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釓塞酸二鈉增強MRI T1 mapping評價肝細胞癌病理分級的價值

2023-04-29 06:39呂清清徐兵陳靜靜
精準(zhǔn)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志 2023年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:信號強度肝細胞分級

呂清清 徐兵 陳靜靜

[摘要] 目的 探討釓塞酸二鈉(Gd-EOB-DTPA)增強MRI增強前后的T1值評價肝細胞癌(hepatocelluar carcinoma,HCC)病理分級的價值。方法 回顧性分析2019年3月—2020年6月青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院收治的75例HCC患者(共75枚病灶)的平掃及Gd-EOB-DTPA增強MRI圖像,根據(jù)Edmondson-Steiner分級將病灶分為低級別組(Ⅰ~Ⅱ級)和高級別組(Ⅲ~Ⅳ級)。采用T1 mapping技術(shù),分別測量兩組病灶增強前T1值(T1pre)及肝膽特異期T1值(T1-HBP),并計算T1減少值(△T1)和T1值減少率(△T1%),比較不同病理分級間T1pre、T1-HBP、△T1、△T1%的差異,并分析各定量指標(biāo)與病理分級的相關(guān)性,對有顯著性的指標(biāo)采用受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線及曲線下面積(AUC)分析其檢驗效能。結(jié)果 低級別組與高級別組HCC患者T1pre、T1-HBP、△T1%比較差異有顯著性(t=-3.725~2.551,P<0.05),△T1比較差異無顯著性(P>0.05);相關(guān)性分析顯示T1pre、T1-HBP與HCC病理分級呈正相關(guān)(r=0.293、0.472,P<0.05),△T1%與HCC病理分級呈負相關(guān)(r=-0.254,P<0.05),△T1與HCC病理分級無顯著相關(guān)性(P>0.05);T1pre、T1-HBP、△T1%區(qū)分低級別組與高級別組HCC的AUC分別為0.676(95%CI=0.542~0.810,P<0.05)、0.784(95%CI=0.671~0.897,P<0.05)、0.654(95%CI=0.531~0.775,P<0.05),最佳截斷值分別為1 253.5 ms、875.5 ms與40.5%,相應(yīng)的靈敏度分別為72.9%、83.3%、39.6%,特異度分別為63.0%、74.1%、92.6%。結(jié)論 Gd-EOB-DTPA增強MRI T1pre、T1-HBP及△T1%對術(shù)前HCC病理分級具有一定的預(yù)測價值。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 癌,肝細胞;磁共振成像;釓DTPA;T1 mapping;腫瘤分級;診斷

[中圖分類號] R445.2;R735.7? ? [文獻標(biāo)志碼] A

[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the value of T1 value before and after Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI in evaluating the pathological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).? Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the plain scan and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI images of 75 HCC patients (75 lesions in total) who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from March 2019 to June 2020. According to Edmondson-Steiner grading, lesions were divided into low-grade group (grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) and high-grade group (grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ). The T1 mapping technique was used to measure pre-enhanced T1 value (T1pre) and hepatobiliary-specific T1 value (T1-HBP), and the reduction in T1 value (△T1) and the reduction rate of T1 value (△T1%) were calculated. T1pre, T1-HBP, △T1, and △T1% were compared between the lesions with different pathological grades, and the correlation between each quantitative index and pathological grade was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to analyze the efficiency of each statistically significant index. Results There were significant differences in T1pre, T1-HBP, and △T1% between the low-grade group and the high-grade group (t=-3.725-2.551,P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in △T1 between the two groups (P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that T1pre and T1-HBP were positively correlated with the pathological grade of HCC (r=0.293,0.472,P<0.05), and △T1% was negatively correlated with the pathological grade of HCC (r=-0.254,P<0.05); there was no significant correlation between △T1 and the pathological grade of HCC. T1pre, T1-HBP, and △T1% had an AUC of 0.676 (95%CI=0.542-0.810,P<0.05), 0.784 (95%CI=0.671-0.897,P<0.05), and 0.654 (95%CI=0.531-0.775,P<0.05), respectively, in differentiating between low-grade HCC and high-grade HCC, with a sensitivity of 72.9%, 83.3%, and 39.6%, respectively, and a specificity of 63.0%, 74.1%, and 92.6%, respectively, at the optimal cut-off values of 1 253.5 ms, 875.5 ms, and 40.5%, respectively.? Conclusion T1pre, T1-HBP, and △T1% of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI have a certain value in predicting the pathological grade of HCC.

