竇瀚洋 方彭依夢

這里依傍會稽山脈，三面環(huán)山;這里是遠(yuǎn)近聞名的藝術(shù)村、網(wǎng)紅村、富裕村。這就是浙江省紹興市越城區(qū)坡塘村云松自然村。只要您一進(jìn)村口，就會聽到村民演唱的帶有濃厚紹興特色的曲藝“蓮花落”，配合著滿山茶田，給這個(gè)小村莊平添了幾分寧靜祥和。就在幾年前，這里還是紹興有名的“上訪村”，村民矛盾突出，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展滯后，村容村貌臟亂差，違法建筑隨處可見，有人還稱呼這里為“破塘村”。

是藝術(shù)改變了這個(gè)村。在中國人民大學(xué)藝術(shù)學(xué)院“藝鄉(xiāng)建”團(tuán)隊(duì)的幫助下，坡塘村云松自然村刮起“藝術(shù)風(fēng)”。創(chuàng)作創(chuàng)意作品、建設(shè)展示平臺、設(shè)計(jì)微型景觀、開發(fā)產(chǎn)品……村民共同參與，村莊變得更美，帶動增收，真正讓藝術(shù)改變了鄉(xiāng)村。

家住坡塘村云松自然村的陳榮苗怎么也沒想到，自己做了大半輩子的竹制品如今竟成了藝術(shù)品，還能用來開店賺錢。

“村里毛竹多，這些竹制品都是就地取材。”在工藝品店鋪里，不時(shí)有游客進(jìn)進(jìn)出出，陳榮苗熱情地介紹著琳瑯滿目的竹制工藝品。他說，這樣的改變還要從藝術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)的到來說起。

藝術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)讓村民耳目一新

2020年初，來自中國人民大學(xué)藝術(shù)學(xué)院的“藝鄉(xiāng)建”團(tuán)隊(duì)來到云松村采風(fēng)調(diào)研、開展作品設(shè)計(jì)。村里人不懂：藝術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)為啥要來我們村？

一進(jìn)村，“藝鄉(xiāng)建”領(lǐng)隊(duì)陳炯就出了個(gè)主意。“陳教授讓我們動員村民，把綢布掛到茶園上方?！逼绿链甯刹苛_國?；貞浀溃骸按蠹译y免有疑惑，掛幾塊布能有啥效果？”

直到去年，村里的百畝茶園飄起了檸檬色的綢布，一件名為《看見風(fēng)》的藝術(shù)作品就此誕生，還被不少媒體報(bào)道，許多游客慕名而來，打卡網(wǎng)紅景點(diǎn)。

“隨后的幾個(gè)月里，1萬多人陸續(xù)來到云松村?！绷_國海說：“沒想到我們這個(gè)小村莊也能這么熱鬧?！边@次，云松村村民感受到了“藝術(shù)的力量”。

“后來，藝術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)又在村里挨家挨戶收集‘有故事’的布料，大家這次就很配合，我還從女兒出生的襁褓上剪了一塊。”這塊布見證了陳榮苗一家的變化，也讓他成為創(chuàng)作團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員。最終，大家將云松村每家最有意義的布料縫制在一起，形成了一件別致的公共藝術(shù)作品《百家布》，全村人都是創(chuàng)作者。

羅國海說，大家從新鮮到感動，從疑惑不解到積極參與，那段時(shí)間，藝術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員和村民同吃同住，大家建立起深厚的情誼。

山水之美融合生活之樂

向村落深處走去，云上鄉(xiāng)村藝術(shù)館、云上舞臺、云上直播間等藝術(shù)展示平臺在沿途自然銜接，將山水之美與生活之樂融合起來。

沿著陳家?guī)X古道邁上茶園觀光臺，百畝茶園映入眼簾，這里是云松村的標(biāo)志性景觀。極目遠(yuǎn)望，一把直徑約兩米的茶壺懸空倒掛，壺嘴噴射出一道水柱，在藍(lán)天和茶山映襯下，化為煙霧散在空中。

羅國海說，這是去年7月村委會自主打造的微景觀，取名“云壺飛瀑”，現(xiàn)在已成為村里新的打卡點(diǎn)。在他看來，藝術(shù)之所以能在云松村從無到有并“開花結(jié)果”，是因?yàn)榇蠡飪憾甲儭拔乃嚒绷恕?/p>

這其中，就包括陳偉國、潘林娥夫婦。藝術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)村前，夫妻倆主要經(jīng)營運(yùn)輸，“聽說有人來村里帶著我們一起搞藝術(shù)，一開始挺不理解的?！标悅f。

