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中考定語從句解題四個(gè)技巧

2023-05-30 19:43:54劉白
關(guān)鍵詞:先行代詞定語

劉白

一、觀察法

這里的觀察具體包括:觀察先行詞,觀察引導(dǎo)詞的位置,觀察定語從句所缺的句子成分。請看下列試題:

(2022·安徽·合肥)1. I? hate? people _________ don ’t? help? others? when? they? are? in? trouble

A. who? ? ? ? ? ?B. which? ? ? ? ?C. whose? ? ? ? ?D. where

解析:正確答案為A??疾槎ㄕZ從句先行詞的用法。通過觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),先行詞為

people,引導(dǎo)詞處于主語的位置,定語從句的所缺句子成分為主語。我們知道:先行詞為those,? they,all, persons,people ,he,anyone,one時(shí),定語從句用關(guān)系代詞who來引導(dǎo),不用that. 故選A。

(2022·浙江·杭州)2. Being? blind? is? something _______ most? people? can’ t imagine

A. who? ? ? ? ? ?B. what? ? ? ? ? ?C. that? ? ? ? ? ?D. whom

解析:正確答案為C。本題考查定語從句只用關(guān)系代詞that不用which的情況。通過觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),先行詞為something,引導(dǎo)詞處于賓語的位置,定語從句的所缺句子成分為賓語。我們知道:當(dāng)先行詞為something,anything等不定代詞時(shí),定語從句只用關(guān)系代詞that不用which . 故選C。

二、代入法

我們知道,定語從句與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系,定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分。同時(shí),定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞代指其前面的先行詞。比如,Tom? was? the? last? student? who? I? met? in? the? park . 引導(dǎo)詞who代指的就是其前面的先行詞 the? last? student 。由此,我們可以采取將先行詞代入到從句中的方法來判定定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

(2022·四川·宜賓)1. — What? kind? of? music? do? you? like ?

— I? like? music _______ I? can? dance? to. A. because? ? ? ? ?B. when? ? ? ? ?C. who? ? ? ? ? D. that

解析:正確答案是D。將先行詞music代入到定語從句 I? can? dance? to中,從句變?yōu)?I? can? dance? to? music. 該句子成分完整,符合邏輯,意義通達(dá)。顯然,先行詞music在定語從句中做介詞to的賓語,排除because與when .又因music為物,排除who .

(2022·天津)2. Teenagers? like? reading? the? books ______ are written? by? Guo? Jingjing

A. who? ? ? ? ? ?B what? ? ? ? ? ?.C. whose? ? ? ? D. that

解析:正確答案是D。將先行詞the? books代入到定語從句“______ are? written? by? Guo? Jingjing”中,從句變?yōu)門he? books? are? written? by? Guo? Jingjing.該句子成分完整,符合邏輯,意義通達(dá)。顯然,先行詞the? books 在定語從句中做主語,同時(shí) the? books 為物,故選D。

三、對比法

(2022·廣西·南寧)1. - Linda , cm? you? tell? me? something? about? Mo? Yan?

- Sure.? He? is? the? writer ______ won? the? Nobel(諾貝爾)Literature? Prize .

A. which? ? ? ? ?B. whose? ? ? ? C. who? ? ? ? D. whom

解析:正確答案是C??疾槎ㄕZ從句的引導(dǎo)詞的用法。因?yàn)閣hich先行詞為物;whose 先行詞為人或物,作定語,后必須接名詞;who先行詞為人,作主、賓、表語;whom先行詞為人,只作賓語。根據(jù)先行詞the? writer為人,作主語。所以選擇答案C。

(2022·甘肅·蘭州)2. A? WeChat(微信)is? an? invention ________can? help? people? talk? to? friends, share? photos, ideas? and? feeling? freely. A. which? ? ? ? ? B. who? ? ? ? ?C. whose? ? ? ?D. /

解析:正確答案是A。考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的用法。因?yàn)閣hich先行詞為物,作主、賓語(可省略);who先行詞為人,作主、賓語(可省略)、表語;whose先行詞為人或物,作定語,后必須接名詞;whom先行詞為人,只作賓語(可省略)。根據(jù)先行詞an? invent為物,作主語,不可省略。所以選擇答案A。

四、分析法

1. This? is? the? primary? school _______I studied? three? years? ago.

A. where? ? ? ? ?B. when? ? ? ? ?C. that? ? ? ? ?D. which

解析:正確答案是A。考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。定語從句的先行詞the? primary? school,分析定語從句“I? studied? three? years? ago ”,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該句屬于典型的主語+謂語的結(jié)構(gòu)(studied為不及物動(dòng)詞,后不接賓語),three? years? ago.為時(shí)間狀語??膳袛嘞刃性~the? primary? school在該定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。關(guān)系副詞where通常在定語從句做地點(diǎn)狀語。故選A

2. I? can? never? forget? the? day _______we? worked? together? and? the? day_______ we? spent? together .

A. when ; which? ? B .which ;when

C .what ; that? ? ? D. on which ; when 。

解析:正確答案是A。兩個(gè)先行詞the? day 都是表示時(shí)間的名詞。第一個(gè)定語從句we? worked? together 中缺少狀語,所以,第一個(gè)空要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when/on? which .在第二個(gè)定語從句we? worked? together中,缺少賓語(動(dòng)詞spent的賓語),第二個(gè)空要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語,因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

【真題鏈接】

1. Mary? Sm? ith? says? she? likes? to? have? friends ________ are? different? from? her.(2022·貴州·貴陽)

A. whose? ? ? ? ? ? B .which? ? ? ? ? C. who

2. I? hate? those _______ don’ t? help? others? when? they? are? in? trouble. (2022·廣東·廣州)

A. who? ? ? ? B. which? ? ? ? ?C .what? ? ? ? ?D. where

3. The? girl _____ catches? the? flowers? on? a? wedding? will? be? the? next? to? get? married .(2022·四川·成都)

A. whom? ? ? ?B. which? ? ? ? ?C. who? ? ? ? ?D. whose

4. I? can ’ t? forget? the? time _______ the? earthquake? happened? in  Yushu(2022·黑龍江·哈爾濱)

A. when? ? ? ? B. which? ? ? ? ?C. where

5. Steve? Jobs? is? one? of? the? persons _______ founded? A pple? Computer Company.? His? death? marked? the? end? of? an? era(時(shí)代). (2022·江蘇·南京)

A. who? ? ? ? B. whom? ? ? ? ?C. which? ? ? ? ? D. /

6. -Now? many? people? smoke? and? get? ill (2022·廣西·玉林)

-So? we? should? do? something _______can? help? stop? smoking .

A. what? ? ? ?B. who? ? ? ? ? C. /.? ? ? ? ? ?D. that? ? ? Keys:? 1 ~ 6 CACAAD

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