蔣卉,馮宇,秦玉明,朱良全,范學(xué)政,丁家波*
布魯氏菌病微量補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn)的方法改進(jìn)和應(yīng)用
蔣卉1,馮宇2,秦玉明2,朱良全2,范學(xué)政1,丁家波1*
1中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京畜牧獸醫(yī)研究所,北京 100193;2中國(guó)獸醫(yī)藥品監(jiān)察所,國(guó)家/OIE布魯氏菌病參考實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京 100081
【目的】補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn)是布魯氏菌?。ê?jiǎn)稱“布病”)血清學(xué)確診方法?,F(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《動(dòng)物布魯氏菌病診斷技術(shù)》(GB/T 18646-2018)中收錄的補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn)分為常量法補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn)(CFT)和微量法補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn)(mCFT),但兩者之間的相關(guān)技術(shù)參數(shù)和結(jié)果判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均存在差異,導(dǎo)致常量法CFT和mCFT檢測(cè)結(jié)果不一致。筆者通過對(duì)mCFT參數(shù)的改進(jìn)優(yōu)化,使現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中mCFT的檢測(cè)結(jié)果等效于常量法CFT,實(shí)現(xiàn)布病CFT的高通量準(zhǔn)確診斷,對(duì)現(xiàn)有布病檢測(cè)方法進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充?!痉椒ā繀⒄詹疾〕A糠–FT反應(yīng)條件和診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)現(xiàn)行國(guó)標(biāo)中mCFT的反應(yīng)時(shí)間、稀釋液、效價(jià)測(cè)定方法、結(jié)果判定等相關(guān)參數(shù)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)優(yōu)化。改進(jìn)后的mCFT方法與原mCFT方法相比,效價(jià)測(cè)定中受檢血清的稀釋度由1﹕2—1﹕64稀釋改為1﹕10稀釋,稀釋方法與常量法CFT相同,確保微量法的檢測(cè)臨界值與常量法一致;采用酶標(biāo)儀讀取OD600值判定溶血強(qiáng)度,降低了試驗(yàn)人員肉眼判定的誤差,提升了結(jié)果判定的效率和準(zhǔn)確性;反應(yīng)時(shí)間由37℃水浴30 min縮短為20 min,提高了檢測(cè)效率又不影響檢測(cè)結(jié)果;稀釋液由巴比妥緩沖液改為生理鹽水,與常量法使用相同稀釋液并可獲得理想結(jié)果。用改進(jìn)的mCFT與國(guó)標(biāo)的mCFT、常量法CFT分別對(duì)來(lái)自內(nèi)蒙古、山東、北京、江蘇等地區(qū)的409份臨床牛、羊血清樣品(牛血清163份、羊血清246份)進(jìn)行檢測(cè),分析比較其符合率?!窘Y(jié)果】采用改進(jìn)的mCFT與常量法CFT對(duì)409份臨床樣品進(jìn)行比對(duì)檢測(cè),改進(jìn)的mCFT方法檢出53份陽(yáng)性、11份可疑、345份陰性;常量法CFT檢出53份陽(yáng)性、9份可疑、347份陰性。比較兩者檢測(cè)結(jié)果,只有2份牛血清樣品用改進(jìn)的mCFT方法檢測(cè)為可疑,而常量法CFT檢測(cè)為陰性,其余407份樣品檢測(cè)結(jié)果均一致。其中牛血清樣品的符合率98.77%,羊血清樣品的符合率100%,總符合率99.51%。而國(guó)標(biāo)mCFT方法因陽(yáng)性判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低于常量法CFT,且不設(shè)可疑區(qū)間,結(jié)果檢出97份陽(yáng)性、312份陰性。與常量法CFT結(jié)果相比較,牛血清樣品的符合率88.34%,羊血清樣品的符合率89.84%,總符合率為89.24%,遠(yuǎn)低于本研究改進(jìn)的mCFT方法與常量法CFT 99.51%的符合率?!窘Y(jié)論】通過對(duì)mCFT方法各參數(shù)的優(yōu)化,建立了一種與常量法CFT判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一致,且檢測(cè)結(jié)果高度符合的mCFT方法。
布魯氏菌??;微量法補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn);方法改進(jìn);應(yīng)用