茶園那件《看見風(fēng)》的藝術(shù)作品，村里拉上陳偉國一起參與。后來團(tuán)隊(duì)又給他們支招，讓他們試著在短視頻平臺記錄云松村的生活日常，并建議他們擺起糍粑小攤?！吧洗尉陀袀€(gè)小姑娘特意跑來買糍粑，說是我們短視頻平臺上的粉絲。”陳偉國說：“過去的想法太片面。”

村里還開始主動嘗試“微改造、精提升”，將水管上色做成竹節(jié)形狀，通過手繪美化井蓋，破舊水表箱成了象棋盤……羅國海介紹，類似創(chuàng)意還有很多，“只要帶著一雙發(fā)現(xiàn)美的眼睛，其實(shí)村里很多地方都能變成景觀?！?/p>

村貌古樸清新又文藝

如今，漫步村中，老物件裝飾的景觀小品、獨(dú)具創(chuàng)意的墻面設(shè)計(jì)、老臺門里的咖啡館、村屋改造的書屋……云松村里一步一景。陳榮苗的工藝品小店也在其中。去年9月，村里特意打造了這個(gè)店鋪，村民有手工藝品都可以放在這里售賣。有了小店，陳榮苗的觀念也漸漸改變——以前缺啥做啥，現(xiàn)在竹藝制品不再局限于生產(chǎn)生活需求，迷你版的竹水桶、竹扁擔(dān)、竹制水車作為產(chǎn)品，也受到游客喜愛。

“前段時(shí)間還有游客打電話來，讓我做一套竹制酒杯?！边@給陳榮苗帶來新的靈感，也帶來新的收入。自從開店以來，靠著售賣竹藝制品，他已增收5000余元。

沈菊英也實(shí)現(xiàn)了在家門口賺錢的心愿?！拔以瓉碓诔抢锎蚬ぃ吹嚼霞以絹碓胶镁突貋砹?。”沈菊英的家就在茶山腳下，位置非常好，羅國海鼓勵她開餐館。“會有人來吃飯嗎？”帶著遲疑，去年10月，她的餐廳成了云松村第一家農(nóng)家樂。

“有個(gè)外地姑娘來吃飯，說是特意來打卡的，我才知道還有這個(gè)新詞?！?0多歲的沈菊英正努力嘗試新花樣，“擺盤、包裝都要講究，我們還專門為店員定制了民俗服裝?！鄙蚓沼⒄f：“村干部讓我們結(jié)合云松村的歷史文化研究幾樣特色菜，可以給游客講講云松村的故事。去年中秋、國慶，平均每天營收三四千元，一天要備20多桌菜。”

如今的云松村，古樸清新又文藝，成為觀光、團(tuán)建的好去處。“藝術(shù)賦能鄉(xiāng)村振興，2021年坡塘村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)收入165萬元，實(shí)現(xiàn)高增長。截至目前，村里依靠新興業(yè)態(tài)成功幫助近200人實(shí)現(xiàn)就業(yè)?！绷_國海很自豪。

提及未來，羅國海打趣說，要將文藝進(jìn)行到底?！袄习傩諊L到了甜頭，心齊力量大，我們得繼續(xù)做出辨識度，讓更多村里人留得住，讓更多城里人愿意來?！?/p>

藝術(shù)改變鄉(xiāng)村貴在堅(jiān)持

去年初，作為中國人民大學(xué)藝術(shù)學(xué)院副教授、設(shè)計(jì)系主任、院長助理的陳烔和團(tuán)隊(duì)第一次到浙江紹興越城區(qū)云松村，一望無際的茶園和綿延群山令他們陶醉。當(dāng)時(shí)的云松村就已完成了新路鋪設(shè)、建筑改造等工作。在此基礎(chǔ)上，陳炯和團(tuán)隊(duì)人員將藝術(shù)引入鄉(xiāng)村，讓村子更美，也凝聚起更多人氣。

陳炯對鄉(xiāng)村藝術(shù)有一種特別感悟，鄉(xiāng)村是熟人社會，因此調(diào)動村民的積極性共同參與顯得格外重要。為此團(tuán)隊(duì)做過不少嘗試 ：公共藝術(shù)作品、景觀微改造、藝術(shù)支教活動、村莊影像志、展覽……“我們都會邀請村民參與進(jìn)來，一同感受藝術(shù)的魅力。比如公共藝術(shù)作品《百家布》，就是由村黨委號召村民拿出自家有紀(jì)念意義的衣服、被單等縫合制成的。在這個(gè)過程中，藝術(shù)成為良好的溝通手段，為后續(xù)改造作了情感鋪墊?！标惥颊f。

