邱 睿,李小杰,李成軍,邢國(guó)珍,房文祎,李彩虹,張盈盈,姚晨虓,徐 敏,李芳芳,宋瑞芳,鄭文明,李淑君*,申 欣,張東鋒
煙草鐮刀菌根腐病拮抗細(xì)菌的篩選鑒定及促生防病效果
邱 睿1,李小杰1,李成軍1,邢國(guó)珍2,房文祎1,李彩虹1,張盈盈1,姚晨虓1,徐 敏3,李芳芳3,宋瑞芳3,鄭文明2,李淑君1*,申 欣4,張東鋒5
(1.煙草行業(yè)黃淮煙區(qū)煙草病蟲(chóng)害綠色防控重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,河南省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院煙草研究所,河南 許昌 461000;2.河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,鄭州 450002;3.中國(guó)煙草總公司河南省公司,鄭州 450018;4.河南省煙草公司洛陽(yáng)市公司嵩縣分公司,河南 嵩縣 471400;5.河南省煙草公司許昌市公司建安分公司,河南 許昌 461000)
為挖掘?qū)煵葭牭毒【哂休^強(qiáng)拮抗作用的生防菌株,采用稀釋涂布平板法從健康煙株根際土壤中分離純化對(duì)煙草鐮刀菌根腐?。╮oot rot)主要病原具有一定拮抗作用的細(xì)菌,進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析鑒定,并測(cè)定促生防病效果。經(jīng)平板對(duì)峙測(cè)定,篩選出2株對(duì)煙草鐮刀菌根腐病病原具有較好抑制作用的菌株YX53和YX72,對(duì)茄病鐮刀菌()的抑制效率分別為83.66%和73.54%,對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌()的抑制效率分別為57.57%和55.89%;2菌株無(wú)菌發(fā)酵濾液對(duì)病原孢子萌發(fā)抑制率為84.82%~100%,其揮發(fā)性化合物可抑制病原菌絲生長(zhǎng)或產(chǎn)孢,且對(duì)煙草疫霉菌()、根串珠霉菌()等也有抑制效果。鑒定結(jié)果表明,YZ53和YX72分別為蠟樣芽孢桿菌和枯草芽孢桿菌。經(jīng)2菌株處理的煙苗胚根增長(zhǎng)率分別達(dá)到了67.86%和161.61%,盆栽煙苗根長(zhǎng)、最大葉面積、鮮質(zhì)量等均有所增加;YX53盆栽防病效果在89.47%以上,YX72在99.53%以上。
煙草;鐮刀菌根腐??;芽孢桿菌;促生作用;抑菌效果
我國(guó)是煙草種植面積最大的國(guó)家[1],病害一直是影響我國(guó)煙草生產(chǎn)的重要因素之一[2]。近年來(lái)隨著氣候條件、土壤微生態(tài)和耕作制度等的變化,煙草鐮刀菌根腐病已成為危害煙草生產(chǎn)的主要根莖類(lèi)真菌病害[3-5]。引起煙草鐮刀菌根腐病的主要病原菌是尖孢鐮刀菌()和茄病鐮刀菌()[6]。目前防治作物鐮刀菌根腐病的主要策略是選用抗病品種和化學(xué)防治,但抗病種質(zhì)資源有限、選育周期長(zhǎng),而化學(xué)防治則會(huì)造成環(huán)境污染、農(nóng)藥殘留、病原菌產(chǎn)生抗藥性等問(wèn)題[7],且長(zhǎng)期大量使用化學(xué)農(nóng)藥還可加速病菌群體遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)生理分化和變異[8]。近年來(lái)生物防治已成為防治植物病蟲(chóng)害的重要手段[9]。何明川等[10]分離到的枯草芽孢桿菌()MC4-2對(duì)煙草黑脛病的盆栽防效達(dá)到63.86%。翟穎妍等[11]報(bào)道了芽孢桿菌ZYY-4對(duì)煙草炭疽病具有高生物活性。許樂(lè)等[12]獲得的內(nèi)生多粘類(lèi)芽孢桿菌()DS-R5通過(guò)抑制腐皮鐮刀菌孢子萌發(fā),破壞菌絲結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)部細(xì)胞器抑制病原菌生長(zhǎng),對(duì)丹參根腐病的盆栽防效可達(dá)到61.4%。目前鮮見(jiàn)關(guān)于煙草鐮刀菌根腐病生防細(xì)菌的系統(tǒng)篩選及其作用機(jī)制的相關(guān)研究。因此,本研究通過(guò)對(duì)健康煙株根際土壤微生物的分離、篩選,獲得對(duì)煙草鐮刀菌根腐病主要病原具有較好抑制作用的拮抗細(xì)菌菌株,明確其種類(lèi),測(cè)定其防效及對(duì)煙草的促生效果,為開(kāi)發(fā)煙草鐮刀菌根腐病高效生防制劑提供資源。