[KEY WORDS] Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Magnetic resonance imaging; Gadolinium DTPA; T1 mapping; Neoplasm gra-ding; Diagnosis

肝細胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是全球發(fā)病率第6位惡性腫瘤,也是導(dǎo)致癌癥相關(guān)死亡的第4大原因[1]。我國是肝癌的高發(fā)國家,手術(shù)切除是目前HCC最有效的治療方法,但手術(shù)預(yù)后往往并不理想,5年復(fù)發(fā)率高達80%[2]。研究表明,Edmondson-Steiner分級是影響HCC患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立因素[3-5]。因此術(shù)前明確HCC組織病理學(xué)分級,有助于指導(dǎo)臨床選擇有效的治療方案,以提高手術(shù)治療效果,改善患者預(yù)后。既往有很多研究以MRI病變組織信號強度的變化來預(yù)測HCC病理分級,但這種方法有很大的主觀性,導(dǎo)致預(yù)測的病理分級結(jié)果不相同[6-7]。T1 mapping作為一種測量組織T1值的MRI定量技術(shù),測量的T1值更加客觀、可靠。目前,國內(nèi)利用T1 mapping評價HCC病理分級的研究報道比較少。本研究采用釓塞酸二鈉(Gd-EOB-DTPA)進行增強MRI檢查,利用T1 mapping通過測量增強前后的T1值,探討各定量指標(biāo)在術(shù)前評價HCC病理分級的價值。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選取我院2019年3月—2020年6月經(jīng)病理證實的HCC患者。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)手術(shù)或穿刺病理檢查證實為HCC,并且有組織分化程度的評估者;②患者術(shù)前2周內(nèi)行MRI平掃及Gd-EOB-DTPA增強MRI掃描,且有T1 mapping序列者;③圖像質(zhì)量較優(yōu)者。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患者影像學(xué)資料不完整;②患者術(shù)前接受過其他治療,如射頻或微波消融、肝動脈化療栓塞、放射治療等;③圖像質(zhì)量較差者。根據(jù)以上標(biāo)準(zhǔn),最終納入了HCC患者共計75例(75枚病灶)。

1.2 圖像分析及T1值的測量

所有圖像均傳輸至圖像存儲與傳輸系統(tǒng)進行分析,由2位腹部影像診斷醫(yī)師對圖像能否用于測量和計算進行判斷。T1值的測定在增強前及肝膽特異期的T1 mapping序列上進行,于相同部位分別勾畫圓形或橢圓形感興趣區(qū)(ROI),測量同一位置的T1值,病灶的ROI放置在病灶最大層面上,并參考T2WI圖像和增強圖像,ROI的選擇應(yīng)避免包括壞死組織、大的血管、膽管和偽影區(qū)域。增強前T1值(T1pre)以及肝膽特異期T1值(T1-HBP)分別測量3次,取平均值,并計算病灶T1減少值(△T1)和T1值減少率(△T1%),其中△T1=T1pre-T1-HBP;△T1%=(T1pre-T1-HBP)/T1pre×100%。

1.3 病理學(xué)診斷

根據(jù)Edmondson-Steiner病理分級,所有病灶分為Ⅰ~Ⅳ級[8]。本研究將Ⅰ~Ⅱ級病灶納入低級別組,Ⅲ~Ⅳ級病灶納入高級別組。

1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法

利用SPSS 19.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理。對所有數(shù)據(jù)進行正態(tài)性檢驗,正態(tài)分布的計量資料以±s表示,計數(shù)資料用率表示。正態(tài)分布計量資料的組間比較采用獨立樣本t檢驗,計數(shù)資料的組間比較采用χ2檢驗或Fisher確切概率法。相關(guān)性分析采用Spearman相關(guān)分析方法。使用受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線及曲線下面積(AUC)分析有顯著性指標(biāo)的診斷效能。以P<0.05為差異有顯著性。