與村民打交道的過程中，陳炯及其團(tuán)隊(duì)有兩個(gè)人令我印象深刻。一個(gè)是年過九旬的羅金渭老人，另一個(gè)是坡塘村干部勞卓娜。

初見羅金渭時(shí)，老人家一身軍裝，佩戴著勛章。他說自己當(dāng)過兵，用這一身軍裝表達(dá)對鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)的期待。與他的交流也為我們帶來了做“云松村影像志”的靈感。我們將鏡頭對準(zhǔn)村民，為村莊留下有溫度的寶貴回憶。

勞卓娜不善言辭，但心思細(xì)膩。陳炯和團(tuán)隊(duì)第一次駐村結(jié)束準(zhǔn)備離開紹興時(shí)，她還特地自制了餐食，讓團(tuán)隊(duì)人員帶著路上吃。這透著她的用心，也在提醒我們，改造鄉(xiāng)村更要注重愛和溫度。

用藝術(shù)手段改造鄉(xiāng)村需要可持續(xù)性。陳炯和團(tuán)隊(duì)離開后，當(dāng)?shù)氐乃囆g(shù)改造并未停步，藝術(shù)已經(jīng)在村里生根開花結(jié)果。陳炯認(rèn)為，鄉(xiāng)村藝術(shù)改造不僅是空間層面的更新與營建，更重要的是讓村民在此過程中感受自己生活的鄉(xiāng)村之美。此外，也需要集合各種社會資源，通過對村民的動員，實(shí)現(xiàn)自我發(fā)展。

鄉(xiāng)村的藝術(shù)改造能否給村民帶來更多實(shí)惠？陳炯的答案是肯定的。一個(gè)美麗的鄉(xiāng)村會吸引游客，但鄉(xiāng)村不僅僅只是游客觀賞游覽的場所，除了打卡景點(diǎn)之外，與村民共同營造的鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)，恰恰是人們深入了解這個(gè)地方的絕佳窗口，可以增加游客游覽時(shí)長與黏性，從而帶動當(dāng)?shù)氐奈穆孟M(fèi)，促進(jìn)村民增收。

在陳炯看來，與其說是在用藝術(shù)改造鄉(xiāng)村，不如說是發(fā)現(xiàn)與表達(dá)，當(dāng)下人們需要的不是高高在上的藝術(shù)，而是扎根鄉(xiāng)土的有效建設(shè)。建設(shè)重點(diǎn)是“心建”，需要凝心聚力，以對人的關(guān)懷為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，逐漸賦予鄉(xiāng)村棲居以詩意。

Surrounded by the Kuaiji mountain range on three sides， sits the Yunsong natural village， a spontaneously formed rural community， which is part of the Botang village， an administrative village in Yucheng district， Shaoxing city. Just a few years ago， Yunsong was infamous for being a place where its residents often disagreed with each other and harbored grievances， where its economic development stagnated and where illegal constructions were common.

Now， it has become a well-known art village， an “internet celebrity” and a rich one no less. As soon as you enter the village， you will hear the villagers sing the local ditties with a strong Shaoxing characteristic， accentuating its tranquility against a backdrop of tea fields in the mountains.

It is art that has transformed the village. With the help of the “Yi Xiang Jian” team （which the team logo translates as “Art Activates the Construction of Beautiful Village”） from the School of Arts of Renmin University of China， villagers of Yunsong natural village have created artistic works， set up showcase platforms， designed miniature landscapes and developed related products. Their efforts have not only given the village a facelift but increased their income.

Chen Rongmiao， a Yunsong resident， has never imagined that the bamboo products he has made for most of his life could be turned into artworks and enable him to run a handicraft shop. “There are many moso bamboos in the village， which serve as a ready source for bamboo products，” said Chen， as he introduced a variety of bamboo handcraft products in his shop， with visitors coming in and out from time to time.

