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ET-1對血管平滑肌細胞ANO1表達的影響及機制

2023-08-26 10:33吳雪張文秀趙慧韓曉華
關(guān)鍵詞:平滑肌比值受體

吳雪 張文秀 趙慧 韓曉華

[摘要]目的探討內(nèi)皮素-1(ET-1)對大鼠血管平滑肌細胞(VSMCs)鈣激活氯通道anoctamin 1(ANO1)表達的影響及機制。方法以不同濃度(0.1、1.0、10.0、100.0、1 000.0 nmol/L)ET-1處理VSMCs 24 h或用1.0 nmol/L ET-1處理不同時間(1、6、12、24、48 h),觀察ET-1對ANO1蛋白表達的影響。用磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)抑制劑LY294002阻斷PI3K/AKT通路,檢測磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)和ANO1蛋白表達的變化。采用組織貼塊法進行大鼠胸主動脈VSMCs的原代培養(yǎng),采用Western blot法檢測ANO1蛋白水平。結(jié)果0.1~1 000.0 nmol/L ET-1處理明顯促進ANO1蛋白表達(F=4.302,P<0.05),以1.0 nmol/L ET-1作用最為顯著(q=8.707,P<0.05)。用1.0 nmol/L ET-1處理細胞不同時間后,ANO1蛋白表達水平增加(F=4.856,P<0.05),其中ET-1作用12~48 h ANO1表達差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義(q=2.903~5.673,P<0.05)。采用LY294002(10 μmol/L)預(yù)處理后,與ET-1組相比較,LY294002+ET-1組p-AKT和ANO1蛋白的表達水平均顯著降低(F=26.340、12.460,q=11.220、8.512,P<0.05)。結(jié)論ET-1對VSMCs的ANO1表達具有明顯的上調(diào)作用,該作用可能和激活PI3K/AKT信號通路有關(guān)。

[關(guān)鍵詞]內(nèi)皮縮血管肽1;血管;肌細胞,平滑??;anoctamin-1蛋白

[中圖分類號]R331.32[文獻標志碼]A[文章編號]2096-5532(2023)03-0379-04

doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2023.59.016[開放科學(資源服務(wù))標識碼(OSID)]

[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版]https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20230303.0911.004.html;2023-03-0317:31:07

EFFECT OF ENDOTHELIN-1 ON THE EXPRESSION OF ANOCTAMIN 1 IN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS OF RATS AND ITS MECHANISMWU Xue, ZHANG Wenxiu, ZHAO Hui, HAN Xiaohua(Department of Physiology and Pathophy-siology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)

[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the expression of anoctamin 1 (ANO1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of rats and its mechanism.MethodsVSMCs were treated with different concentrations of ET-1 (0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0, and 1 000.0 nmol/L) for 24 h or treated with 1.0 nmol/L ET-1 for different times (1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h) to observe the effect of ET-1 on the protein expression of ANO1. A phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) blocker, LY294002, was used to block the PI3K/AKT pathway, and the protein expression levels of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and ANO1 were measured. The tissue block method was used for the primary culture of VSMCs from the thoracic aorta of rats, and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression level of ANO1. ResultsET-1 treatment at the concentrations of 0.1-1 000.0 nmol/L significantly promoted the protein expression level of ANO1 (F=4.302,P<0.05), and 1.0 nmol/L ET-1 showed the most remarkable effect (q=8.707,P<0.05). After the cells were treated with 1.0 nmol/L ET-1 for different times, there was a significant increase in the protein expression level of ANO1 (F=4.856,P<0.05), and the cells treated with ET-1 for 12-48 h showed the greatest change in the expression of ANO1 (q=2.903-5.673,P<0.05). After pretreatment with LY294002 (10 μmol/L), the LY294002+ET-1 group had significant reductions in the protein expression levels of p-AKT and ANO1 compared with the ET-1 group (F=26.340,12.460,q=11.220,8.512,P<0.05).ConclusionET-1 can significantly upregulate the expression of ANO1 in VSMCs, which may be associated with activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

[KEY WORDS]endothelin-1; blood vessels; myocytes, smooth muscle; anoctamin-1

高血壓是目前發(fā)病率最高的心血管疾病之一,血管平滑肌細胞(VSMCs)功能異常在高血壓的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起關(guān)鍵作用[1-2]。anoctamin 1(ANO1)是2008年發(fā)現(xiàn)的鈣激活氯通道,廣泛分布于各種血管組織[3]。研究表明,ANO1參與正常血管舒縮功能的調(diào)節(jié)[4-5];此外它還參與多種高血壓模型的血管重構(gòu)過程[6-8]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),血管緊張素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)可以明顯上調(diào)正常大鼠VSMCs的ANO1表達,該作用可能與激活磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/AKT信號通路有關(guān)[6,9]。內(nèi)皮素-1(ET-1)是一種由血管內(nèi)皮細胞合成和分泌的血管活性物質(zhì)[10-11]。ET-1可以通過升高胞內(nèi)鈣水平激活HEK293細胞的鈣激活氯通道[12],故我們推測ET-1可能可以上調(diào)VSMCs的ANO1蛋白表達水平。本研究利用原代培養(yǎng)的VSMCs,觀察了ET-1對ANO1表達的影響并初步探討其可能機制。