2 結(jié)? 果

75例HCC患者(共75枚病灶)中,男63例,女12例;年齡41~75歲,平均(56.43±7.57)歲;75例患者均有慢性肝炎病史,44例伴有肝硬化;病灶位于肝右葉57例,位于肝左葉18例;病灶最大徑10~70 mm,平均(31.04±13.25)mm;根據(jù)Edmondson-Steiner病理分級:Ⅰ級6例,Ⅱ級42例,Ⅲ級26例,Ⅳ級1例,低級別組48枚病灶,高級別組27枚病灶;兩組HCC患者年齡、性別、慢性肝炎情況、肝硬化情況、病灶部位及病灶大小方面比較差異無顯著性(P>0.05)。見表1。

低級別組與高級別組HCC患者的T1pre、T1-HBP、△T1%比較差異具有顯著意義(t=-3.725~2.551,P<0.05),△T1比較差異無顯著意義(P>0.05),見表2。相關(guān)性分析顯示,T1pre、T1-HBP與HCC的病理分級呈正相關(guān)(r=0.293、0.472,P<0.05),△T1%與HCC病理分級呈明顯的負相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=-0.254,P<0.05),△T1與HCC病理分級則沒有顯著相關(guān)性(P>0.05)。T1pre、T1-HBP、△T1%區(qū)分低級別組以及高級別組HCC的AUC分別為0.676(95%CI=0.542~0.810,P<0.05),0.784(95%CI=0.671~0.897,P<0.05)以及0.654(95%CI=0.531~0.775,P<0.05),最佳截斷值分別為1 253.5 ms、875.5 ms、40.5%,所對應(yīng)靈敏度分別為72.9%、83.3%、39.6%,特異度分別為63.0%、74.1%、92.6%。見圖1。

3 討? 論

Gd-EOB-DTPA是一種新型的肝細胞特異性對比劑,其化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)決定了其特有的雙重生物學(xué)行為,一方面可用作非特異性細胞外間隙對比劑,并通過腎臟排泄;另一方面,可通過肝細胞膜上的有機陰離子轉(zhuǎn)運體(OATP)1B3被肝細胞選擇性吸收,再通過肝細胞膜膽系面上的多耐藥性蛋白由膽管系統(tǒng)排泄[9]。Gd-EOB-DTPA經(jīng)靜脈注入體內(nèi)后,約50%被功能正常的肝細胞攝取,正常肝實質(zhì)細胞強化,大約20 min后肝實質(zhì)達到最大強化程度,即肝膽特異期,持續(xù)約2 h[10]。Gd-EOB-DTPA在肝膽特異期的圖像使得病變與正常肝實質(zhì)的對比更明顯,從而可以提高肝臟病變影像學(xué)檢測和分類的靈敏度及特異度[11-13],Gd-EOB-DTPA增強MRI還被認為是診斷早期肝癌靈敏度最高的檢查方法[14-15]。

既往的研究中,常用的方法是通過分析病變組織的相關(guān)檢查信號強度變化來預(yù)測HCC的病理分級。如TONG等[16]通過研究分析Gd-EOB-DTPA增強MRI平掃以及肝膽特異期的HCC信號強度變化,得出腫瘤與正常肝臟組織對比增強率,以此來預(yù)測較小的且內(nèi)部無壞死的HCC的病理分級。而SCHELHORN等[17]則通過觀測動脈期、門脈期、延遲期及肝膽特異期HCC信號強度,發(fā)現(xiàn)其信號強度與病理分級沒有明顯相關(guān)性。通過測量信號強度變化預(yù)測HCC病理分級存在一定的局限性,因為這種方法有很大的主觀性,且信號強度受很多因素影響。T1 mapping技術(shù)彌補了這一不足,它是一種測量組織T1值的MRI定量技術(shù),測量的T1值反映了組織弛豫時間的變化,弛豫時間是組織固有性質(zhì),不會受到技術(shù)因素及成像參數(shù)等的影響。Gd-EOB-DTPA在體內(nèi)能被肝細胞特異性攝取而縮短其T1值,不同的病變因?qū)d-EOB-DTPA的攝取、分布不同而會有不同的T1值,因此,通過測量肝內(nèi)局灶性病變在增強前后的T1值,可以了解病變T1值的變化規(guī)律,為診斷和鑒別診斷提供定量指標(biāo)[18-19]。