試驗(yàn)于2021年5月至2022年4月在煙草行業(yè)黃淮煙區(qū)煙草病蟲(chóng)害綠色防控重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行。供試土樣分別采自河南許昌襄城縣(褐土)、三門(mén)峽盧氏縣(黃棕壤)和澠池縣(紅粘土)。供試煙草品種中煙100。煙草鐮刀菌根腐病病原菌尖孢鐮刀菌B-9-1()、茄病鐮刀菌A-4-9()、煙草黑脛病病原菌寄生疫霉煙草致病變種(煙草疫霉)、煙草根黑腐病病原菌煙草根串珠霉()、煙草白絹病菌()、煙草立枯病病原菌立枯絲核菌()、鳶尾絲囊霉菌()及煙草潰瘍病病原菌葡萄座腔球菌()均由河南省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院煙草研究所提供。土壤細(xì)菌分離純化采用1/2 LB固體培養(yǎng)基,拮抗細(xì)菌發(fā)酵使用LB液體培養(yǎng)基,煙草病原真菌培養(yǎng)用馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊脂培養(yǎng)基(PDA)[13]。
1.2.1 拮抗細(xì)菌分離篩選 分別于2021年5—8月從豫中和豫西煙田病株周邊健株根際采集根際土樣40份。采用稀釋涂布平板法分離純化菌株[14],參照宋光桃等[15]的平板對(duì)峙法進(jìn)行拮抗菌篩選,根據(jù)抑菌帶寬度確定拮抗程度,選取拮抗效果好的菌株進(jìn)行復(fù)篩。測(cè)量菌落半徑,計(jì)算抑菌率。
1.2.2 拮抗菌株無(wú)菌發(fā)酵濾液的抑菌活性測(cè)定 拮抗菌株無(wú)菌發(fā)酵濾液的制備:將對(duì)煙草尖孢鐮刀菌和茄病鐮刀菌平均抑菌率大于50%的菌株活化后,參照千慧敏等[16]的方法制備菌液原液。將上述菌液原液12000 r/min離心10 min,上清液用細(xì)菌過(guò)濾器(0.22 μm)過(guò)濾2次后得到無(wú)菌發(fā)酵濾液。
拮抗菌株無(wú)菌發(fā)酵濾液對(duì)病原菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的影響:用打孔器在直徑9 mm的培養(yǎng)皿距離中央2.5 cm處均勻打3個(gè)孔,每孔注入200 μL的發(fā)酵濾液,以無(wú)菌的LB液體培養(yǎng)基為對(duì)照,待發(fā)酵液被培養(yǎng)基吸收完全后,在培養(yǎng)基中心接直徑5 mm的病原菌菌塊,每個(gè)處理重復(fù)3次。28 ℃黑暗培養(yǎng)7 d后,測(cè)量對(duì)照組和處理組病原菌菌落半徑,計(jì)算相對(duì)抑菌率。
拮抗菌株無(wú)菌發(fā)酵濾液對(duì)病原菌孢子萌發(fā)的影響:采用無(wú)菌發(fā)酵濾液與分生孢子共培養(yǎng)法[17]測(cè)定拮抗菌株對(duì)鐮刀菌分生孢子的影響,以無(wú)菌LB液體培養(yǎng)基處理為對(duì)照,每個(gè)處理重復(fù)3次,統(tǒng)計(jì)對(duì)照和處理組病原孢子萌發(fā)情況,計(jì)算孢子萌發(fā)率。
1.2.3 拮抗菌株揮發(fā)性化合物的抑菌活性測(cè)定 參照江木蘭等[18]的方法測(cè)定拮抗菌株揮發(fā)性化合物對(duì)煙草鐮刀菌根腐病病原的抑制作用。以空白的LB平板為對(duì)照,每個(gè)處理重復(fù)3次。28 ℃黑暗培養(yǎng)7 d,測(cè)定對(duì)照組和處理組病原菌菌落直徑,計(jì)算相對(duì)抑菌率,并在顯微鏡下觀察各處理產(chǎn)孢情況。
1.2.4 拮抗菌株抑菌譜的測(cè)定 采用平板對(duì)峙培養(yǎng)法[15](略有改動(dòng),平行劃線改為對(duì)稱(chēng)點(diǎn)接種),進(jìn)行拮抗菌株對(duì)8種煙草病原真菌抑菌試驗(yàn),每個(gè)處理3次重復(fù)。
1.2.5 拮抗菌株的鑒定 參照董秀珠等[19]的《常見(jiàn)細(xì)菌系統(tǒng)鑒定手冊(cè)》進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)鑒定,利用芽孢桿菌鑒定試劑盒HIBacillusTM Identification Kit進(jìn)行生理生化鑒定。參考千慧敏等[17]方法進(jìn)行分子生物學(xué)鑒定,應(yīng)用NCBI進(jìn)行序列比對(duì)分析,采用MEGA 7.0軟件的Maximum likelihood法構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù)。