【研究意義】布魯氏菌?。˙rucellosis,簡(jiǎn)稱布病)是由布魯氏菌引起的一種世界性重要人畜共患病,也是最易被忽視的重要傳染病之一[1-4]。家畜感染布病后主要表現(xiàn)為流產(chǎn)、早產(chǎn)、不孕、瘦弱、關(guān)節(jié)腫大和產(chǎn)奶量減少等。人感染布魯氏菌可表現(xiàn)出多種熱型,同時(shí)具有多汗、乏力、頭痛與骨關(guān)節(jié)肌肉疼痛等癥狀,若不及時(shí)治療,往往難以治愈。因而,布病嚴(yán)重危害全球牛羊養(yǎng)殖業(yè)和人類健康[5-6]。該病屬于《中華人民共和國(guó)傳染病防治法》規(guī)定的乙類傳染?。弧兑?、二、三類動(dòng)物疫病病種名錄》(中華人民共和國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部公告第1125號(hào))規(guī)定的二類動(dòng)物傳染病。上世紀(jì)90年代,通過疫苗免疫等防控措施,我國(guó)曾有效控制了畜間和人間布病疫情的發(fā)生。然而進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)之后,隨著我國(guó)畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的快速發(fā)展和家畜頻繁跨區(qū)域流動(dòng),畜間和人間布病疫情出現(xiàn)明顯反彈,并逐年遞增。當(dāng)前,布病防控形勢(shì)依然十分嚴(yán)峻,根據(jù)國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委網(wǎng)站發(fā)布公告統(tǒng)計(jì),2020年我國(guó)人間布病新增病例為47 245人,比2019年上升了7.29%。人患布病主要是因接觸患病動(dòng)物或飲用被布魯氏菌污染的生乳品而感染[7-9],準(zhǔn)確診斷是有效防控動(dòng)物布病的前提[10]。【前人研究進(jìn)展】我國(guó)《動(dòng)物布魯氏菌病診斷技術(shù)》(GB/T 18646-2018)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“布病國(guó)標(biāo)”)中布病血清學(xué)診斷方法主要有虎紅平板凝集試驗(yàn)(RBT)、全乳環(huán)狀反應(yīng)(MRT)、試管凝集試驗(yàn)(SAT)、補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn)(CFT)、iELISA、cELISA[11],其中CFT是國(guó)標(biāo)和世界動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生組織(OIE)推薦的布病血清學(xué)確診方法[12-14]。CFT與SAT相比,具有更高的特異性;雖比ELISA操作復(fù)雜,但該方法是布病陽(yáng)性血清定值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法。CFT包括常量法和微量法,微量法補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn)(mCFT)是在常量法CFT基礎(chǔ)上改進(jìn)而來(lái),與經(jīng)典的常量法CFT相比,試劑用量小,操作簡(jiǎn)便,能滿足高通量檢測(cè)需求?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】我國(guó)現(xiàn)行布病國(guó)標(biāo)中已納入CFT的常量法和微量法,但是兩種方法對(duì)于同一份血清樣本的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)卻不一致,常量法陽(yáng)性判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的臨界值是微量法的2.5倍,這種因標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差異導(dǎo)致的檢測(cè)結(jié)果差異常常給檢驗(yàn)人員造成困擾。另外,通過肉眼觀察mCFT溶血抑制程度進(jìn)行結(jié)果判定不僅帶有一定的主觀性,而且效率較低?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問題】本研究通過統(tǒng)一mCFT與常量法CFT的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),實(shí)現(xiàn)了檢測(cè)結(jié)果的高度符合;同時(shí)通過讀取OD600nm值代替肉眼對(duì)溶血程度的判定,提高結(jié)果讀取效率和結(jié)果判斷的準(zhǔn)確性。并進(jìn)一步采用常量法CFT、國(guó)標(biāo)mCFT和本方法對(duì)內(nèi)蒙古、山東、北京、江蘇地區(qū)的牛、羊血清樣品進(jìn)行檢測(cè),比較其符合率,確認(rèn)改進(jìn)mCFT方法的可靠性。
本試驗(yàn)于2020年12月至2021年1月在北京中國(guó)獸醫(yī)藥品監(jiān)察所國(guó)家/OIE布魯氏菌病參考實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行。
