王靜靜

Supported by full supply chains and robust policy mea? sures， China has achieved leapfrog development in renew? able energy in recent years， with its installed capacity rank ? ing top globally.

After years of development， the nation is the worlds largest producer of wind and solar power， as well as the larg? est domestic and outbound investor in renewable energy， ac ? cording to the National Energy Administration.

In the past 10 years， total installed capacity for renew? able energy generation in China rose to 1.1 billion kilowatts， with generation capacity of hydropower， wind， solar and bio ? mass ranking top worldwide. The combined installed capaci? ty of wind and solar power has reached 670 million kilowatts， almost 90 times the level in 2012， the administration said.

During the 14th Five- Year Plan （2021-25） period， Chinas renewable energy generation capacity is expected to account for more than 50 percent of the total， and the gen? eration capacity for wind and solar power will be doubled， further cementing the nations role as a global leader in re? newable energy capacity growth， according to the adminis ? tration.

Wei Hanyang， a power market analyst at research com? pany BloombergNEF， said part of the reason for this rapid

近年來，在全供應(yīng)鏈和強(qiáng)有力政策措施的支持下，中國在可再生能源領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)了跨越式發(fā)展，可再生能源裝機(jī)容量居全球首位。

據(jù)國家能源局介紹，經(jīng)過多年發(fā)展，中國已成為全球最大的風(fēng)能和太陽能生產(chǎn)國，在國內(nèi)外的可再生能源投資規(guī)模最大。

十年間，中國可再生能源發(fā)電總裝機(jī)達(dá)到11億千瓦，水電、風(fēng)電、光伏發(fā)電、生物質(zhì)發(fā)電裝機(jī)規(guī)模穩(wěn)居世界第一。其中，風(fēng)電光伏并網(wǎng)裝機(jī)合計(jì)6.7億千瓦，是2012年的近90倍。

國家能源局表示，“十四五”期間，可再生能源發(fā)電量增量在全社會(huì)用電量增量中的占比預(yù)計(jì)將超過50%，風(fēng)電和太陽能發(fā)電量實(shí)現(xiàn)翻倍，將進(jìn)一步鞏固中國在可再生能源發(fā)展領(lǐng)域的世界領(lǐng)先位置。

調(diào)查公司彭博新能源財(cái)經(jīng)電力市場分析師魏漢陽表示，中國可再生能源的快速發(fā)展部分歸功于國內(nèi)

development is Chinas unparalleled advantages in boosting clean power installation due to massive demand from the do? mestic market. State-owned grid operators have also made ef? forts to ensure renewables are consumed， rather than wasted.

“Renewable energy has become the principal source of the countrys newly added installed generation capacity in re? cent years， especially solar and wind power. China leads glob? ally in installed capacities for wind， photovoltaic， hydro and biomass power， as it presses ahead with a green development path，”Wei said.

He believes the nations renewable energy sector will see steady growth and that solar power， in particular， will wit? ness further widespread installations.

Chinas rapid development of renewable energy has also attracted multinationals. Shell plc， SABIC and Honeywell have announced plans in recent years to invest in the nations renewable energy sector due to its rapid growth momentum and huge potential. Global energy and chemical giants are drawing up local plans that cover a broad range of subsectors such as petrochemicals， hydrogen， vehicle charging stations and carbon capture， utilization and storage， or CCUS.

Shell plc， which is based in London， has steadily invest? ed in Chinas renewable energy market in recent years. Part of the companys blueprint is to expand its hydrogen footprint in the country by building a network of hydrogen refueling sta? tions in Shanghai — Shells first hydrogen refueling net? work in Asia — in cooperation with State- owned enterprise Shenergy Group Co.

市場的巨大需求，中國在推動(dòng)清潔能源建設(shè)方面具 有無可比擬的優(yōu)勢。此外，國有電力運(yùn)營商努力確 ?？稍偕茉吹睦?，避免資源浪費(fèi)。

魏漢陽稱：“近年來，可再生能源已成為中國新 增電力主力，尤其是太陽能和風(fēng)能。隨著中國向綠 色發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型，中國在風(fēng)電、光伏發(fā)電、水電和生物質(zhì) 發(fā)電裝機(jī)規(guī)模方面處于全球領(lǐng)先地位?！?/p>

他相信，中國可再生能源行業(yè)將穩(wěn)步增長，尤 其是太陽能發(fā)電裝機(jī)規(guī)模將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。