1.2.6 拮抗菌株對(duì)煙草種子萌發(fā)及促生作用測(cè)定 參照姚晨虓等[20]的培養(yǎng)皿濾紙保濕法進(jìn)行測(cè)定,以無(wú)菌水處理的消毒種子為對(duì)照,每皿25粒種子(5×5),重復(fù)3次,第10天統(tǒng)計(jì)種子萌發(fā)率及測(cè)量種子胚根長(zhǎng)度,計(jì)算增長(zhǎng)率。
增長(zhǎng)率=(處理組根系長(zhǎng)度-對(duì)照組根系長(zhǎng)度)/對(duì)照組根系長(zhǎng)度×100%
尾水渠開(kāi)挖總的施工程序是自上而下施工,先覆蓋層,后石方無(wú)用料開(kāi)挖,再進(jìn)行石方有用料(用于堆石壩填筑)分層開(kāi)挖。半河床半河岸段,逆水流方向分段開(kāi)挖。分段長(zhǎng)度約200m。各級(jí)開(kāi)挖邊坡形成之前完成相應(yīng)高程的地表及生態(tài)放流的引排水施工。
1.2.7 拮抗菌株盆栽促生試驗(yàn) 將1.2.2中離心得到的沉淀用無(wú)菌水重懸,將活菌濃度調(diào)至6×108CFU/mL。參考千慧敏等[16]的方法進(jìn)行盆栽促生試驗(yàn)。20 d后,根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)煙草行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(YC/T 142—2010)[21]中的農(nóng)藝性狀測(cè)量方法,測(cè)定拮抗菌株對(duì)煙草農(nóng)藝性狀的影響,測(cè)量指標(biāo)包括有效葉片數(shù)、最大葉長(zhǎng)、最大葉寬、地上鮮質(zhì)量和根系鮮質(zhì)量,葉面積(cm2)=0.6345×葉長(zhǎng)(cm)×葉寬(cm)。
1.2.8 拮抗菌株盆栽防病試驗(yàn) 取長(zhǎng)勢(shì)一致的3~4片真葉煙苗移栽至裝有無(wú)菌基質(zhì)的滅菌花盆(85 mm×70 mm)中培養(yǎng)2 d后,進(jìn)行拮抗菌懸浮液(6×108CFU/mL)灌根,每株20 mL,灌根結(jié)束后48 h,在煙根周?chē)謩e接種預(yù)先培養(yǎng)好的帶有靶標(biāo)菌(尖孢鐮刀菌、茄病鐮刀菌)的麥粒,5 g/株,接靶標(biāo)菌后72 h,再次進(jìn)行拮抗菌懸浮液灌根,每株20 mL,以不做任何處理的煙株為陰性對(duì)照(CK1),只接病原菌為陽(yáng)性對(duì)照(CK2),每處理15株。所有處理置于28 ℃、光暗周期16 h/8 h、相對(duì)濕度70%條件下培養(yǎng)。培養(yǎng)第20天參照國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB/T 23222—2008)[22]煙草病害分級(jí)及調(diào)查方法進(jìn)行發(fā)病情況調(diào)查,計(jì)算病情指數(shù)及拮抗菌防效。
病情指數(shù)=Σ(病級(jí)數(shù)×該病級(jí)植株數(shù))/(最大病級(jí)數(shù)×植株總數(shù))×100
防治效果=(對(duì)照組病情指數(shù)-處理組病情指數(shù))/對(duì)照組病情指數(shù)×100%
數(shù)據(jù)處理采用Excel和DPS 7.05軟件分析,方差分析采用Duncan新復(fù)極差法。
經(jīng)稀釋涂布平板法,從40份土壤樣品分離純化得到42株細(xì)菌。以煙草鐮刀菌根腐病主要病菌為靶標(biāo),經(jīng)平板對(duì)峙法進(jìn)行初篩和復(fù)篩,篩選出5株對(duì)病原菌有拮抗效果的菌株。從表1看出,YX53和YX72對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌和茄病鐮刀菌的抑菌率顯著高于CK及其他菌株,達(dá)到55.89%~83.66%。
表1 拮抗菌株對(duì)煙草尖孢鐮刀菌和茄病鐮刀菌的抑菌效果
注:表中數(shù)據(jù)為3次重復(fù)的平均值±;同列數(shù)據(jù)后的不同小寫(xiě)字母表示差異顯著(<0.05);下同。
Note: the data in the table were means±. The different lowercase letters in the table represents 5% significant difference level (<0.05). The same below.
由圖1看出,YX72的發(fā)酵濾液對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌和茄病鐮刀菌的菌絲生長(zhǎng)具有抑制作用。2株拮抗菌株發(fā)酵濾液均能抑制病原菌孢子萌發(fā),LB液體培養(yǎng)基處理病原菌孢子萌發(fā)率達(dá)到45%以上,拮抗菌發(fā)酵濾液處理孢子萌發(fā)率僅有0%~7.21%,其中YX72發(fā)酵濾液可完全抑制茄病鐮刀株菌孢子萌發(fā)(表2)。
