Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基礎訓練

單詞拼寫 根據(jù)首字母或漢語提示，用本部分所學單詞的正確形式填空。

1. I love the very quiet night， turn off the light and let silence w________________ me.

2. It is found that people are more creative after the c________________ of a difficult task.

3. Our teacher asked me to d________________ a poster for the activity organized by our school.

4. As we all know， it is water and sunlight that develop the c________________.

5. The car came to a stop just in time to p________________ an accident.

6. During the Tang and Song ________________ （朝代）， Chinese literature developed quickly.

7. Smoking is bad for ones health， and ________________ （因此） should be given up.

8. It will ________________ （損害） your eyes by reading in the bright sun.

9. Youd better practice swimming in a ________________ （淺的） pool.

10. The number of farmers in ________________ （農業(yè)） has fallen in the last ten years.

選擇填空 用方框中所給短語的適當形式填空。

be home to in harmony with pass down prevent… from provide… for

1. Humans should try their best to live ________________________ nature.

2. What is known to us all is that Australia ________________________ kangaroos.

3. People in that village ________________________ the tradition of eating candy on that day.

4. Treating wastewater is a good way ________________________ fresh water ________________________ us.

5. The heavy snow ________________________ people all over the area ________________________ going out for fun.

課文語法填空

The Longji Rice Terraces， ____1____ （build） by the local Zhuang and Yao people between Yuan Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty， have different colours in different seasons. Thousands of visitors ____2____ （attract） to come here every year ____3____ （admire） this great wonder created by people and nature working together. The terraces could not only increase the areas ____4____ they could grow rice but also catch the rainwater and prevent the soil ____5____ being washed away. What is most significant is that people have worked in harmony ____6____ nature. The terraces are ____7____ （clever） designed with hundreds of waterways ____8____ （connect） with each other. Rainwater， along with these waterways， ____9____ （move） down the mountains and into the terraces. The sun heats the water and turns it into vapour， ____10____ forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again， providing a perfect environment for birds and fish.

1. ________________? 2. ________________? 3. ________________? 4. ________________? 5. ________________

6. ________________? 7. ________________? 8. ________________? 9. ________________? 10. ________________

能力提升

閱讀理解

Zoologial Society of London （ZSL）， which runs London Zoo， brought together 16 scientists from different organizations to make a full “health check” on 215 miles of the Thames. The results of the first-ever State of the Thames Report have been shown to the public and theres both good and bad news for Londons main waterway.

First up， since the Thames was pronounced “biologically dead” in 1957， the number of animals and plants growing in and around the river has increased greatly. Natural habitats （棲息地） are also on the increase， some of which can help in the fight against climate change.

Its not all good news， though—like everywhere else， the Thames is influenced by climate change， mainly through changes in water temperature and sea levels. The Thames is increasing in temperature at an average of 0.2 each year， changing the natural environment.

Water levels are also rising in the Thames—at Silvertown. There has been an average increase of 4.26 mm per year since 1990， which makes London more likely to be flooded.

As with pretty much everywhere on Earth， the Thames needs climate change to be stopped in order to make itself a living river in the future.

The Environment Agency has put together the Thames Estuary 2100 Plan which sets out a long-term plan for dealing with the influence of rising sea levels for the rest of this century， in order to protect London from floods.

James Brand， Thames Estuary 2100 Advisor at the Environment Agency said， “We are glad to support the State of the Thames Report. If we are going to stop climate change， nature needs to be at the heart of our activities， both in slowing the pace of future change and dealing with the changes that we are already seeing.”

1. What did the 16 scientists do with the Thames？

A. They made an introduction of it. B. They did an examination of it.

C. They brought new animals to it. D. They organized a clean-up of it.

2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？

A. The way animals are raised. B. The development of natural habitats.

C. The meaning of “biologically dead”. D. The improvement of the Thames.

3. What is one of the main problem of the Thames？

A. Its temperature has been rising. B. It has caused many floods.

C. Its plants have become fewer and fewer. D. It has a smaller number of animals now.

4. What is the purpose of the Thames Estuary 2100 Plan？

A. To record the rising sea levels. B. To help rebuild London.

C. To explain the importance of nature. D. To protect London from floods.

閱讀七選五

You may see many people on their yearly camping trips， going into nature to seek a connection with something greater than themselves. You might be wondering—________1________？ Here are some simple but wonderful ways to help you connect with nature.

Slow down and be present

Probably the most important thing to remember is to learn how to slow down and be truly present with the natural world. ________2________ and forget everything that isnt here in the present moment. You can focus 100% of your energy on the birds， plants and animals in your surroundings.