抗原、凍干補(bǔ)體由中國(guó)獸醫(yī)藥品監(jiān)察所生產(chǎn)供應(yīng),批號(hào)分別為202001、201904。溶血素購(gòu)自索萊寶生物科技有限公司,批號(hào)20180810。生理鹽水和阿氏液由國(guó)家/OIE布魯氏菌病參考實(shí)驗(yàn)室參照《獸用生物制品規(guī)程》(2000 版)制備[15]。紅細(xì)胞采自公綿羊,按1﹕1(體積比)保存于阿氏液中,存放于4℃。布病陽(yáng)性血清標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品購(gòu)買自英國(guó)The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC),經(jīng)CFT標(biāo)定為1000 IU,批號(hào)2BADS。日立離心機(jī),型號(hào):HITACHI CF16RN;渦旋器,型號(hào):Kylin-Bell VORTEX-5;全波長(zhǎng)酶標(biāo)儀,型號(hào):Molecular Devices MAX 190,由中國(guó)獸醫(yī)藥品監(jiān)察所提供。臨床樣品來(lái)源于2019—2020年分別從內(nèi)蒙古、山東、北京、江蘇4個(gè)不同的省份的采集的牛、羊血清409份。
取在阿氏液中保存了7 d的綿羊紅細(xì)胞(Sheep red blood cell,SRBC),以5—10倍體積的生理鹽水離心沉淀并洗滌3次,最后一次以2 000 r/min離心10 min,棄去上清,取沉淀紅細(xì)胞,用生理鹽水配制成2.5%紅細(xì)胞懸液。
取500 μL 2.5%紅細(xì)胞懸液離心后去上清,加入2 mL蒸餾水,用力振搖,使紅細(xì)胞完全溶解,再加入500 μL 4.5% NaCl溶液,制成100%溶血液。再取500 μL 2.5% 紅細(xì)胞懸液,加入2 mL生理鹽水,混勻后制成100%不溶血液。取96孔U型底微孔板,按表1制成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比色孔,使用酶標(biāo)儀讀取并記錄11個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶血孔的OD600nm值。
表1 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比色孔的配制
1.5.1 溶血素效價(jià)的測(cè)定 取0.1 mL溶血素加生理鹽水4.9 mL,制成1﹕100稀釋液(因商品化溶血素均含有等量甘油作防腐劑,因此0.1 mL中實(shí)際只含有0.05mL標(biāo)定效價(jià)的溶血素)。再取1﹕100稀釋液1 mL加生理鹽水4 mL,制成1﹕500基礎(chǔ)稀釋液。取1﹕500基礎(chǔ)稀釋液按下表2制成不同稀釋度溶血素。取1瓶?jī)龈裳a(bǔ)體,用生理鹽水配制1﹕10稀釋液。取96孔U型底微孔板,按表3依次加入不同稀釋度溶血素、2.5%紅細(xì)胞、1﹕10稀釋補(bǔ)體、生理鹽水,使總量為125 μL。振蕩混勻后置37℃水浴作用20 min,取出后立即用酶標(biāo)儀讀取并記錄各孔的OD600nm值,并參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶血孔的OD600nm值判定結(jié)果。
1.5.2 補(bǔ)體效價(jià)的測(cè)定 以生理鹽水配制1﹕10補(bǔ)體基礎(chǔ)稀釋液(如補(bǔ)體活力高可配制1﹕20基礎(chǔ)稀釋液)和一個(gè)工作量的抗原稀釋液。取96孔U型底微孔板,按表4依次加入補(bǔ)體稀釋液、抗原、生理鹽水于A行各孔,B行不加抗原用生理鹽水補(bǔ)充,其余成分與A行相同。振蕩混勻后置37℃水浴作用20 min。取出后每孔加入2.5%紅細(xì)胞和2個(gè)單位溶血素各25 μL,振蕩混勻后再置37℃水浴作用20 min,取出后立即用酶標(biāo)儀讀取并記錄各孔的OD600nm值,并參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶血孔的OD600nm值判定結(jié)果。
表2 溶血素的稀釋
表3 溶血素效價(jià)的測(cè)定
表4 補(bǔ)體效價(jià)的測(cè)定
1.5.3 抗原效價(jià)的測(cè)定 商品化抗原可按說明書稀釋到工作量使用。如要測(cè)定效價(jià),可用生理鹽水將抗原原液制成1﹕10、1﹕50、1﹕75、1﹕100、1﹕150、1﹕200、1﹕250、1﹕300、1﹕400和1﹕500稀釋液。用生理鹽水將布病陽(yáng)性血清標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品制成1﹕120、1﹕160、1﹕200、1﹕240、1﹕280稀釋液,將布病陰性血清制成1﹕10稀釋液。稀釋后的陰、陽(yáng)性血清56℃水浴滅能30 min。取96孔U型底微孔板,按表5依次加入稀釋抗原、稀釋血清、工作補(bǔ)體、生理鹽水,振蕩混勻后置37℃水浴作用20 min。取出后每孔加入2.5%紅細(xì)胞和2個(gè)單位溶血素各25 μL,振蕩混勻后再置37℃水浴作用20 min,取出后立即用酶標(biāo)儀讀取并記錄各孔的OD600nm值,并參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶血孔的OD600nm值判定結(jié)果。
