NarratologyisanInterestingSubject：InterviewingProfessorFuXiuyan/QIUZongzhenFUXiuyan

Abstract： This interview is based on the topic that “Narratology is an interesting subject”. The study of narrative is like a free journey through the possible world, which allows people to enjoy many interesting things beyond daily life. No matter how complex and profound the study is, its beginning must be related to the curiosity of the researcher. The curiosity of the researcher triggered by the interest once aroused, even the most boring work can become interesting. Researchers should find interesting things from boring work. There are only boring people but no boring learning. Keen interest is the impetus for the explorers to carry on with their study. The most meaningful life should be spent in the academic ocean and fight with big storms and waves. Innovation is the essence of academic research, which can bring about the most intoxicating happiness in the world.

Keywords： narratology; interest; taste

FromLiteraryStudiestotheConstructionofTheoreticalDiscourse:InterviewingProfessorQiaoGuoqiang/ZHENGJiaQIAOGuoqiang

Abstract： Professor Qiao Guoqiang is a distinguished scholar in foreign literature studies in China, with high attainments in the fields of English and American literature, western literary theory, narratology, and comparative literature. In this interview, Professor Qiao talks about his views on a list of issues, including American Jewish literature, narratology, and Chinese discourse system. In his view, American Jewish literature is not only fascinating, but also has distinct ethnic characteristics, especially Holocaust literature, which directly or indirectly reflects the identity and moral orientation of the writers. At the same time, Professor Qiao analyzes the fictional nature of literary history from the perspective of narrative, and points out that narratology as a critical method needs to be combined with other related academic disciplines and other critical models in order to gain a broader scope for development. Finally, he proposes that the construction of Chinese narrative theory and Chinese discourse system should be rooted in Chinese cultural traditions and incorporate the essence of Western thoughts, so as to form a research system that can both integrate itself into the international academia and reflects our national characteristics. We need to accomplish this task by building up a sense of independence in research.

Keywords： American Jewish literature; narratology; theory of Chinese narrative; Chinese discourse system

ClearingtheMistof“CommonSense”:OntheRelationshipBetweenRealismandRomanticism/JIANGChengyong

Abstract： The nineteenth-century Western Realism appeared as a literary trend following Romanticism. The two trends represent certain antagonistic relation in their literary propositions, and are thus habitually regarded as “two different camps of ‘isms’”. As a matter of fact, the works of Stendhal and Balzac, as representatives of realism, showing both traces of romanticism and differences from ordinary romanticism, can be labelled as “romantic realism”. Realist writers inherited and developed the romantic interest and value of “aesthetics of ugliness”, thus revealing their modern, anti-traditional aesthetic orientation. While reversing the “non-utilitarian” literary concept of romanticism, realism also carried forward the social critical and cultural critical features of romanticism. Therefore, although realism and romanticism belong to the “isms” of two different literary camps, they are not completely separated. Instead, there is a deep “connection” conceived in their “antagonistic relation”. Realism, as the successor to romanticism, carried forward the romantic tradition in various ways.

Keywords： realism; romanticism; antagonism and entanglement; modernity

LiteraryImageandNationalImage/SUOYuhuan

Abstract： China’s economic boom supports its cultural prosperity, and China’s cultural reconstruction reinforces its economic advancement. The 21stcentury witnesses China’s prominent role on the world stage, so the Chinese takes it for their common glorious mission to build up China’s image of great responsible nation. Assisted by a comparison of Chinese and American literature of the last hundred years in terms of production and circulation, this article attempts to identify the noticeable contribution of literature to the building and spreading of national image. No less important, the article uncovers the undeniable fact that literary production differs from ideological and political construction in that literary production does not intend to idealize or idolize its host nation, and that it sometimes even examines or criticizes the nation. As long as writers are sincere, and the works are honest, literature helps build up a positive and constructive image of the nation. In addition to the production of literature, its adaption into motion pictures, its translation into other languages, and its discussion at international conferences and on international journals also help with the construction, promotion and decoration of national image. Therefore, for literature to aid the promotion of national image, unique practice of literary production and circulation of literature must be honestly respected. Devotedly and patiently carry out the literary projects, and a positive national image will arise thereby.