中國可再生能源的迅速發(fā)展也吸引了跨國公 司。由于中國可再生能源行業(yè)發(fā)展勢頭迅猛，潛力 巨大，近年來，殼牌公司、沙特基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)公司和霍尼 韋爾公司宣布計(jì)劃對該行業(yè)進(jìn)行投資。全球能源 和化工巨頭們正在制定涵蓋廣泛可再生能源子領(lǐng) 域的本土投資計(jì)劃，包括石油化工、氫、汽車充電站 以及碳捕集、利用和封存等領(lǐng)域。

總部位于倫敦的殼牌公司近年來一直在投資 中國可再生能源市場。該公司的部分規(guī)劃是通過 與中國國有企業(yè)申能集團(tuán)合作，在上海建成該公司 首個(gè)亞洲加氫站網(wǎng)絡(luò)，以擴(kuò)大其在中國的相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù) 規(guī)模。

Shell also expressed optimism about the prospects for CCUS in China， believing it is essential to helping the nation achieve a carbon emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrali? ty by 2060.

Jason Wong， executive chairman of Shell Companies in China， said the nations significant geological potential for storing carbon — it has an estimated 2，400 gigatons of storage capacity， second only to that of the United States — means there is plenty of potential to tap.

US energy company ExxonMobil has announced that it will cooperate with China National Offshore Oil Corp and Shell plc to develop a carbon capture and storage， or CCS， hub in Huizhou， Guangdong province. The facility， Chinas first large-scale offshore CCS hub capable of capturing up to 10 million metric tons of carbon dioxide annually， will signifi? cantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions and meet the decar? bonization needs of enterprises in the area.

Luo Zuoxian， head of intelligence and research at the Sinopec Economics and Development Research Institute， said foreign investment in Chinas energy sector is expected to rise as the nation continues to step up its green energy transi? tion， with the aim of becoming carbon neutral by 2060.

“Leading in renewable energy production figures for years， China has a market potential that no other country can match，”he said.

State- owned energy enterprises are also helping the countrys green energy transition by optimizing their business.

For example， China Petrochemical Corp， also known as Sinopec — the worlds largest refiner by volume — has con?

殼牌還對碳捕集、利用和封存在中國的發(fā)展前 景表示樂觀，認(rèn)為這對幫助中國實(shí)現(xiàn)“2030年前碳 達(dá)峰、2060年前碳中和”的目標(biāo)至關(guān)重要。

殼牌公司中國區(qū)執(zhí)行董事長黃志昌表示，中國 具有巨大的碳封存地質(zhì)潛力，估算碳封存能力為 2.4萬億噸，僅次于美國，這意味著中國在該領(lǐng)域有 巨大潛力可以挖掘。

美國能源公司?？松梨谛迹瑢⑴c中國海洋 石油集團(tuán)有限公司、殼牌公司合作，在廣東省惠州 市開發(fā)捕集與封存（CCS）樞紐。該設(shè)施是中國首 個(gè)能夠每年捕集高達(dá)1000萬公噸二氧化碳的大型 海上CCS中心，將顯著減少二氧化碳排放，滿足該 地區(qū)企業(yè)的脫碳需求。

中國石化集團(tuán)經(jīng)濟(jì)與發(fā)展研究院情報(bào)與研究 部主任羅作賢表示，在“2060年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和”的目 標(biāo)下，隨著中國堅(jiān)持推進(jìn)綠色能源轉(zhuǎn)型，預(yù)計(jì)中國 能源領(lǐng)域的外國投資將有所增加。

他表示：“多年來，中國在可再生能源生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域 一直處于全球領(lǐng)先地位，具有其他國家無法比擬的 市場潛力。”

國有能源企業(yè)也在通過優(yōu)化業(yè)務(wù)助推中國綠 色能源轉(zhuǎn)型。

例如，中國石油化工集團(tuán)有限公司（簡稱“中石 90 化”）一直在不斷提高其綠色制氫能力，并在全國范

tinuously boosted its green hydrogen manufacturing capacity and expanded its hydrogen refueling network across the coun? try.

Taking advantage of its nationwide gas refueling net? work， the company has actively built its hydrogen refueling network in China. It aims for the refueling capacity for this gas to reach 120，000 tons per year by 2025.

Sinopec has stepped up work at its refinery using green hydrogen， which is derived from renewable sources including solar and wind. It is also working to increase the use of renew? able energy in hydrogen production to gradually replace fossil fuel in the refinery sector. The aim is to gain a lead in the high- quality development of the nations hydrogen market and promote the consumption of cleaner energy in the trans ? portation and industrial sectors.

Thanks to these efforts， China has developed a complete industrial system for renewable energy technology during the past 10 years.

As a result， the scale of development and use of renew? able energy in China was equivalent to 753 million tons of standard coal last year， reducing 2.07 billion tons of carbon dioxide， 400，000 tons of sulfur dioxide and 450，000 tons of ni? trogen oxide， the administration said.