1.6.1 改進(jìn)的mCFT檢測(cè) 通過上述溶血素、補(bǔ)體、抗原最佳濃度的測(cè)定后,將臨床血清409份(其中牛血清163份、羊血清246份)、陽(yáng)性對(duì)照血清和陰性對(duì)照血清在96孔深孔稀釋板中用生理鹽水作1﹕10倍稀釋,放入水浴鍋中滅能,牛血清樣品用56℃滅能30 min,羊血清樣品用58℃滅能30 min。然后取96孔U型底微孔板按表6進(jìn)行臨床樣品的檢測(cè),用酶標(biāo)儀讀取并記錄各孔的OD600nm值并判定結(jié)果。陽(yáng)性血清加抗原對(duì)照孔和溶血素對(duì)照孔,須完全抑制溶血;陽(yáng)性血清不加抗原對(duì)照孔和其他對(duì)照孔完全溶血,試驗(yàn)成立。被檢臨床血清不加抗原對(duì)照孔應(yīng)完全溶血,表明反應(yīng)結(jié)果符合要求,可判定被檢臨床血清加抗原檢測(cè)孔結(jié)果,對(duì)照表1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比色孔OD600nm值判定結(jié)果。100%溶血判定為陰性;50%—90%溶血判為可疑;0%—40%溶血判為陽(yáng)性。
表5 抗原效價(jià)的測(cè)定
1.6.2 國(guó)標(biāo)mCFT和常量法CFT檢測(cè) 按照國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《動(dòng)物布魯氏菌病診斷技術(shù)》(GB/T 18646-2018)[9]對(duì)409份臨床血清樣品分別進(jìn)行mCFT和常量法CFT檢測(cè),將1.6.1中改進(jìn)mCFT、1.6.2中國(guó)標(biāo)mCFT的檢測(cè)結(jié)果分別與常量法CFT進(jìn)行符合率比較。
表6 臨床樣品的檢測(cè)
在過量補(bǔ)體的存在下,能使25 μL的2.5%紅細(xì)胞完全溶血的溶血素最高稀釋度,即為溶血素效價(jià)。本試驗(yàn)測(cè)得溶血素效價(jià)為1﹕3 000,進(jìn)行正式試驗(yàn)時(shí),溶血素的使用濃度比其效價(jià)大一倍(即2個(gè)單位),為1﹕1 500。
在2個(gè)單位溶血素的存在下,能使25 μL的2.5%紅細(xì)胞完全溶血的補(bǔ)體最小使用量,即為補(bǔ)體效價(jià)。按公式計(jì)算,原補(bǔ)體稀釋倍數(shù)=補(bǔ)體稀釋倍數(shù)/稀釋后補(bǔ)體加入量×正式試驗(yàn)時(shí)每管需要加入的工作補(bǔ)體量。本試驗(yàn)測(cè)得第5孔為能使25 μL的2.5%紅細(xì)胞完全溶血的補(bǔ)體最小使用量,對(duì)照表4即使用的補(bǔ)體稀釋倍數(shù)為10,稀釋后補(bǔ)體加入量為11,正式試驗(yàn)時(shí)每管需要加入的工作補(bǔ)體量為25,因此原補(bǔ)體稀釋倍數(shù)為10/11×25≈22.7,補(bǔ)體應(yīng)作1﹕22.7倍使用。考慮到補(bǔ)體的不穩(wěn)定性,正式試驗(yàn)時(shí)工作補(bǔ)體濃度應(yīng)比補(bǔ)體效價(jià)大10%,即本試驗(yàn)工作補(bǔ)體濃度為1﹕20。
對(duì)布病陽(yáng)性血清標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品各稀釋度均發(fā)生最強(qiáng)抑制溶血的抗原最高稀釋度,即為抗原的效價(jià)。本試驗(yàn)測(cè)得抗原在1﹕150倍稀釋時(shí)與布病陽(yáng)性血清標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品各稀釋度均能發(fā)生最強(qiáng)抑制溶血反應(yīng),因此抗原效價(jià)為1﹕150。實(shí)際使用時(shí)應(yīng)比測(cè)得的效價(jià)提高25%的濃度使用,即本試驗(yàn)工作抗原濃度為1﹕112.5。
在2.1、2.2和2.3結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,按照表6的操作方法對(duì)來(lái)自北京(牛血清94份)、山東(牛血清69份)、內(nèi)蒙古(羊血清140份)和江蘇(羊血清106份)的409份臨床血清樣品進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。結(jié)果陽(yáng)性血清加抗原對(duì)照孔和溶血素對(duì)照孔須完全抑制溶血,陽(yáng)性血清不加抗原對(duì)照孔和其他對(duì)照孔完全溶血,試驗(yàn)成立。被檢臨床血清不加抗原對(duì)照孔完全溶血,表明反應(yīng)結(jié)果符合要求。根據(jù)判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),讀取被檢臨床血清加抗原檢測(cè)孔的OD600nm值,對(duì)照表1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比色孔OD600nm值判定結(jié)果。409份臨床牛、羊血清中53份陽(yáng)性、11份可疑、345份陰性。另外按照國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《動(dòng)物布魯氏菌病診斷技術(shù)》(GB/T 18646-2018)[9]對(duì)上述409份樣品進(jìn)行國(guó)標(biāo)mCFT和常量法CFT平行檢測(cè)。結(jié)果常量法CFT檢出53份陽(yáng)性、9份可疑、347份陰性,與本研究改進(jìn)的mCFT檢測(cè)結(jié)果相比較,只有2份牛血清樣品用改進(jìn)的mCFT方法檢測(cè)為可疑,而常量法CFT檢測(cè)為陰性,其余407份樣品檢測(cè)結(jié)果均一致。牛血清樣品的符合率98.77%,羊血清樣品的符合率100%,總符合率99.51%。而國(guó)標(biāo)mCFT方法因陽(yáng)性判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低于常量法CFT,且不設(shè)可疑區(qū)間,結(jié)果檢出97份陽(yáng)性、312份陰性,與常量法CFT相比較,牛血清樣品的符合率88.34%,羊血清樣品的符合率89.84%,總符合率為89.24%。具體結(jié)果見表7。