________3________

Another big secret to feeling in touch with nature is to learn how to consciously （有意識地） use your five senses. If you ever find yourself struggling to reach a peaceful experience in nature， its probably because your five senses are not fully used. So when you step outside， always start by giving yourself a few minutes to consciously use some of your senses. ________4________.

Watch your local animals

________5________. Animals have a natural appeal （吸引力） because theyre living， breathing， active forms of intelligence. Theyre cute， funny， emotional and entertaining， so this is a great next step to explore.

A. Learn some plants

B. Get into your senses

C. Take a few deep breaths

D. How do you actually do it

E. How are these things all connected

F. Connecting with animals is one of the great joys

G. For example， try to listen more deeply than before

1. ________________? 2. ________________? 3. ________________? 4. ________________? 5. ________________

Section Ⅱ Using language

基礎訓練

單句語法填空 在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。

1. For ages， ________________ （sail） have said that it is good luck to see dolphins swim alongside boats.

2. Just like a huge dragon， the Great Wall winds up and down across ________________ （desert）， grasslands and mountains.

3. This eco-friendly dress ________________ （design） and made by a Chinese designer.

4. The successful ________________ （complete） of a study program made them feel happy.

5. ________________ （camel） can survive for many days with no water.

6. She has had two sons， of ________________ the younger was in high school.

7. Nobody knows the reason ________________ the changes over the years.

8. The final score of the basketball match was 93：94. We were only beaten ________________ （narrow）.

9. ________________ （get） only 59 marks means failing in the exam.

10. It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them ________________ snacks.

用“介詞 + 關系代詞”填空

1. I grew up in the small village ________________ I was born.

2. Tom explained to his teacher the reason ________________ he came late.

3. The social problem ________________ the two sides are debating with each other is a very serious one.

4. The small mountain village ________________ we were volunteer teachers lies in the south of the town.

5. Nina is doing an important project ________________ I know little.

用“介詞 + 關系代詞”完成句子

1. Scott遞給了我一支鋼筆，我用它記下了他的電話號碼。

Scott handed me a pen ____________________________________________________________________________________.

2. Stanford來了，我等了他大約一個小時。

There comes Stanford， ____________________________________________________________________________________.

3. Simon有很多愛好，其中之一是徒步旅行。

Simon has lots of hobbies， ____________________________________________________________________________ .

4. 他們就是你可以求助的人。

They are the very people ____________________________________________________________________________ .

5. 我對這個已經(jīng)工作了20年的學校很熟悉。

I am very familiar with the school ____________________________________________________________________ .

能力提升

完形填空

When you live in a seasonal environment， you can learn that both outdoor and indoor activities have their place. As the seasons ____1____， so does your mood. Certain activities become more or less attractive， ____2____ the weather and the length of the day.

Spring is a time of the year when the world starts to ____3____ from its winter sleep. During this season， I enjoy going on long walks through parks and watching the world come ____4____.

Many consider ____5____ to be the top of the year. The city comes into full swing as the weather becomes warmer and warmer. During the summer， I prefer to spend the ____6____ anywhere that is air-conditioned （有空調的）. This can include the library， a shopping center or a movie theater. I often enjoy spending the ____7____ evenings sitting on the wide balcony （陽臺） of my house and having drinks with my friends.

Autumn， with the ____8____ of the leaves and the summer heat gradually ____9____， is probably another ____10____ time to go on long walks during the day. I love to be ____11____ during autumn and see the life of the city returning to its hibernation （冬眠）. Another ____12____ to go outside during autumn is to ____13____ the last days of warmth until the next year.

Winter ____14____ the shortening of days and cooler weather. Outdoor activities tend to become less

____15____ and sinking （下沉） down on the sofa with a good book becomes my ____16____ activity. It is not enjoyable to spend time outside if it is too ____17____. I only choose to go outside when I want to go skiing.

So， my ____18____ to spend time indoors or outdoors is greatly dependent on the ____19____. Different seasons call for different activities and therefore it is ____20____ to choose whether I would spend all of my spare time indoors or outdoors.