Keywords： literary image; national image; honest; open-minded; go-globe

TheSpectatorandFemaleReading/HEChangLIYifan

Abstract： As a famous literary periodical in the early 18thcentury, the publication ofTheSpectatorattracted much attention at that time. In recent years, some scholars have pointed out thatTheSpectatorhas created a series of rational and independent female images from a relatively objective perspective. This is in contrast to Virginia Woolf’s view. The latter believed that even if the position of the periodical seemed objective, gender inequality still existed because the spectator there was a “male spectator”. This paper attempts to argue that although we cannot ignore the contribution ofTheSpectatorin constructing the history of female reading and the image of ideal female readers, it is also undeniable that it tried to confine women to the private sphere by guiding their readings. Behind such a contradiction, the gender anxiety caused by the female reading in the 18thcentury is self-evident.

Keywords：TheSpectator; female readers; public sphere; private sphere; gender anxiety

這個孩子還說，他起初想在這座城市好好混，有了一定的基礎(chǔ)，再把奶奶和弟弟接過來?，F(xiàn)在，他覺得陪伴對弟弟來說，才是最好的成長，也是對弟弟最好的幫助。在他這句話面前，我竟然無話可說，只能繼續(xù)感動。

BessieHead’sViewonPeople’sLiterature/LUMin

Abstract： Foreign Marxist writers and artists highly agree with the answer to the question of “l(fā)iterature for whom” raised by Mao Zedong in “Talk at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art”. The worldly-renowned African writer Bessie Head was influenced by the literary theory of “people’s literature” developed in China and put forward her thought of “reverence for the people” in relation to literary creation. Bessie was influenced by the communism in South Africa in her youth. After her exile in Botswana, she maintained close ties with progressive journals in Africa and other continents. As an African intellectual, her acceptance of people’s literature was a sign of effort to transform herself through close contact with local people and it was inspired constantly by the information that she got about China’s development. She later devoted herself to the creation of African historical works, adopting the creative route of conveying the voice of the people and depicting the great men in African history through the eyes of the people. Not directly influenced by the works created by Chinese writers advocating people’s literature, her works are surprisingly similar to Chinese works of the same theme, showing African people’s fighting spirit, enthusiasm, and action in resisting colonial rules, participating in modern agricultural and social reforms, and developing modern education. This is one of the clear proofs of the important influence of people’s literature on African writers.

Keywords： Bessie Head; People’s Literature; “Talks at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art”; African historical writings

TheConceptionofLanguageinJo?Bousquet’sCriticalTheory/BIEZhi

Abstract： Jo? Bousquet is a French poet, novelist, literary and art critic in the first half of the 20thcentury. His works constitute a magnificent and diverse system, among which his poetic theory still provides a unique example for the relationship between poetic writing and reality. As a fellow traveler of the Surrealist movement, Bousquet, on the basis of accepting modern mainstream poetry, pays more attention to the combination of writing and ontological exploration, demonstrating the transcendence in language and writing behavior. His literary theory focuses on reproducing the passion and inner throbbing of life at the moment of writing, looking for a new language that can rebuild the relationship between people, time and space, and things, and on clarifying that poets use perceptual writing and cognitive experience to update language and open up new areas of cognition and action so as to let people meet with the world and open themselves to the “endless night of existence”.

Keywords： new language; hidden truth; new relationship; criticism and transcendence

TraumaandAlienation:AnAnalysisofVeterans’IdentityCrisisinTheSoldier’sReturn/LIUHuminFANGJieling

Abstract： One of the award-winning novels of the British W. H. Smith Prize in 2000,TheSoldier’sReturn, is a semi-biographic novel written by Melvyn Bragg modelled after his father, which depicts the many difficulties a World War Ⅱ veteran Sam Richardson confronted with in getting along with his family and adapting to the society again after his return. Sam experiences personal, family and social identity crises, which reveals that war-engendered trauma has brought upon a great impact both mentally and physically upon returned soldiers, resulting in their self-alienation and isolation from the society. This paper is to explore how war-induced trauma leads to the socially marginalized identities of the returned soldiers owing to their identity crises and its underlying cultural factors from the perspective of trauma recovery theory and identification. It is attempted to reveal that in order to cure the trauma and return to family and society, those retired soldier need more help in identity reconstruction than psychological treatment.