表7 臨床樣品布魯氏菌病補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)結(jié)果
補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn)是一種經(jīng)典的抗原、抗體檢測(cè)方法,可用于診斷各種傳染病,是免疫學(xué)上一個(gè)應(yīng)用較廣泛的重要試驗(yàn)[16-17]。在布病的血清學(xué)診斷方法中,相較于其他方法,CFT具有更高的特異性[18-20],是國(guó)際公認(rèn)的確診方法之一[21-23],但是該方法操作復(fù)雜,實(shí)驗(yàn)體系包括溶血素、紅細(xì)胞、補(bǔ)體、血清、抗原、生理鹽水等多種成分[24-25],除生理鹽水以外,其余5種成分相互間存在著嚴(yán)格的量值關(guān)系[26]。因此該試驗(yàn)對(duì)操作人員的要求較高,且用時(shí)長(zhǎng),未能在基層實(shí)驗(yàn)室得到廣泛應(yīng)用[27-28]。盡管如此,CFT方法作為布病陽(yáng)性血清定值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法[13, 29],是用于國(guó)際間布病實(shí)驗(yàn)室能力比對(duì)的重要方法之一,在布病血清學(xué)診斷中具有不可替代性。
我國(guó)布病診斷國(guó)標(biāo)中CFT包括常量法和微量法兩種。常量法試劑使用量較大,擺放和標(biāo)記試管費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力,不適合大量樣本的檢測(cè)。微量法相對(duì)于常量法更容易操作,適用于大量樣本的檢測(cè)。目前布病診斷國(guó)標(biāo)中采用的微量法與常量法對(duì)陰陽(yáng)性結(jié)果的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在較大差異,比如在常量法中,對(duì)布病陽(yáng)性的判定值≥50 IU·mL-1;而在微量法中,布病陽(yáng)性的判定值為≥20 IU·mL-1。因此,當(dāng)某一份血清其布病抗體效價(jià)介于20—50 IU·mL-1時(shí),微量法檢測(cè)為陽(yáng)性,而常量法則判為陰性或可疑。因此,統(tǒng)一微量法與常量法的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)十分必要。另外,由于微量法在判定溶血抑制程度時(shí)是通過肉眼比較各反應(yīng)孔與溶血標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比色孔之間的接近程度進(jìn)行的,主觀性強(qiáng),而且費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力,誤差較大。
針對(duì)布病診斷國(guó)標(biāo)中mCFT存在的突出問題,本研究參照常量法CFT的反應(yīng)條件和判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),從反應(yīng)時(shí)間、稀釋液、效價(jià)測(cè)定方法、結(jié)果判定等各方面對(duì)國(guó)標(biāo)mCFT進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),改進(jìn)后的方法既提升了mCFT的檢測(cè)效率,又能達(dá)到了常量法的準(zhǔn)確性。為了克服檢驗(yàn)人員對(duì)96孔U型底微孔板溶血程度判定的誤差,本研究采用了酶標(biāo)儀讀取溶血強(qiáng)度;反應(yīng)時(shí)間由37℃水浴30 min縮減為20 min,與常量法CFT反應(yīng)時(shí)間一致,既提高的檢測(cè)效率又不影響檢測(cè)結(jié)果;稀釋液由巴比妥緩沖液改為生理鹽水,主要是巴比妥類試劑為中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的鎮(zhèn)靜劑,可用于鎮(zhèn)靜與麻醉,難以購(gòu)買獲得,而與常量法CFT一樣使用生理鹽水作為稀釋液亦可獲得滿意的結(jié)果;效價(jià)測(cè)定中受檢血清的稀釋度由1﹕2—1﹕64稀釋改為1﹕10稀釋,稀釋方法與常量法CFT一致,確保了微量法與常量法判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一致。在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們用改進(jìn)的mCFT方法與常量法同時(shí)對(duì)409份臨床牛、羊血清樣品進(jìn)行檢測(cè),結(jié)果符合率99.51%,高于國(guó)標(biāo)中mCFT與常量法89.24%的符合率。