圖1 拮抗菌無(wú)菌發(fā)酵液的抑菌活性
表2 拮抗菌無(wú)菌發(fā)酵液對(duì)病原菌孢子萌發(fā)的影響
由表3看出,2株拮抗菌株揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物(VOCs)對(duì)茄病鐮刀菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的抑菌率約為26%。2株拮抗菌VOCs影響病原產(chǎn)孢,YX53和YZ72揮發(fā)性化合物處理過(guò)的和產(chǎn)孢量顯著低于對(duì)照,對(duì)病原產(chǎn)孢抑制率達(dá)93.95%~100%(圖2)。
表4表明,2株拮抗菌對(duì)供試的8種煙草根莖類(lèi)真菌病害病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。2菌株對(duì)茄病鐮刀菌的平均抑菌率均大于70%,對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌和煙草疫霉菌的抑菌率均大于50%,菌株YX72對(duì)煙草根串珠霉和鳶尾絲囊霉菌的抑菌率約55%,對(duì)煙草白絹病菌、立枯絲核菌和葡萄座腔球菌的抑菌率為42.06%~47.64%;菌株YX53對(duì)煙草根串珠霉等5種病原菌的抑菌率低于YX72,抑菌率為23.81%~43.30%。
2.5.1 形態(tài)學(xué)及生理生化鑒定 圖3顯示,菌株YX53為革蘭氏染色陽(yáng)性,在LB培養(yǎng)基上28 ℃黑暗培養(yǎng)48 h,菌落近圓形,無(wú)色素,圓心白色微凸,邊緣乳白色,顯微觀察菌體細(xì)胞桿狀,末端鈍圓,成短或長(zhǎng)鏈,(1.0~1.2)μm×(3.0~5.0)μm,符合蠟樣芽孢桿菌特征;菌株YX72革蘭氏染色陽(yáng)性,在LB培養(yǎng)基上28 ℃黑暗培養(yǎng)48 h,菌落表面粗糙不透明,白色,顯微觀察菌體細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)桿狀,單個(gè)或鏈狀排列,單個(gè)細(xì)胞(0.7~0.8)μm × (2.0~3.0)μm,符合枯草芽孢桿菌特征。表5結(jié)果表明,YX53和YX72生理生化特性分別與蠟樣芽孢桿菌和枯草芽孢桿菌一致。
表3 拮抗菌株VOCs對(duì)病原菌的抑制效果
圖2 拮抗菌揮發(fā)性化合物對(duì)病原菌產(chǎn)孢的影響
表4 兩株拮抗菌株對(duì)8種病原菌抑菌效果
Table 4 Inhibitory effects of the 2 strains on the 8 plant pathogens
菌株Strains指標(biāo)Index尖孢鐮刀菌F. oxysporum茄病鐮刀菌F. solani煙草疫霉P. nicotianae煙草根串珠霉T. basicola煙草白絹病菌S. rolfsiii Sacc立枯絲核菌R. solani鳶尾絲囊霉菌A. iridis葡萄座腔球菌B.dothide YX53菌落半徑/cm 1.73±0.12b0.80±0.06c1.93±0.03b2.40±0.06b3.30±0.06b3.20±0.06b3.03±0.03b2.53±0.03b 抑菌率/%60.17±3.48a80.96±1.25a54.50±1.07a43.30±1.44b23.85±0.88b23.81±1.37b29.45±0.48b40.62±0.68b YX72菌落半徑/cm1.87±0.09b1.13±0.09b1.90±0.06b1.97±0.03c2.33±0.12c2.43±0.03c1.90±0.06c2.23±0.12c 抑菌率/%57.30±1.17b72.97±2.39b55.31±1.06a53.54±0.69a46.18±2.51a42.06±0.79a55.82±1.17a47.64±2.94a CK菌落半徑/cm4.37±0.09a4.20±0.06a4.25±0.03a4.23±0.03a4.33±0.03a4.20±0.00a4.30±0.06a4.27±0.03a 抑菌率/%————————
注:A和B為YX53和YX72菌落形態(tài),A’和B’為對(duì)應(yīng)菌體細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)。
Note: A and B is the colony morphology of YX53 and YX72, A’ and B’is the cell structure of corresponding bacteria.
