一、閱讀理解

A

In a new field named“necrobotics”,researchers converted the bodies of wolf spiders（蜘蛛）into grippers（抓取器）that can operate objects.The idea was born from a simple question,explains Faye Yap,a mechanical engineer at Rice University in Houston.Why do spiders roll up when they die?

The answer: Spiders are machines operated by liquid moving under pressure.They control how much their legs extend by forcing blood into them.A dead spider no longer has that blood pressure,so its legs roll up.“We were just thinking that was so cool,”Yap says.“We wanted to take full advantage of it.”

Her team first tried putting dead wolf spiders in a double boiler,hoping that the wet heat would make the spiders expand and push their legs outward.That didn’t work.But when the researchers injected（注射）liquid straight into a spider body,they found that they could control its grip well enough to pull wires from a circuit board and pick up other dead spiders.Only after hundreds of uses did the necrobots start to become dewatered and show signs of wear.

See how this“necrobot”gripper,made from a dead wolf spider,picks up another dead spider.The attached injector pushes the liquid in and out of the spider it’s glued to,making the body’s legs open and shut.

In the future,the researchers will coat spiders with a sealant to hold off that decline.But the next big step is to control the spiders’ legs individually,Yap says,and in the process,figure out more about how spiders work.Then her team could translate their understanding into better designs for other robots.

“That would be very,very interesting,”says Rashid Bashir,a bioengineer at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.A spider body itself would probably have problems as a robot,he says,because it won’t perform consistently like“hard robots”and its body will break down over time.But spiders can definitely offer lessons to engineers.“There’s a lot to be learned from biology and nature,”Bashir says.

1.What can we know about the necrobots?

A.They are damageable.

B.They can live a long life.

C.They are made of live spiders.

D.They work by injecting blood.

【解析】

1.A 推理判斷題。

【全能解析】根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Only after hundreds of uses did the necrobots start to become dewatered and show signs of wear.”可知，僅在使用上百次之后，necrobots 就開始脫水并有磨損跡象。由此可推知，necrobots 是易壞的。故選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】本題中選項(xiàng)D 為強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，蜘蛛在活著的時(shí)候是通過控制進(jìn)入腿部的血量來控制腿的伸展程度。考生很容易因此主觀臆斷而誤選D。但本文題干問的是對(duì)necrobots 的了解，而并非對(duì)蜘蛛的了解。故可排除D。

B

During her childhood summer holidays,McIntosh,her mother and little brother would make the short trip from Glasgow to Loch Lomond to rent a boat,pack it with camping supplies and head for the islands.The trips became a tradition.

However,her mother became unwell.Any thought of summer camping trips faded away,as McIntosh,aged 13,became one of the young carers across Britain with round-the-clock responsibility for her parent’s welfare.The young girl’s world became about helping her mother.At 18,she found herself anxious and unsure of what to do next.It was at that point that she was encouraged to apply for a 19’day residential course with Outward Bound,which prides itself on uprooting youngsters from their home comforts,giving funded places to those like McIntosh from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Four years on and McIntosh credits the course with making her who she is today.It was so transformative that she is training to become an outdoor instructor herself.“I learnt more about myself in those 19 days than I had in my entire life.”

“When you’re in the middle of nowhere,you feel quite vulnerable.You learn to bond and trust quite quickly,”she recalls.Then came the moment described as one of the best of her life.The group had been asked to climb Ben Nevis but when they were close to the summit,they realized they had not left enough time and had to turn back.The next day they returned and completed it.

“Climbing Ben Nevis twice in two days,that’s not something I ever would have thought I was capable of doing at the start of the course,”she said,still beaming about it years later.

To become an instructor,McIntosh is gaining qualifications in climbing,skiing,and mountain leadership,as well as studying for a diploma in counseling.She wants to take her mother,who is losing her eyesight,camping again.“I hope that before that happens I will be able to take her out and show her the things that I get to see,”she said.

1.What did McIntosh and her family do during her childhood summer holiday?

A.Rowed a boat on Loch Lomond.

B.Made a short trip to Glasgow.

C.Rent a boat and camping supplies.

D.Went camping on the islands.

2.Which of the following best describes McIntosh?

A.Unlucky and qualified.

B.Responsible and kind.

C.Caring and persistent.

D.Pitiful and easy’going.