In early 2020， when the “Yi Xiang Jian” team came to Yunsong natural village on a field trip to investigate and develop an “art revival” plan for the village， local folks were at a loss： Why our village？

Once in the village， Chen Jiong， associate professor from the School of Arts of Renmin University and head of the “Yi Xiang Jian” team， proposed an idea. “Professor Chen asked us to mobilize the villagers to hang pieces of silk cloth over the tea plantations，” recalled Luo Guohai， an official with Potang village. “Most were doubtful： What effect would a few pieces of cloth have？”

In May 2021， pieces of lemon-colored silk cloth finally flew over some 100 mu （6.7 hectares） tea fields in the village， and an artwork titled “Seeing Wind” was born as a result. It was quickly picked up by many media outlets， and the village gained instant fame.

“Over the next few months， more than 10，000 visitors traveled to the Yunsong natural village，” said Luo. “I never expected such a small village could be so bustling.” This time， villagers felt “the power of art”.

“Later， the art team went door to door in the village to collect fabrics that have a story， and we were all very cooperative，” said Chen Rongmiao. “I cut a piece from the swaddle blanket when my daughter was born.” Eventually， the most meaningful piece of fabric from each household in the Yunsong natural village was sewn together， producing a unique public artwork， “The Hundred Family Cloth”. Every villager in Yunsong was the artist.

From being curious to being moved， from feeling confused to participating actively， Yunsong residents developed close friendships with members of the “Yi Xiang Jian” team， said Luo.

Apart from creative artistic works， Yunsong has also been leveraging modern technologies， including online rural art galleries， online stages and online livestreaming to showcase its natural landscape and artistic beauty. Stepping onto the viewing platform along the village’s ancient trail， the vast stretches of tea fields come directly into one’s eyes， which have become an icon of the village. Far ahead， a manmade teapot， about two meters in diameter， hangs upside down， spouting a jet of water which， against the blue sky and tea mountains， is soon turned into a wisp of smoke in the air.

It is a micro landscape that the village committee created in July 2021， according to Luo. Named “Cloud Teapot Flying Waterfall”， it is now a popular scenic spot for tourists. For Luo， art has gradually taken root in the place and everyone here is now very “artistic”. Chen Weiguo and his wife are a case in point.

Before the “Yi Xiang Jian” team came to Yunsong， the couple ran a transportation business. “When I heard that someone was trying to work with us to do something on art， I couldn’t understand it，” admitted Chen. First， he was invited to take part in creating “Seeing Wind”， the silk cloth artwork. Then the “Yi Xiang Jian” team suggested that he and his wife open a stall selling glutinous rice cakes， record their daily life in Yunsong in short videos， and upload them unto popular social media platforms.

“Last time， a young lady came all the way to my stall for rice cakes and said she was a fan of our short videos，” said Chen. “My thinking [about art] in the past is simply too shallow.”

Now， walking in the village， you could encounter “art” everywhere： mini landscapes stacked with worn objects， unique and creative wall designs， old-village-house-turned bookshops. Chen Rongmiao’s handicraft shop is also one of them， which was specially developed by the village in September 2021. Handicraft products from Yunsong villagers can all be sold here. Chen’s perspective has gradually changed： bamboo products are no longer limited to those serving for utility; rather they are extended to truly “artistic” works.

“Not long ago， I received a call asking me to make a set of bamboo winecups，” said Chen. It brought more inspiration to Chen — more money as well. So far， he has earned over 5，000 yuan （$786）.

Shen Juying， another villager， has also realized her wish of making a living at home. “I used to a migrant work in the cities， but now returned as my hometown is getting better each day.” In October， she opened Yusong’s first ever restaurant.

Shen had her doubts initially， which were soon dispelled as more visitors “check in”. “I didn’t know such a phrase until a girl dropped in my restaurant and ordered her food，” said Shen.

At present， she is trying different ways to make her food even more “tasteful”， “we are doing researching on a few local dishes that show the history and culture of the village， and we will tell the stories to the patrons，” Shen explained. “During the Mid-Autumn Festival and the National Day holidays last year， the revenue for the restaurant was 3，000 to 4，000 yuan every day.”

The Yunsong natural village is currently a popular choice for tourism and team-building activities. “Art can indeed revitalize the rural area，” said Luo， the Potang village official. “The collective economic income of Potang village reached 1.65 million yuan in 2021 and nearly 200 villagers have employment thanks to the new businesses that emerged from ‘a(chǎn)rt’.”

Still， transforming rural areas through art requires sustained efforts. Artistic transformation of Yunsong has continued even after the “Yi Xiang Jian” team left. For Chen Jiong， head of the team， artistic transformation in rural areas is more than spatial renewal and rebuilding. The key lies in bringing the local villagers into the process and feel the beauty of the villages they are living in.