圖3 拮抗菌株形態(tài)特征
Fig. 3 Morphological characteristics of the 2 strains
表5 芽孢桿菌鑒定試劑盒檢測(cè)結(jié)果
注:“+”表示陽(yáng)性,“?”表示陰性,“D”表示延遲。Note: “+” means positive, “?“ means negative, “D” stand for delay.
2.5.2 分子生物學(xué)鑒定 將PCR獲得的待測(cè)菌株16S rDNA序列在GenBank數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中進(jìn)行BLAST比對(duì)分析,結(jié)果顯示,菌株YX53(ON497154)與蠟樣芽孢桿菌()EH11(MN750766.1)等的序列相似性達(dá)到100%,YX72(ON497155)與枯草芽孢桿菌()MK736112.1(MT111083.1)等的序列相似性達(dá)到100%。從圖4看出,YX53和YX72分別與蠟樣芽孢桿菌和枯草芽孢桿菌聚于同一分支。結(jié)合形態(tài)學(xué)和生理生化鑒定,鑒定YX53和YX72分別為芽孢桿菌屬的蠟樣芽孢桿菌和枯草芽孢桿菌。
圖4 基于16S rDNA構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù)
從圖5可知,菌株YX72處理的煙草種子萌發(fā)率與對(duì)照基本一致,YX53處理種子萌發(fā)率低于CK,3個(gè)處理間無(wú)顯著差異(<0.05)。表6表明,拮抗菌處理的煙苗胚根較CK均有不同程度增長(zhǎng),以YX53處理組胚根發(fā)育最好,煙苗胚根增長(zhǎng)率達(dá)到161.61%,YX72處理組煙苗胚根增長(zhǎng)率達(dá)到了67.86%。
圖5 拮抗菌對(duì)種子萌發(fā)率的影響
表6 拮抗菌對(duì)煙草根系發(fā)育的影響
從表7可知,YX53處理盆栽煙株最大葉面積、地上鮮質(zhì)量、根系鮮質(zhì)量、總根長(zhǎng)和總根表面積較對(duì)照分別提高了32.55%、46.61%、67.11%、168.20%和94.55%,YX72處理煙株最大葉面積、地上鮮質(zhì)量、根系鮮質(zhì)量、總根長(zhǎng)和總根表面積較CK分別提高了73.88%、103.58%、153.69%、231.89%和109.09%,對(duì)煙株促進(jìn)作用較YX53強(qiáng)。
由表8看出,CK1處理煙株不發(fā)病,只接種病原菌的處理CK2煙株發(fā)病率為100%,病情指數(shù)達(dá)到53以上。與CK2相比,YX53和YX72發(fā)酵液處理煙株的發(fā)病率在0.00%~23.34%,YYX53對(duì)煙草尖孢鐮刀菌和茄病鐮刀菌根腐病的平均防效分別為89.47%和99.35%,略低于YX72的99.53%和100%,說(shuō)明菌株YX53和YX72對(duì)煙草鐮刀菌根腐病具有顯著的防治效果。
表7 拮抗菌對(duì)盆栽煙草的促生效果
表8 拮抗菌株對(duì)煙草鐮刀菌根腐病的防治效果
生防菌廣泛應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)病害防治[23],目前關(guān)于煙草鐮刀菌根腐病生防資源篩選利用的研究報(bào)道較少,譙天敏等[24]研究表明蠟樣芽孢桿菌()Y6對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌()的抑菌率為30.6%;李姝江等[25]篩選的蠟樣芽孢桿菌B3對(duì)茄病鐮刀菌()具有較強(qiáng)的拮抗作用,抑菌帶達(dá)26.0 mm,盆栽防效為25.57%~97.56%;倪方方等[26]研究表明枯草芽孢桿菌()對(duì)白術(shù)尖孢鐮刀菌的平板對(duì)峙抑菌率為52.3%,盆栽防效36.33%;姚鳳琴等[27]報(bào)道了枯草芽孢桿菌Bv17對(duì)茄病鐮刀菌的平板抑菌率為85.44%,盆栽防效70.52%~97.32%。本研究篩選的蠟樣芽孢桿菌YX53和枯草芽孢桿菌YX72,對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌和茄病鐮刀菌的平板抑菌率為55.89%~ 83.66%,盆栽防效達(dá)到89.47%~100%,優(yōu)于已報(bào)道的其他蠟樣芽孢桿菌和枯草芽孢桿菌,這可能是因?yàn)楸狙芯繌臒熤旮H土壤中篩選出的拮抗菌株對(duì)煙田土壤環(huán)境和煙株具有更強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)性[28],能更好地在煙草根際定殖并發(fā)揮作用。