【解析】

1.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

【全能解析】根據(jù)第一段第一句“During her childhood summer holidays，...to rent a boat,pack it with camping supplies and head for the islands.”可知，在 MeIntosh 童年的暑假期間，她和她的母親、弟弟將從格斯哥到羅蒙湖進(jìn)行短途旅行，租一觸船，裝上露營用品，然后前往群島。由此可知，在童年的假期間MeIntosh 和她的家人在群島露營。故選 D。

【關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】對(duì)于涉及時(shí)空變化和事件過程信息較多的題目，解題關(guān)鍵是梳理和弄清信息點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】本題中C 項(xiàng)為 強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。C 項(xiàng)雜糅了原文信息點(diǎn)，將租船和在船上裝上露營用品兩個(gè)信息點(diǎn)混為一談，表達(dá)為租船、租露營用品。故排除 C 項(xiàng)。

2.C 推理判斷題。

【全能解析】通讀全文尤其是最后一段第一、二句“To become an instructor,MeIntosh is gaining qualifications in climbing,skiing,and mountain leadership...who is losing her eyesight，camping again.”可知，為了成為一名戶外教練，MeIntosh 正在獲得攀巖滑雪和登山領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方面的資質(zhì)，同時(shí)還在攻讀咨詢專業(yè)的文憑，她想帶視力逐漸衰退的母親再去露營。由此可推知，她是一個(gè)體貼且堅(jiān)持不懈的人。故選 C。

【關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】對(duì)人物的評(píng)價(jià)要從多方面來看，從文章句子直接的表述來看，MeIntosh 是細(xì)心且體貼的；從文章的中心思想并結(jié)合具體事例可分析出MeIntosh在照顧母親的同時(shí)兼顧學(xué)習(xí)，說明她是有毅力且堅(jiān)持不懈的人。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】本題中B 項(xiàng)為強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。從MIntosh 多年悉心照顧母親來看,她確實(shí)是負(fù)責(zé)的且善良的。但是，這只是她的一個(gè)方面。在照顧母親之余，她還堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)，完善自己，在登山遇到困難時(shí)不屈服等都說明了她是有毅力的人。她還希望以后能夠把母親帶到戶外去，像小時(shí)候母親帶她去野營一樣，我們更覺得她不僅是善良，而且是發(fā)自內(nèi)心地去關(guān)心自己的母親。故C 項(xiàng)為最佳答案，可以排除 B 項(xiàng)。

C

According to National Renewable Energy Laboratory experts,air cooling is already responsible for 3.94% of yearly carbon emissions（排放）worldwide,which will only worsen as higher global temperatures continue to drive the growing need for air conditioning.Meanwhile,increased energy bills and a lack of gas supply are other significant concerns.The climate change and energy issues call for serious efforts to carry out more effective projects to answer these challenges.

Heat pumps（泵）seem to be visible,and they are gaining attention—particularly in the US and UK.They function by transferring heat from the outside air to water while generating cold air,thereby keeping homes cool.According to a recent study,using heat pumps can help homeowners reduce greenhouse gas emissions,save money on energy,and improve their health.The findings,published in Environmental Research Letters,indicate that heat pumps will lower emissions for two-thirds of families while benefiting one-third of US homeowners financially.

Dalrada Corporation was established by Brian Bonar in 1982 with a vision to transform meaningful ideas into solutions to serve humanity.Since then,the organization has expanded its operations to serve plentiful business sectors.The company helps industrial,commercial,and consumer industries in various sections,such as science,health care,engineering and technology.Dalrada’s high-temperature CO2-based heat pump offers clean heating and cooling without requiring burning fossil（化石）fuels.The technology is promising,and the US government had selected Dalrada’s heat pump as a green building pioneer to inspire more energy transformation new technologies.

According to multiple studies focusing on the hotel industry,the most expensive bill is for electricity,followed by water and gas.Dalrada’s LikidoTM heat pump is the company’s flagship product.A lowcarbon,heating and cooling pump design provides an extraordinary solution for reducing dependence on fossil fuels.Eventually,this creative technology has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and costs for hotels around the world.

1.What can we learn about air cooling?

A.It takes up about 1/25 of the world’s carbon emissions every year.

B.It drives the global temperature to go higher dramatically.

C.It is the biggest consumption of many households.

D.It is urgent to cut off the use of the air cooling system.

2.Why is the US government’s selection mentioned in the third paragraph?

A.To prove Dalrada’s heat pump technology has a bright future.

B.To show Dalrada Corporation has meaningful ideas.

C.To advertise the company’s various high-tech products.

D.To suggest the company has good relations with the government.