需要注意的是補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn)各成分之間量的關(guān)系起始于紅細(xì)胞,以紅細(xì)胞作為基礎(chǔ)尺度,才能規(guī)定溶血素和補(bǔ)體的用量[30]。有了補(bǔ)體的用量,衡量受檢血清的陰、陽(yáng)性才有了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如果紅細(xì)胞的用量改變了,則規(guī)定出來(lái)的補(bǔ)體用量和陰、陽(yáng)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也就改變了。因此每次試驗(yàn)操作中紅細(xì)胞的濃度和用量必須準(zhǔn)確,新配制的紅細(xì)胞懸液應(yīng)重新配置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶血孔并讀取OD600nm值,重新滴定溶血素和補(bǔ)體的效價(jià),才能使每次試驗(yàn)得到相同的結(jié)果,確保試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性和可重復(fù)性。
通過對(duì)微量法補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn)(mCFT)各參數(shù)的優(yōu)化,建立了一種與常量法補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗(yàn)(CFT)判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一致,且檢測(cè)結(jié)果高度符合的mCFT方法,特別是通過酶標(biāo)儀讀數(shù)代替肉眼觀察,保證了檢測(cè)結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性,同時(shí)縮短了檢測(cè)時(shí)間。與常量法CFT相比較,操作步驟相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,適用于實(shí)驗(yàn)室大量樣本的檢測(cè),更易在基層實(shí)驗(yàn)室推廣應(yīng)用。在國(guó)家/OIE布病參考實(shí)驗(yàn)室大量臨床樣本的檢測(cè)中,該方法與布病間接ELISA方法的聯(lián)合使用,提高了檢測(cè)結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性,是對(duì)現(xiàn)有布病診斷方法的完善與補(bǔ)充。
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Method Improvement and Its Application of Micro Complement Fixation Test for Brucellosis
JIANG Hui1, FENG Yu2, QIN YuMing2, ZHU LiangQuan2, Fan XueZheng1, DING JiaBo1*
1Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193;2National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081
【Objective】 The complement fixation test is used as a confirmatory test for the serodiagnosis of brucellosis.The complement fixation tests are divided into constant complement fixation test (CFT) and micro complement fixation test (mCFT) in diagnostic techniques for animal brucellosis (GB/T 18646-2018).However, there are differences in the related technical parameters and judgment of the result between them, which lead to the inconsistency of CFT and mCFT results.In this study, By the improvement and optimization of the parameters of mCFT, this study made the detection results ofmCFT equivalent to classicalCFT, and achieved the high-throughput and accurate diagnosis of CFT for brucellosis.