芽孢桿菌可通過(guò)形成抑菌物質(zhì)、合成促生長(zhǎng)激素促進(jìn)植物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、誘導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)抗性等,提高植物抗病能力[23,29]。ZHAO等[30]研究表明枯草芽孢桿菌CF-3的揮發(fā)性化合物和發(fā)酵濾液對(duì)膠孢炭疽菌孢子萌發(fā)的抑制率分別為70.11%和57.36%;黃秋斌等[31]報(bào)道的蠟樣芽孢桿菌0-9對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的抑菌率為50%,其代謝物對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌分生孢子萌發(fā)的抑制率為61.2%。衛(wèi)甜等[32]研究表明,枯草芽孢桿菌BT-6和蠟樣芽孢桿菌JJN2可提高水稻種子苗長(zhǎng)和促進(jìn)幼苗生長(zhǎng),苗長(zhǎng)和鮮質(zhì)量增長(zhǎng)率最大達(dá)到20.79%;鐘澤翔[33]篩選的13株枯草芽孢桿菌處理下,黃瓜種子胚根根長(zhǎng)和幼苗鮮質(zhì)量增幅分別達(dá)3.62%~55.32%和5.66%~27.45%。本研究表明,菌株YX53和YX72的無(wú)菌發(fā)酵濾液對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌和茄病鐮刀菌孢子萌發(fā)抑制率為84.82%~100%,其揮發(fā)性化合物對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌和茄病鐮刀菌產(chǎn)孢抑制率達(dá)93.95%~100%;YX53和YX72處理煙苗胚根根長(zhǎng)和煙株鮮質(zhì)量分別增加了67.86%~161.61%和46.61%~153.69%,其抑菌促生作用顯著優(yōu)于已報(bào)道的其他枯草和蠟樣芽孢桿菌。菌株YX53、YX72對(duì)煙草疫霉、根串珠霉等6種煙草真菌病原菌也有較好的抑菌作用,表明枯草芽孢桿菌和蠟樣芽孢桿菌抑菌譜廣,與前人研究一致[31-32]。
本研究篩選鑒定出對(duì)煙草鐮刀菌根腐病具有較好防治作用的蠟樣芽孢桿菌YX53()和枯草芽孢桿菌YX72(),盆栽防效達(dá)到89.47%以上。2株芽孢桿菌可通過(guò)抑制病原菌絲生長(zhǎng)、病原孢子萌發(fā)和病原產(chǎn)孢等抑制病原菌生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,同時(shí)可促進(jìn)煙株生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,提高煙株抗病性,為煙草鐮刀菌的生物防治提供了新的菌種資源。
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Screening and Identification of Antagonistic Bacteria against TobaccoRoot Rot and Evaluation of Their Effects on Growth Promoting and Disease Control
QIU Rui1, LI Xiaojie1, LI Chengjun1, XING Guozhen2, FANG Wenyi1, LI Caihong1, ZHANG Yingying1, YAO Chenxiao1, XU Min3, LI Fangfang3, SONG Ruifang3, ZHENG Wenming2, LI Shujun1*, SHEN Xin4, ZHANG Dongfeng5
(1. Key Laboratory for Green Preservation & Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pests in Huanghuai Growing Area, Tobacco Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China; 2. College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; 3. Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450018, China; 4. Songxian Branch, Luoyang Company of Henan Tobacco Company, Songxian, Henan 471400, China; 5. Jian’an Branch, Xuchang Company of Henan Tobacco Company, Xuchang, Henan 461000)