The nations rapid development of renewable energy has further boosted global employment. According to the recently released Renewable Energy and Jobs Annual Review 2022 from the International Renewable Energy Agency， employ? ment worldwide in the sector reached 12.7 million jobs last year， with China accounting for nearly half the total， despite the lingering effects of COVID-19 and the global energy cri? sis.

圍內(nèi)擴(kuò)大其加氫網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

該公司利用其覆蓋全國的加油網(wǎng)絡(luò)，在中國積極建設(shè)其加氫網(wǎng)絡(luò)。其目標(biāo)是2025年實(shí)現(xiàn)加氫能力每年12萬噸左右。

中石化已升級其煉油過程，使用綠色氫。綠色氫來自太陽能和風(fēng)能等可再生能源。該公司還在氫氣生產(chǎn)過程中使用更多的可再生能源，以逐步取代煉油領(lǐng)域使用的化石燃料。其目標(biāo)是在中國氫能產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展中取得領(lǐng)先地位，并促進(jìn)運(yùn)輸和工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的清潔能源消費(fèi)。

通過這些努力，中國在過去10年中已經(jīng)形成一套完整的可再生能源技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系。

因此，2021年中國可再生能源開發(fā)利用規(guī)模相當(dāng)于7.53億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤，減少二氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分別約20.7億噸、40萬噸、45萬噸。

中國可再生能源的快速發(fā)展進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了全? 球就業(yè)。國際可再生能源機(jī)構(gòu)近日發(fā)布的《可再? 生能源與就業(yè)：2022年回顧》顯示，盡管新冠疫情? 和全球能源危機(jī)的影響仍在持續(xù)，但2021年全球? 可再生能源行業(yè)的就業(yè)人數(shù)達(dá)到1270萬，其中中? 國人占總就業(yè)人數(shù)的近一半。

Nearly two- thirds of these jobs are in Asia， with China taking up 42 percent of the global figure， followed by the European Union and Brazil with 10 percent each， and the US and India with 7 percent each.

Last year， 5.4 million people were employed in the re? newable energy sector in China， up from 4.7 million in 2020. Of these positions， solar photovoltaic claimed the largest share， with a workforce estimated at close to 2.7 million， up from 2.3 million in 2020.

China also accounted for 48 percent of the 1.4 million jobs in the global onshore and offshore wind market last year. The nation was also the largest contributor to hydropower jobs， accounting for 37 percent of such employment globally， despite the pandemic delaying completion of some projects.

Liu Dechun， director of the Department of Resource Con? servation and Environmental Protection at the National Devel ? opment and Reform Commission， the countrys top economic regulator， believes China can peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 as planned， because it has made considerable progress in its green and low-carbon energy transformation during the past decade.

Chinas clean energy consumption accounted for 25.5 percent of total energy use last year， a rise of 11 percentage points from 2012. Its share of coal consumption stood at 56 percent last year， a fall of 12.5 percentage points from 2012， the department said.

The nations installed capacity for generating wind and photovoltaic power rose by about 12- fold from 2012， and its new energy power generation output exceeded 1 trillion kilo? watt-hours for the first time.

近三分之二的就業(yè)崗位在亞洲，中國占全球總數(shù)的42%，其次是歐盟和巴西各占10%，美國和印度分別占7%。

去年，中國可再生能源行業(yè)就業(yè)人數(shù)從2020年的470萬增加到540萬。光伏發(fā)電領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)最多，提供工作崗位接近270萬，高于2020年的230萬。

2021年，全球陸上和海上風(fēng)電行業(yè)創(chuàng)造了140萬個(gè)工作崗位，其中中國占比48%。盡管疫情導(dǎo)致一些項(xiàng)目建設(shè)推遲，但中國仍是水電行業(yè)就業(yè)的最大貢獻(xiàn)者，全球占比37%。

國家發(fā)展改革委資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境保護(hù)司司長劉德春認(rèn)為，中國一定能夠如期實(shí)現(xiàn)在2030年碳達(dá)峰以及在2060年碳中和的目標(biāo)，因?yàn)樵谶^去十年，中國在推動(dòng)能源綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型方面取得顯著成效。

2021年，中國清潔能源消費(fèi)占比達(dá)到25.5%，比2012年提升了11個(gè)百分點(diǎn)；煤炭消費(fèi)占比下降至56%，比2012年下降了12.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

風(fēng)光發(fā)電裝機(jī)規(guī)模比2012年增長了12倍左右，新能源發(fā)電量首次超過1萬億千瓦時(shí)。