本研究采用肝細胞特異性對比劑Gd-EOB-DTPA進行增強MRI,結(jié)合T1 mapping技術(shù),結(jié)果顯示,利用T1pre、T1-HBP及△T1%可以區(qū)分低級別組HCC與高級別組HCC,隨著病灶級別增高,T1pre、T1-HBP增高,而△T1%降低。本研究結(jié)果顯示,T1pre、T1-HBP及△T1%與HCC病理分級均具有相關(guān)性,T1-HBP的相關(guān)性最好。通過T1pre、T1-HBP以及△T1%區(qū)分低級別組與高級別組HCC的AUC分別為0.676、0.784、0.654,與T1pre及△T1%相比,T1-HBP對區(qū)分低級別組與高級別組HCC有較好的診斷價值。根據(jù)最大約登指數(shù)相對應(yīng)截斷值的靈敏度及特異度中,T1-HBP較T1pre的靈敏度、特異度更高,具有更好的診斷效能。當(dāng)△T1%取值為40.5%時,特異度高達90%以上,但隨著特異度的增高,其靈敏度降低。本研究中,低級別組與高級別組HCC的T1-HBP較T1pre均減低,但其對應(yīng)的△T1在兩組間的差異無顯著性,且與病理分級無顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系。

本研究的結(jié)果提示,HCC病灶可以攝取Gd-EOB-DTPA,隨著HCC分級的增加,Gd-EOB-DTPA的攝取量減少。HCC的腫瘤細胞仍保存著部分肝細胞的功能,其超微結(jié)構(gòu)觀察亦顯示高、中分化癌在細胞形態(tài)、細胞核、細胞器、細胞接觸面等更接近于正常肝細胞,因而具有部分正常肝細胞功能,能攝取Gd-EOB-DTPA。HCC對Gd-EOB-DTPA的攝取是由OATP1B3的表達決定的[20]。本研究中,T1pre、T1-HBP、△T1%可以區(qū)分低級別組與高級別組HCC的機制與OATP1B3的表達是否有關(guān)有待進一步研究。

近年來,T1 mapping技術(shù)的應(yīng)用得到了簡化,在MRI掃描過程中,可以自動地獲取對比前后T1mapping?;贕d-EOB-DTPA增強MRI的T1 mapping技術(shù)主要應(yīng)用在肝臟彌漫性及局灶性病變的診斷研究[21-26]。CHEN等[27]通過對45例HCC患者的研究表明,Gd-EOB-DTPA增強MRI的平掃T1值及T1-HBP對預(yù)測HCC的病理分級具有一定的參考價值,這與本研究結(jié)果相符。然而,CHEN等[27]研究中△T1%與HCC病理分級無相關(guān)性,與本研究結(jié)果并不一致,造成這種差異的原因,可能是樣本選擇偏差的結(jié)果。PENG等[28]研究結(jié)果表明,不同病理分級的HCC在Gd-EOB-DTPA增強前后T1降低的百分率不同,本研究結(jié)果與此相似。

本研究的局限性主要有:①本研究屬于回顧性研究,需要今后更進一步的臨床實踐和前瞻性研究來豐富和確認相關(guān)的研究結(jié)果;②本研究入組病例不夠多,Edmondson-SteinerⅠ級、Ⅳ級的HCC分別只有6例和1例,對整體數(shù)據(jù)可能會有影響,還需要后續(xù)進一步研究來證實T1值在預(yù)測HCC病理分級中的作用。

綜上所述,本研究中Gd-EOB-DTPA增強MRI T1pre、T1-HBP及△T1%在術(shù)前預(yù)測HCC病理分級具有一定的可行性,其準(zhǔn)確結(jié)論還需大樣本研究以進一步驗證。

倫理批準(zhǔn)和知情同意:本研究涉及的所有試驗均已通過青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會的審核批準(zhǔn)(文件號QYFYWZLL26909)。所有試驗過程均遵照《人體醫(yī)學(xué)研究的倫理準(zhǔn)則》 的條例進行。受試對象或其親屬已經(jīng)簽署知情同意書。

作者聲明:呂清清、陳靜靜參與了研究設(shè)計;呂清清、徐兵、陳靜靜參與了論文的寫作和修改。所有作者均閱讀并同意發(fā)表該論文。所有作者均聲明不存在利益沖突。

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(本文編輯 耿波 厲建強)

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