In order to screen for strains that have good antagonistic effects on tobaccoroot rot, bacteria that have good antagonistic effects were isolated and purified from the rhizosphere of healthy tobacco by the dilute coating plate method. Antagonistic bacteria were identified by morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and the growth promotion and disease control effects were determined. Two bacterial strains YX53 and YX 72 that have good antagonistic functions were selected. The plate inhibitory test showed that the inhibition efficiency of YX53 and YX72 were 83.66% and 73.54% against, 57.57% and 55.89% against, respectively. The inhibition rate of YX53 and YX72 fermentation broth on pathogenic spore germination was 84.82%-100%, and the volatile organic compounds of the two antagonistic strains could inhibit the growth of pathogenic filaments or sporulation, also they had inhibitory effects on tobacco root disease pathogens such as,, etc. YX53 and YX72 were identified asand, respectively. The two strains had significant growth promotion and disease inhibition effects. The radicle growth rate of the tobacco seeds treated with YX53 and YX72 reached 67.86% and 161.61%, respectively. And the root length, the maximum leaf area and fresh weight etc. of the treated seedlings were all increased. The disease prevention effects of YX53 and YX72 were more than 89.47% and 99.53% respectively.
tobacco;root rot;spp.; growth promotion; inhibitory effect
10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2022.06.005
S435.72
A
1007-5119(2022)06-0031-08
河南省煙草公司科技項(xiàng)目(2020410000270012);河南省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院優(yōu)秀青年科技基金計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YQ09);河南省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)(2022TD26);河南省高等學(xué)校重點(diǎn)科研項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃(20B210009)
邱 睿(1984-),女,助理研究員,主要從事煙草鐮刀菌根腐病綠色防控相關(guān)工作。E-mail:qiurui19840414@hotmail.com
,E-mail:13603749396@126.com
2022-05-18
2022-09-22