1. A. end B. change C. begin D. arrive

2. A. resulting in B. forming into C. referring to D. depending on

3. A. shake B. circle C. wake D. wave

4. A. open B. alive C. quiet D. real

5. A. summer B. autumn C. spring D. winter

6. A. vacation B. festival C. daytime D. weekend

7. A. dry B. rainy C. warm D. freezing

8. A. growing B. turning C. existing D. darkening

9. A. increasing B. burning C. developing D. disappearing

10. A. busy B. extra C. informal D. excellent

11. A. back B. alone C. outside D. ahead

12. A. rule B. reason C. excuse D. question

13. A. enjoy B. share C. count D. miss

14. A. loses B. finds C. brings D. ignores

15. A. helpful B. normal C. convenient D. attractive

16. A. social B. favorite C. last D. creative

17. A. windy B. cold C. wet D. bright

18. A. dream B. duty C. decision D. secret

19. A. life B. feelings C. season D. activities

20. A. unusual B. breathtaking C. inspiring D. impossible

語法填空

China has taken many ____1____ （step） to stop the process of desertification （沙漠化）， including encouraging farmers ____2____ （build） fences which stop wind from blowing the soil away， and providing money ____3____ people in dry areas to plant more trees and bushes. These are some of the cheapest and best ways of preventing desertification. Up till now， China ____4____ （plan） a “Green Wall” of plants and bushes in the northern part of the country that could grow even ____5____ （long） than the Great Wall. China has also spent money trying to find underground water.

The China National Desertification Monitoring Center （CNDMC） ____6____ （set） up in 1995 to do research into the problem of desertification. The center has a group of scientists ____7____ （work） to find measures that will stop desertification. ____8____， scientific research is not the only way to help. There are many things that everyone can do to help stop desertification. These include better administration （管理） of areas ____9____ are likely to turn into desert and training people to use water without wasting it. There are also things that can be done at a national or international level， such as sharing information between countries and ____10____ （use） satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.

1. ________________? 2. ________________? 3. ________________? 4. ________________? 5. ________________

6. ________________? 7. ________________? 8. ________________? 9. ________________? 10. ________________

短文改錯

When I was a child， I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city， but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unluckily， on the development of industrialization， the environment has been polluting. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The air you breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much animals are dying out. We must find solution to protect our environment. If we fail to do so， well live to regret it.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基礎訓練

單詞填空 用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1.This new railway ________________ this area in many ways. It is ________________ to the people living in this area. For the ________________ of more people， we should build more railways. （benefit）

2.While the experts agree that this kind of food is ________________， it will be ________________ to the teenagers if they eat it too often. （harm）

3.The ________________ invited to perform for the show are _______ in playing many kinds of musical instruments. They can play them ________________ （expert）.

4.My car finally came to a ________________ road. At the moment， another car ran in our direction. It was running so fast that it ________________ missed hitting mine. （narrow）

5.The natural resources we have are ________________. Therefore， we have no reason to waste resources without ________________. （limit）

6.I like the ________________ of the bike which was ________________ by a famous Chinese ________________. （design）

7.I am not sure of the date of ________________ of the new hospital building， but it is said to be

________________ in three months. We hope it can be ________________ put into use as soon as possible. （complete）

8.We all know that ________________ is better than cure so measures should be taken to

________________ children from being affected by the disease. （prevent）

單句表達 根據(jù)括號內提示翻譯句子。

1.當你疲勞的時候，沒有什么是比好好休息一下更好的了。（否定詞 + 比較級）

2.誰也不能阻止這個計劃的實施。（prevent… from…）

3.我對他對這個問題的解釋表示懷疑。（be in doubt）

4.充足的睡眠對我們的健康有益。（be of benefit to）

5.毫無疑問，這是我見過的最漂亮的花園。（There is no doubt that…）

提示寫作

選用所給詞匯或句型造句并組成一段連貫的短文（80詞左右）。

plant spend nothing better than in harmony with be home to the best place to

There is no doubt that… It is + adj. + to do…

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

能力提升

閱讀理解

A

The Himalayas， which stretch some 2，450 kilometers between China， India， Pakistan， Afghanistan， Bhutan， and Nepal， are the worlds tallest mountain range. In addition to Mount Qomolangma， the worlds tallest mountain by peak elevation standing 8，848.86 meters tall， the range also features several other mountain peaks over 8，000 meters. It is the first mountain range to have mountains over 8，000 meters—the runner-up is a mountain range in Asia， whose tallest peak is 8，611 meters tall.

Millions of years ago， these mountain peaks didnt exist. The Asian continent （大陸） was mostly complete， but India was an island floating off the coast of Australia. Around 150 million years ago， around the time when Gondwanaland was breaking apart， India started to move northwards. It traveled some 6，000 kilometers before it finally hit Eurasia around 50 to 55 million years ago. Then， part of the Indian landmass began to go beneath the Asian one， moving the Asian landmass up， which resulted in the rise of the Himalayas. Its thought that Indian coastline was denser and more firmly attached to the seabed， which is why Asian softer soil was pushed up rather than the other way around.

The mountain range grew very rapidly in comparison to most mountain ranges， and its actually still growing today. Mount Qomolangma and its fellows actually grow by approximately a centimeter or so every year. The Appalachian Mountains in North America， which developed some 300 million years ago or more， are actually decreasing in peak elevations as they erode （風化）.