【解析】

1.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

【全能解析】根據(jù)第一段第一句“According to National Renewable Energy Laboratory experts,air cooling is already responsible for 3.94% of yearly carbon emissions worldwide ...”可知，據(jù)美國國家可再生能源實(shí)驗(yàn)室的專家稱，空氣冷卻已經(jīng)占據(jù)全球每年碳排放量的3.94%，即空氣冷卻產(chǎn)生的碳排放量占全球每年碳排放量的1/25。故選A。

【關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】本題題干為：關(guān)于空氣冷卻，我們能了解到什么？這就要求考生將閱讀重點(diǎn)放在文章的第一段上，文章開篇第一句提到，空氣冷卻產(chǎn)生的碳排放量約占全球每年碳排放量的3.94%，而A 選項(xiàng)中的1/25=4%，兩個(gè)數(shù)字基本相當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】本題中的C 選項(xiàng)為強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。C 項(xiàng)為“C.它是許多家庭最大的消費(fèi)”，文章中沒有正式提到，但是受到日常生活中的影響，考生容易把自身帶入，自認(rèn)為“根據(jù)常識(shí)”，從而得出該錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。

2.A 推理判斷題。

【全能解析】根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句“The technology is promising,and the US government had selected Dalrada’s heat pump as a green building pioneer to inspire more energy transformation new technologies.”可知，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)很有前景，美國政府已經(jīng)選擇Dalrada 的熱泵作為綠色建筑的先驅(qū)，以激勵(lì)更多的能源轉(zhuǎn)換新技術(shù)。由此可推知，第三段提到美國政府的選擇是為了證明Dalrada 的熱泵技術(shù)前景廣闊。故選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】D 選項(xiàng)“暗示公司與政府有良好的關(guān)系”為強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)，第三段最后一句提到“這項(xiàng)技術(shù)很有前景，美國政府已經(jīng)選擇Dalrada 的熱泵作為綠色建筑的先驅(qū)，以激勵(lì)更多的能源轉(zhuǎn)換新技術(shù)”，考生會(huì)認(rèn)為這一句暗示了政府和該公司有良好的關(guān)系，但是文章的主旨是介紹這種綠色環(huán)保技術(shù)，故可將D 排除。

二、七選五

The Geography Bee,more properly known as the National Geographic Bee,begins in schools with students from fourth through eighth grade across the United States in December and January.

Each school champion takes a written test upon winning the Bee in their school.One hundred school winners from each state proceed to the State Level Finals in April,based on their scores on a written test scored by the National Geographic Society.The ten finalists compete on day two and the winner is announced and wins a college scholarship.1 .

An atlas（地圖冊(cè)）can help you become very familiar with the continents,countries,states,islands,and major physical features of our planet.2 .

Prepare flashcards or use some other technique to memorize the capitals of the countries and the capitals of the fifty United States.

Take as many practice quizzes as possible.There are hundreds of multiple-choice Geography Quizzes that will definitely help.3 .Be sure to use an atlas to look up or understand the questions that you’ve missed.

Read the newspaper and news magazines to learn about geography and to stay up-to-date with major news and events happening around the world.4 .These events usually occur in the latter part of the year before the Bee.Look up any unfamiliar place names you encounter.

Knowing the main languages,currencies,religions,and former country names is definitely a bonus.It’s most important at the state and national levels.5 .If you can review the key concepts of physical geography from the physical geography textbook,do so!

A.So start with a world map

B.Get information in a library

C.National Geographic offers a daily GeoBee Quiz online

D.Some Bee questions come from the geography of current events

E.Become familiar with the terms and concepts of Physical Geography

F.What follows are tips to help you prepare for the National Geographic Bee

G.Use Outline Maps of the world and continents to test yourself on this information

【解析】

1—5 FACDE

2.A 邏輯關(guān)系題

【全能解析】上文講地圖冊(cè)能幫助你熟悉洲、國、州、島嶼和地球的主要物理特征。A 項(xiàng)“所以從世界地圖開始”承接上文，符合語境。故選 A。

【關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】段尾設(shè)空通常是本段的主題句或結(jié)論一般需要研讀前句，利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。A 項(xiàng)中的map 與上文中的atlas（地圖冊(cè)）呼應(yīng)，上下句銜接緊密。

3.C 邏輯關(guān)系題。

【全能解析】上文講盡可能地多測(cè)驗(yàn)。成百上千道地理多選測(cè)驗(yàn)題肯定會(huì)有幫助。C 項(xiàng)“國家地理每日在線提供 GeoBee 測(cè)驗(yàn)”與上文銜接緊密，符合語境。故選 C。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】D 項(xiàng)中的“questions”與上文中的“quizzes”呼應(yīng)；G 項(xiàng)中的“Maps”與下文中的“atlas”呼應(yīng)。雖然存在詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，但干擾項(xiàng) D、G 句在意上無法實(shí)現(xiàn)前后銜接。

4.D 邏輯關(guān)系題。

【全能解析】上文講閱讀報(bào)紙和時(shí)事刊物來學(xué)習(xí)地理并及時(shí)了解世界各地發(fā)生的重大新聞和事件；下文講這些事件經(jīng)常發(fā)生在 Bee 競(jìng)賽開始前的下半年。D 項(xiàng)“Bee 競(jìng)賽的一些問題來自時(shí)事地理”承上啟下，符合語境。故選 D。

【關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】代詞指代前面提到的人或物，有時(shí)指代前面的事件。利用指代關(guān)系可以排除干擾項(xiàng)。

三、語法填空

A

Virtual stars proved a very great success at 1(vary) New Year celebration galas hosted by television stations and video platforms.The appearance of virtual beings at New Year galas staged by TV stations and online platforms 2 (reflect) just how popular these figures have become in China in the past 12 months.