Keywords：TheSoldier’sReturn; war trauma; identification

War,TraumaandUtopia:AStudyofYukoTsushima’sAnti-warNovelTheAgeofGlaryWater/YANLirui

Abstract： Yuko Tsushima’s representative novelTheAgeofGlaryWaterin her mid-stage writing career puts the 1990s in a broader historical background through the recollections of World War II. The novel reveals the cruelty of war and the evils of racial discrimination and hegemonism through the characters’ painful traumatic memories of war and identity crisis.The traumatic writing and utopian description of the novel reflect the writer’s anti-war tendency, and her rethinking of the status quo and future of human existence in the co-reference of history and text.The disillusionment and reconstruction of utopia not only reflect the trauma of minority groups, but also add idealistic color to the gloomy realist tone of the novel, showing the author’s good wish of building a human community and realistic concern.

Keywords： Yūko Tsushima;TheAgeofGlaryWater; trauma; war; utopia

WhoisSylvia？:AnInterpretationofTheGoat,orWhoIsSylvia?fromthePerspectiveofPost-humanism/LEIYu

Abstract： In American absurd playwright Edward Albee’s playTheGoat,orWhoIsSylvia?, Sylvia-the goat, takes on varied looks depending on the characters’ different ideas. From the perspective of post-humanism, it can be found that Martin’s wife Stevie, because of her anthropocentrism, regards Sylvia as an animal that forms a binary opposition to humans and as a sign marked by language as “a goat”, while Martin who has the reflective consciousness is inspired by Sylvia’s gaze. In Sylvia’s eyes, the understanding and soul make Martin aware of his own poverty of existence. In fact, the poverty of existence is caused by modern humans who place themselves above nature and draw a strict line between themselves and the animal, which makes themselves impossible to be involved in their own or other’s existence because of their closed minds. Therefore, they are doomed to be lonely and their humanity is distorted.

Keywords： Edward Albee; Sylvia; modern humans; post-humanism; reflection

TheCrisesofCommunitiesinAristophanes’sComedies/LIShunpeng

Abstract： By depicting the situation inside and outside the polis, Aristophanes discussed the severe tests faced by the Athens in the process of the Athens Empire gradually developing and reaching its peak and then turning into a downward trend, these tests not only threatened the polis community, but also threatened the family community and Panhellenic community. In Aristophanes’sTheAcharniansandTheClouds, the three communities were on the verge of the crises, this provided an opportunity for the Athenian audience in the theater to “know yourself”, and also showed them the possible way out of dilemma.

Keywords： Aristophanes; community; family; polis; Panhellenic

OntheUniqueWritingStyleofAestheticsofJohnKeats’sToAutumn/YANGQiaonanWUYongqiang

Abstract：ToAutumnis one of the masterpieces written by the British poet John Keats. The ode not only gives a vivid description of the autumn but also has unique artistic values. It exhibits not only a gorgeous view of the abundance and beauty of the autumn, demonstrating the harmony between man and nature but also the unique beauty and his imagination, reaching a natural and breathtaking artistic peak. It has laid down a foundation for the creation and development of the British poetry of romanticism, fully embodying its unique style of aesthetics, that is, the beauty in ecology, nature, harmony, images, rhetoric, structure and rhythm. This paper is intended to analyze and interpret the unique artistic writing style of the odeToAutumnto explore the values of aesthetics through John Keats’s notion of “Beauty is truth and truth is beauty” and to interpret its contemporary practical significance, producing a relatively profound impact on the appreciation and development of modern literature and aesthetics.

Keywords： John Keats;ToAutumn; the writing style of aesthetics

AuroraLeigh:PoetryandWomanhood/HUOHongli

Abstract： Focusing on female experience and its effects on poetic aspiration, this poem records Aurora’s struggle with womanhood. Her understanding of this manifests one major aspect of her poetic growth, which goes roughly through three stages. At first, she describes the poet as a male, and correspondingly disguises herself as a male, and rejects her conventional life. In the second stage, by stressing the need of two-fold life, she accepts her female gender. She attains her poetic success yet lives a pathetic life. She concludes that the poet has a two-fold gender and finally reclaims her conventional life by speaking out her love for Romney. It is remarkable that throughout the poem Aurora equals poetry and art with life, and this statement serves as a firm foundation for her changing ideas.

Keywords：AuroraLeigh; poetry; womanhood