作用,并且涉及對lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA網(wǎng)絡(luò)串?dāng)_的調(diào)節(jié)。轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的靶基因主要與腫瘤的存活、凋亡、自噬、氧化應(yīng)激、蛋白激酶等密切相關(guān),并可能通過PI3K-Akt信號通路、MAPK信號通路和TNF信號通路發(fā)揮作用,影響HCC的增殖和存活。本研究結(jié)果反映了大柴胡湯治療疾病多成分、多靶點(diǎn)、多途徑的特點(diǎn),可為大柴胡湯治療HCC提供理論依據(jù),并為進(jìn)一步臨床和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究提供方向。
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Integration Analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Transcriptional Network in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma withDecoction
ZHENG Piao1, CHEN Bowei2, NING Dimin1, XIAO Wei3, TIAN Xuefei1
To characterize the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network ofDecoction in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); To explore its anti-liver cancer mechanism.The active components ofDecoction and predicted targets, as well as the differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and miRNAs of HCC were obtained by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), GEO, miRDB, miRTarBase and TargetScan databases. Furthermore, R language and Perl software were chosen to screen the key lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs forDecoction for the treatment of HCC. With the help of Cytoscape 3.7.0 software and STRING database, the active components-target network, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and protein-protein interaction network were built. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed, and combined with molecular docking to construct integrated analysis.A total of 97 active components and 42 targets were obtained inDecoction for the treatment of HCC, and a lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA regulatory network composed of 19 key lncRNAs, 23 key miRNAs, and 42 key mRNAs was built. Enrichment analysis showed that these important target genes were involved in tumor survival, apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, protein kinases and other biological processes, and mainly played a therapeutic role through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway.This study indicates the characteristics ofDecoction treatment of HCC with multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways synergistic therapy, and can provide basis and direction for future research.
hepatocellular carcinoma;Decoction; transcriptional network; bioinformatics; network pharmacology; molecular docking
R273.57;R285
A
1005-5304(2021)12-0022-08
10.19879/j.cnki.1005-5304.202104055
湖南省自然科學(xué)基金(2020JJ4066);湖南省研究生科研創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(CX20190541);湖南中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合一流學(xué)科開放基金(2018ZXYJH03)
田雪飛,E-mail:003640@hnucm.edu.cn
(2021-04-04)
(修回日期:2021-06-08;編輯:陳靜)