1材料與方法

1.1試劑與儀器

ET-1購自上海AbMole公司;ANO1抗體由上海Abcam公司提供;β-actin抗體由北京博奧森公司提供;磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)和AKT抗體由上海Cell Signaling Technology公司提供;DMEM高糖培養(yǎng)粉購自上海Gibco公司;胎牛血清購自美國BI公司;BCA蛋白檢測試劑盒由上海Thermo公司提供;RIPA裂解液購自上海碧云天生物科技研究所;二甲基亞砜(DMSO)購自北京索萊寶科技有限公司;其他試劑均為國產(chǎn)分析純。實驗所用儀器包括CO2培養(yǎng)箱、超凈工作臺、Eppendorf高速離心機、37 ℃恒溫孵育箱以及Western顯影儀等。

1.2VSMCs的原代培養(yǎng)

選取體質(zhì)量80~100 g的Wistar大鼠,以水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉。在體積分數(shù)為0.75的乙醇中浸泡消毒后,迅速放入無菌超凈臺內(nèi)。分離胸主動脈,將其放入含有DMEM培養(yǎng)液的預(yù)冷玻璃皿中,剝離血管外脂肪和結(jié)締組織,沿中線剪開,輕柔刮下內(nèi)皮,用眼科剪將其剪成大小約1 mm3小塊,平鋪于25 cm2培養(yǎng)瓶底部,加入4~5 mL含有體積分數(shù)0.20胎牛血清的DMEM高糖培養(yǎng)液后,直立放入培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi),5~6 h后翻瓶,培養(yǎng)1周左右,在顯微鏡下可看到貼壁組織塊周圍有VSMCs爬出,細胞融合達到60%~70%時進行傳代,選擇第5~8代生長良好的細胞進行后續(xù)實驗。

1.3實驗分組與藥物處理

為觀察不同濃度ET-1對ANO1蛋白表達影響,實驗分對照組(無藥物處理)和不同濃度ET-1處理組(分別加入0.1、1.0、10.0、100.0、1 000.0 nmol/L ET-1處理24 h)。為觀察ET-1作用不同時間對ANO1蛋白表達的影響,實驗分為對照組(無藥物處理)和ET-1處理不同時間組(加入1.0 nmol/L ET-1分別處理1、6、12、24、48 h)。為探討ET-1上調(diào)ANO1表達是否和激活PI3K/AKT通路有關(guān),實驗分為對照組(無藥物處理)、ET-1組(ET組,用1.0 nmol/L ET-1處理24 h)、LY294002+ET-1組(LY+ET組,在ET-1處理前先加入10 μmol/L LY294002,其余同ET組)。ET-1先用無菌水配成1 mmol/L母液,使用前再用DMEM培養(yǎng)液稀釋到終濃度。LY294002先用DMSO配成10 mmol/L母液,使用前再用DMEM培養(yǎng)液稀釋。

1.4Western blot檢測p-AKT和ANO1蛋白表達

藥物處理結(jié)束后,用RIPA裂解液提取蛋白,BCA試劑盒檢測蛋白濃度。所有樣品均以20 μg蛋白上樣,經(jīng)SDS-PAGE電泳后轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜。用含有100 g/L脫脂奶粉的TBST封閉1 h后,分別加入ANO1(1∶1 000)、p-AKT(1∶1 000)、AKT(1∶1 000)和β-actin(1∶10 000)一抗,4 ℃搖床孵育過夜。以TBST洗膜3次,加HRP標記的二抗,室溫孵育1 h,ECL發(fā)光液顯影。用Image J軟件分析條帶的灰度值,結(jié)果以ANO1/β-actin和p-AKT/AKT的比值表示。實驗重復(fù)3次。

1.5統(tǒng)計學分析

應(yīng)用Graph Pad Prism 5.0軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計學分析,結(jié)果以±s表示,采用單因素方差分析(ANOVA)進行多組數(shù)據(jù)比較,采用Tukey法進行組間兩兩比較。P<0.05認為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

2結(jié)果

2.1不同濃度ET-1對ANO1蛋白表達的影響

細胞經(jīng)0.1、1.0、10.0、100.0、1 000.0 nmol/L ET-1處理24 h后,ANO1/β-actin比值分別為1.02±0.11、1.25±0.14、0.94±0.14、0.89±0.09和1.00±0.11(n=3),均較對照組(0.84±0.19)升高(F=4.302,P<0.05),其中以1.0 nmol/L ET-1作用最顯著(q=8.707,P<0.05)。見圖1。

