楊燕
1. 我叔叔是個(gè)好廚師。
【誤】My uncle is a good cooker.
【正】My uncle is a good cook.
【析】很多動(dòng)詞加上-er就變?yōu)樵搫?dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,如worker, teacher, reader等,但cook作動(dòng)詞意為“做飯”,作名詞意為“廚師”;而cooker則是“廚具;炊具”之意。
2. 有朝一日,人們將能夠去月球旅行。
【誤】One day people will can travel to the moon.
【正】One day people will be able to travel to the moon.
【析】can指主語已有的能力、條件,只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的句子中。而be able to多指主語通過努力而“能夠做某事”,它可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)的句子中。
3. 我想有一所屬于自己的房子。
【誤】I’d like to have own my house.
【正】I’d like to have my own house / a house of my own.
【析】在強(qiáng)調(diào)所屬關(guān)系時(shí),我們可以在名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞(而不是代詞)后面加上own;我們還經(jīng)常用“a(n) + 名詞 + of one’s own”來代替“one’s own + 名詞”。
4. 請(qǐng)給我一張紙。
【誤】Please give me a paper.
【正】Please give me a piece of paper.
【析】paper是不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞表達(dá)數(shù)量時(shí),要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來修飾,如:two pieces of paper (兩張紙)。但是要注意:paper作為“紙”講,是不可數(shù)名詞,而作為“報(bào)紙、考卷、文章”講時(shí),則是可數(shù)名詞。
5. 攪拌器在桌子上,請(qǐng)把它打開。
【誤】The blender is on the table. Please open it.
【誤】The blender is on the table. Please turn on it.
【正】The blender is on the table. Please turn it on.
【析】open與turn on都可譯成“打開”,但是它們使用的場(chǎng)合不同,“打開”窗戶、門、書等,多用open;而turn on用于“開”電視、收音機(jī)、攪拌器、自來水、煤氣等。且turn on是由“動(dòng)詞 + 副詞”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語,當(dāng)賓語是名詞時(shí),放在副詞的前后均可;當(dāng)賓語是代詞時(shí),則只能放在副詞的前面。
6. 如果明天不下雪,他會(huì)去爬山。
【誤】He will go mountain climbing unless it doesn’t snow tomorrow.
【正】He will go mountain climbing unless it snows tomorrow.
【正】He will go mountain climbing if it doesn’t snow tomorrow.
【析】unless意為“除非;如果不”,是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,含有否定意義,相當(dāng)于if條件狀語從句的否定形式,即unless 相當(dāng)于if ... not。
7. 他對(duì)我的問題不知如何作答。
【誤】He did not know how to reply my question.
【正】He did not know how to reply to my question.
【析】當(dāng)reply指“答復(fù)”時(shí),是不及物動(dòng)詞,如有賓語應(yīng)加介詞to,賓語應(yīng)該是答復(fù)的具體對(duì)象。
8. 我媽媽生我氣了。
【誤】My mother was angry to me.
【正】My mother was angry with me.
【析】注意be angry后面如果接人,表示“對(duì)某人生氣或不滿”時(shí)應(yīng)用be angry with sb.,但要接事物時(shí)要用be angry at sth.。
9. 孩子們正盼望著去旅行。
【誤】The children are looking forward to take a trip.
【正】The children are looking forward to taking a trip.
【析】look forward to意為“期待;盼望”,其中to作介詞,后面應(yīng)接名詞或者v-ing形式,不接動(dòng)詞不定式。
10. 比賽期間運(yùn)動(dòng)員們互相交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
【誤】During the competitions players exchanged experiences.
【正】During the competitions players exchanged experience.
【析】experience指由實(shí)踐得來的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),是不可數(shù)名詞,無復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不與不定冠詞連用;experience可作“經(jīng)歷”講,這時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。如:Please tell us about your experiences in Africa. 請(qǐng)跟我們談?wù)勀阍诜侵薜慕?jīng)歷。
(作者單位:江蘇省鹽城市神州路初級(jí)中學(xué))