張文嫻 鄧圣福
摘要: 為研究離散非線性薛定諤方程在不動點(diǎn)附近的1∶1共振問題,將離散非線性薛定諤方程化為差分系統(tǒng),差分系統(tǒng)線性算子的特征值為兩重根1;然后,利用Picard迭代及時間1映射,將差分系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換為常微分系統(tǒng),推導(dǎo)差分系統(tǒng)不動點(diǎn)的穩(wěn)定性;最后,用數(shù)學(xué)軟件模擬差分系統(tǒng)的局部相圖.研究結(jié)果表明:不動點(diǎn)是局部漸近穩(wěn)定的.
關(guān)鍵詞: 離散非線性薛定諤方程; 差分系統(tǒng); 1∶1共振; Picard迭代; 退化平衡點(diǎn); 多項(xiàng)式函數(shù)
中圖分類號: O 175.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A?? 文章編號: 1000-5013(2023)04-0526-07
1∶1 Resonance of Discrete Nonlinear Schrdinger Equation
ZHANG Wenxian, DENG Shengfu
(School of Mathematical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China)
Abstract: In order to study 1∶1 resonance problem of discrete nonlinear Schrdinger equation near the fixed point, firstly, this discrete nonlinear Schrdinger equation is transformed into a difference system, the eigenvalue of the difference system linear operator is double root 1, and then, by? the use of? Picard iteration and the time-one map, this difference system is converted into an ordinary differential system, the stability of the fixed point of the difference system is obtained. Lastly, the local phase portraits of the difference system are also simulated by mathematical software. The result shows that the fixed point is locally asymptotically stable.
Keywords: discrete nonlinear Schrdinger equation; difference system; 1∶1 resonance; Picard iteration; degenerate equilibrium; polynomial function
離散非線性薛定諤方程在科學(xué)界受到很大的關(guān)注,Holstein[1]在1959年首次獲得與時間無關(guān)的形式.Davydov[2]在研究蛋白質(zhì)和其他生物材料能量轉(zhuǎn)移時,推導(dǎo)出依賴時間的形式.Pelinovsky等[3-4]考慮一類離散非線性薛定諤方程的規(guī)范形,在反連續(xù)極限下證明了離散亮孤子和暗孤子的穩(wěn)定性和不穩(wěn)定性.Fitrakis等[5]討論具有飽和非線性的動態(tài)晶格中的暗孤子,并比較其與立方非線性晶格中的暗孤子.Melvin等[6]考慮具有飽和非線性的離散薛定諤方程中行波的存在性、穩(wěn)定性及動力學(xué).Tarasov[7]得到一個可以看作是連續(xù)薛定諤方程精確離散化的方程.Khawaja等[8]導(dǎo)出具有3次聚焦離散非線性薛定諤方程的PN(Peierls-Nabarro)勢解析公式.2019年,Lin等[9]研究一類離散非線性薛定諤方程基態(tài)解的存在性.
本文考慮如下離散非線性薛定諤方程[10],即
4 數(shù)值模擬
無控制的情形下,取ε=1,β=-0.15,μ0=4,可知常微分系統(tǒng)(16)的平衡點(diǎn)為不穩(wěn)定的鞍點(diǎn),差分系統(tǒng)(3)的不動點(diǎn)為不穩(wěn)定的鞍點(diǎn).當(dāng)ε=1,β=-0.15時,系統(tǒng)(16)在(0,0)附近的相圖,如圖1所示.
當(dāng)ε>0,β<0時,由系統(tǒng)(3)可知,對任意初值(v0,w0),迭代后(vn,wn)最終只位于第1象限或第3象限.當(dāng)ε=1,β=-0.15,μ0=4時系統(tǒng)(3)在(0,0)附近的相圖,如圖2所示.圖2中:set為相圖.
取ε=0.5,β=0.5,μ0=4,可知常微分系統(tǒng)(16)的平衡點(diǎn)為穩(wěn)定的中心,系統(tǒng)(3)的不動點(diǎn)為穩(wěn)定的中心,其附近由不變曲線構(gòu)成.當(dāng)ε=0.5,β=0.5時,系統(tǒng)(16)在(0,0)附近的相圖,如圖3所示.當(dāng)ε=0.5,β=0.5,μ0=4時,系統(tǒng)(3)在(0,0)附近的相圖,如圖4所示.
在有控制的情形下,取ε=1,β=-0.15,μ0=4,A1,1=0.15,A1,2=-1.55和ε=0.5,β=0.5,μ0=4,A1,1=0.15,A1,2=-1.55.控制系統(tǒng)(17)的不動點(diǎn)是漸近穩(wěn)定的.當(dāng)ε=1,β=-0.15時,控制系統(tǒng)(17)在(0,0)附近的相圖,如圖5所示.當(dāng)ε=0.5,β=0.5時控制系統(tǒng)(17)在(0,0)附近的相圖,如圖6所示.
5 結(jié)束語
研究離散非線性薛定諤方程在退化不動點(diǎn)處的穩(wěn)定性.首先,利用Picard迭代及時間1映射將差分系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)化為常微分系統(tǒng),差分系統(tǒng)不動點(diǎn)的定性性質(zhì)等價于常微分系統(tǒng)高階退化平衡點(diǎn)(0,0)的定性性質(zhì),然后,利用正規(guī)形及Briot-Bouquet變換得到平衡點(diǎn)的性質(zhì).從而得到當(dāng)ε>0,β<0時,差分系統(tǒng)(3)的不動點(diǎn)(0,0)為不穩(wěn)定的鞍點(diǎn);當(dāng)ε>0,β>0時,差分系統(tǒng)(3)的不動點(diǎn)(0,0)為穩(wěn)定的中心,其附近由不變曲線構(gòu)成.最后,使用多項(xiàng)式函數(shù)控制離散系統(tǒng),使其不動點(diǎn)(0,0)局部漸近穩(wěn)定.參考文獻(xiàn):
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(責(zé)任編輯:? 陳志賢? 英文審校: 黃心中)