【Method】 According to classical CFT reaction conditions and diagnostic criteria, the reaction time, diluent, titer determination, result judgment and other related parameters for the current national standard of mCFT were optimized and improved.Compared with the original method, the dilution of the tested serum was changed from 1:2-1:64 to 1:10.The dilution method was the same as classical CFTso that the detection critical value was consistent with the constant method.The OD600value was read by the microplate reader to determine the hemolysis intensity, which reduced the error caused by visual judgmentandimproved the efficiency and accuracy of result judgment.The reaction time was shortened from 30 min to 20 min in water bath at 37℃, which improved the detection efficiency without affecting the results.The diluent was changed from barbital buffer to normal saline, which used the same diluent of classical CFT andachievedsatisfactory results.The 409 clinical bovine and sheep serum samples (163 bovine serum samples and 246 sheep serum samples) from Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Beijing and Jiangsu were detected by improved mCFT, the national standard mCFT,and classical CFT, respectively.The coincidence rate was analyzed and compared.【Result】By detecting the 409 clinical samples, the result showed that 53 samples were positive, 11 sampleswere suspicious and 345 were negative by improved mCFT.The 53 positivesamples, 9 suspicioussamples and 347 negative samples were detected by classical CFT.Compared with the results of the two methods, only two bovine serum samples were suspicious by the improved mCFT, which were negative by classical CFT.The results of the other 407 samples were consistent.The coincidence rate of bovine serum samples was 98.77%, which of sheep serum samples was 100%, and the total coincidence rate was 99.51% between improved mCFT and classical CFT.However, the positive criteria of national standard mCFT were lower than that of classical CFT, and no suspicious interval was set.The results showed that 97 samples were positive and 312 samples were negative.Compared with the results of classical CFT, the coincidence rate of bovine serum samples was 88.34%, which of sheep serum samples was 89.84%; the total coincidence rate was 89.24%, which was far lower than 99.51% of improved mCFT and classical CFT.【Conclusion】 By optimizing the parameters of mCFT, the mCFT method was established, which was highly consistent with the criterion and the results of the classical CFT.
brucellosis; micro complement fixation test; method improvement; application
2021-04-12;
2021-05-31
國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(2016YFD0500902)
蔣卉,E-mail:15011216921@163.com。通信作者丁家波,Tel:010-61255327;E-mail:dingjiabo@126.com
(責(zé)任編輯 林鑒非)