2.2ET-1處理不同時間對ANO1蛋白表達水平的影響

細胞經(jīng)1.0 nmol/L ET-1處理1、6、12、24、48 h后,ANO1/β-actin比值分別為0.88±0.14、0.90±0.19、1.05±0.21、1.26±0.08和1.13±0.13(n=3),均較對照組(0.83±0.21)升高(F=4.856,P<0.05),其中ET-1作用12~48 h ANO1表達差異具有顯著性(q=2.903~5.673,P<0.05)。見圖2。

2.3LY294002對ET-1誘導(dǎo)的ANO1表達的影響

對照組、ET組和LY+ET組的p-AKT/AKT比值分別為1.06±0.03、1.24±0.11、0.80±0.02(n=3),差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義(F=26.340,P<0.05)。與對照組相比,ET組p-AKT/AKT比值明顯升高(q=4.541,P<0.05);與ET組相比,LY+ET組p-AKT/AKT比值則明顯降低(q=11.220,P<0.05)。對照組、ET組和LY+ET組ANO1/β-actin比值分別為0.99±0.09、1.21±0.08、0.84±0.56(n=3),差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義(F=12.460,P<0.05)。與對照組相比較,ET組ANO1/β-actin比值明顯升高(q=5.107,P<0.05);與ET組相比較,LY+ET組的ANO1/β-actin比值明顯降低(q=8.512,P<0.05)。表明LY294002阻斷PI3K/AKT通路后,ET-1誘導(dǎo)的ANO1蛋白表達明顯被抑制。見圖3。

3討論

長期的高血壓可導(dǎo)致心、腦、腎、眼等多器官損傷,具有較高的致死率和致殘率,其特征性變化包括小動脈的管壁增厚、管壁/管腔比值增大、微小動脈數(shù)量減少等[13-14]。VSMCs作為血管壁的主體細胞,其異常收縮和增殖遷移在高血壓的發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要作用[15-16]。體內(nèi)多種因素,如血流動力學改變、血管活性物質(zhì)(AngⅡ、ET-1)、炎癥因子和生長因子(如成纖維細胞生長因子、表皮生長因子等),均和VSMCs功能異常密切相關(guān)[2]。

鈣激活氯通道ANO1在高血壓發(fā)病中作用的研究,是目前國際上的一個研究熱點。有大量研究表明,ANO1也是參與VSMCs功能調(diào)控的重要因素[3-6,17]。ANO1激活可導(dǎo)致氯離子外流和細胞膜除極,誘導(dǎo)VSMCs收縮,而抑制其功能性表達則可通過舒張血管而降低血壓[17-18]。在自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠中,VSMCs上ANO1功能性高表達促進高血壓形成[6]。此外,ANO1還可作為一種細胞增殖調(diào)節(jié)因子參與VSMCs增殖,促進血管重構(gòu)過程和降低血管彈性[19-21]。但是關(guān)于VSMCs上ANO1高表達的機制尚不明確。本團隊前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),AngⅡ能通過結(jié)合血管緊張素Ⅰ型受體,顯著上調(diào)正常大鼠VSMCs的ANO1表達,該作用可能與激活A(yù)KT和ERK信號通路有關(guān)[9]。

和AngⅡ相似,ET-1是內(nèi)皮細胞分泌的最重要的血管活性物質(zhì),具有很強的縮血管效應(yīng),同時ET-1也是一種有絲分裂原,在維持血管功能穩(wěn)態(tài)中具有重要作用[10,22-23]。ET-1能激活HEK293細胞的鈣激活氯通道,因此它很可能是上調(diào)ANO1表達的調(diào)控因子之一。本實驗通過向VSMCs中加入不同濃度的ET-1,觀察到ET-1能夠明顯促進ANO1蛋白表達,以1.0 nmol/L ET-1處理12~48 h作用最為顯著。

ET-1可激活兩種受體,其中ETA受體主要在平滑肌細胞中表達,ETB受體主要在內(nèi)皮細胞中表達,二者均是G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體[24-25]。有研究指出,VSMCs中ETA受體激活介導(dǎo)了肺動脈高壓的血管收縮和異常細胞增殖[25-26]。ET-1和VSMCs的受體結(jié)合后,首先激活磷脂酶C/三磷酸肌醇通路,導(dǎo)致胞內(nèi)鈣水平升高,后者進一步激活蛋白激酶C、AKT、絲裂原活化蛋白激酶等信號通路,從而調(diào)節(jié)VSMCs的各種功能[22-23]。本研究為進一步探討ET-1上調(diào)ANO1表達的可能機制,利用PI3K抑制劑LY294002阻斷PI3K/AKT通路激活,觀察了ET-1誘導(dǎo)的ANO1表達的變化。結(jié)果表明,抑制AKT激活后,ANO1蛋白表達水平明顯降低,提示PI3K/AKT信號通路在上游中介了ET-1誘導(dǎo)的ANO1高表達。

綜上所述,ET-1可顯著促進原代培養(yǎng)的大鼠VSMCs的ANO1蛋白表達,該作用可能和激活PI3K/AKT信號通路有關(guān)。

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(本文編輯馬偉平)

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