According to a report on the virtual people industry last year,the 3 (estimate) market scale of virtual humans was some 12.08 billion yuan(176 million) 4 it will reach about 20.52 billion yuan this year.The report said digital beings are now used 5 (wide) in the entertainment and cultural sectors as icons,anchors,etc.In China,largely,this boom 6(drive) by Generation Z—those born in the late 1990s or early 2000s,who are seen as 7 (be) familiar with digital technology,the Internet,and social media from a young age.

The boom in virtual stars has been accompanied by policy support 8 the central and local governments.In October 2021,the Radio and Television Administration announced a plan to promote the wider 9 (apply)of virtual anchors and animated presenters in news broadcasts,weather forecasts,variety shows,and education programs.Plentiful media outlets,as 10 consequence,have hired digital employees.

【解析】

1.various 2.reflects

3.estimated 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。

【全能解析】動(dòng)詞estimate 與被修飾的market scale 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語，故填estimated。

【常考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞是語法填空題的?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)。此類題的解題誤區(qū)有：

（1）誤以為過去分詞作定語時(shí)一定表被動(dòng)。原則上，過去分詞作定語時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義。但也有少數(shù)過去分詞作定語時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)意義，而只表示完成意義。（2）想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)單個(gè)過去分詞作定語一定前置。單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，既可前置，也可后置，其區(qū)別是：如果前置，則表明這個(gè)過去分詞具有形容詞的特征（有的已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞）；如果后置，則表明這個(gè)過去分詞仍為動(dòng)詞（其動(dòng)作意味很強(qiáng)，通?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為定語從句）。

4.and 5.widely

6.is driven 7.being

8.from 9.application 10.a

B

Martial arts enthusiast from the US finds his place in Wudang Mountains,writing a book,building a happy family life 1 an online following.

With his blond hair,blue eyes,high nose and white skin,Jake Pinnick easily stands out and draws the attention of visitors,especially as he performs the tai chi moves 2 (precise).

The 32-year-old 3 (fascinate) by Chinese martial arts since he was a kid,when he really enjoyed watching films featuring Chinese kung fu stars.Pinnick has committed himself 4 learning Chinese martial arts for 12 years.Years of learning and practice have brought him great benefits.

“You can break down the 5 (move),try to understand them,and approach them differently,while the training keeps your mind very active and body very healthy,”he says.

Pinnick 6 (take) on an additional challenge of playing the Chinese bamboo three years ago.His latest English-language book,introducing the history of the bamboo flute and the skills 7 (require) to play it,has got heated reviews online.He looked up 8 large number of related Chinese books,found the key information and integrated his personal experiences.It took him nearly a year to finish the book,9 also covers 108 classic musical works for bamboo flute.

“I hope my book will enable foreigners online 10 (understand) the charm of the ancient Chinesetraditional instrument,”he says.

【解析】

1.and 考查連詞。

【全能解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，a happy family life 和 an online following 是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用and連接。故填and。

【關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】觀察句子結(jié)構(gòu)，分析空白處前后句式結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞上的特點(diǎn)。

2.precisely

3.has been fascinated

4.to?？疾榻樵~。

【全能解析】本題考查固定搭配commit oneself to...表示“使自己致力于……”。故填to。

【關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】熟詞生義可以根據(jù)已學(xué)詞匯知識(shí)聯(lián)系新的語境。學(xué)生對(duì)commit 的了解更多是“犯罪”，這里需要根據(jù)語境理解commit to的意思。commit to 在此處應(yīng)為“致力于……”的意思。

5.moves

6.took

7.required。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。

【全能解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞has got，此處為非謂語。被修飾詞skills與動(dòng)詞require 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。故填required。

【關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】解決本題的關(guān)鍵在于認(rèn)清句子的謂語與非謂語。因此分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)是根本。

【常考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】本題易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)在于辨別非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞。解決此類問題需要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定謂語動(dòng)詞，分析主語與謂語的關(guān)系，從而判斷提示詞是謂語還是非謂語。再根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的基本用法確定具體的形式。

8.a?？疾楣谠~。

【全能解析】固定搭配a large number of...意為“大量的……”，故填a。

【?？家族e(cuò)點(diǎn)】a large number of 和the number of 結(jié)構(gòu)相近，但意思不同。

9.which

10.to understand