The continued growth in the Himalayas is likely due to the Indian tectonic plate （地殼構造板塊） still moving slowly but surely northwards. We know the plate is still moving in part because of the frequent earthquakes in the region.

1. What do the underlined words “the runner-up” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？

A. The fastest. B. The lowest. C. The most popular. D. The second tallest.

2. What led to the formation of the Himalayas？

A. The long coastline of India. B. The fast movement of India.

C. The firm movement of Asia to the north. D. The meeting of India with the Asian continent.

3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3？

A. Mount Qomolangma will be taller.

B. The Appalachian Mountains have soft soil.

C. Most mountains in the world grow rapidly.

D. The Appalachian Mountains were once taller than the Himalayas.

4. What will happen to the Himalayas in the future according to the text？

A. It will move southwards. B. It will continue to grow.

C. It will attract more tourists. D. It will have fewer earthquakes.

B

A rare wild flower is being re-established in Devon fields thanks to some four-legged helpers. A charity called Planflife has employed donkeys as “ecosystem engineers” to encourage the return of the endangered small-flowered catchfly （捕蟲草）.

The catchfly was once found all across Britain but now it only grows in small areas of Wales and the south and west of England. Experts blame its decrease on modern farming practices. The flower grew around the edges of sandy fields where farmers grew their crops， but because of weedkillers that were used to remove “unwanted” plants， its habitat has largely disappeared.

Plantlife teamed up with the Donkey Sanctuary， a charity that looks after donkeys in the UK and around the world. It owns several farms across Devon and the UK， where it takes care of hundreds of rescued donkeys， as well as maintaining habitats for other wildlife. More than 20，000 seeds （種子） have been scattered on fields at the Sanctuarys main Devon farm， and it is hoped that many will grow into plants this summer. They will provide food for some threatened bird species. Plantlife then aims to get the donkeys themselves involved， testing whether catchfly seeds benefit from being pressed into the ground as the donkeys take their exercise. Many plants have seeds that must be pressed into the soil in order to grow.

“Were incredibly thankful to partners like the Donkey Sanctuary who are helping these fantastically rare wild flowers come back from the edge of extinction，” Cath Shellswell of Plantlife told The Guardian newspaper. “We look forward to seeing small-flowered catchfly return and we are working with the Sanctuary to ensure that this tiny plant has a bright future.”

5. Why are donkeys employed in Devon fields？

A. To work in the fields. B. To bring back the catchfly.

C. To avoid extinction. D. To raise crop production.

6. What caused the decrease of the catchflys population？

A. Soil loss. B. Water pollution. C. Climate change. D. Modern agriculture.

7. How do donkeys help the catchfly come back？

A. By pressing its seeds into the soil. B. By working the land.

C. By providing food for it. D. By spreading its seeds.

8. What can be the best title for the text？

A. Donkeys Help Fields Flower Again B. Farmland Becomes a Natural Habitat

C. The Agricultural Forms on Devon Farms D. The Bright Future of the Catchfly

完形填空

In the past， man did not have to think about the protection of his environment. There were few people on the earth， and natural ____1____ seemed to be unlimited.

Today things are ____2____. The world has become too ____3____. We are using up our natural resources too quickly， and at the same time we are ____4____ our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this， human life on the earth will not ____5____.

Everyone ____6____ today that if too many fish are taken from the sea， there will soon be none left. Yet， with modern fishing ____7____， more and more fish are caught. We know that if too many trees are cut down， ____8____ will disappear and nothing will grow on the land. Yet， we ____9____ to use bigger and more powerful machines to ____10____ more and more trees.

We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories， we will die. ____11____， in most countries ____12____ are still put into rivers or into the sea， and there are few laws to ____13____ this.

We know， too， that if the ____14____ of the world continues to rise at the present rate， in a few years there will not be enough ____15____. What can we do to solve these problems？

If we eat more vegetables and less ____16____， there will be more food available for everyone. Land that is used to grow crops ____17____ five times more people than land where animals are kept.

Our natural resources will ____18____ longer if we learn to recycle them.

The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth ____19____. Finally， if we educate people to think about the problems， we shall have a better and clearer ____20____ in the future.

1. A. disasters B. resources C. behaviors D. materials

2. A. common B. similar C. unfair D. different

3. A. crowded B. small C. dirty D. beautiful

4. A. improving B. saving C. polluting D. fighting

5. A. die B. survive C. appear D. succeed

6. A. wonders B. realizes C. considers D. discovers

7. A. places B. boats C. methods D. nets

8. A. mountains B. deserts C. animals D. forests

9. A. continue B. have C. start D. ask

10. A. give up B. search for C. form into D. cut down

11. A. Besides B. However C. Generally D. Therefore

12. A. wastes B. plants C. soil D. energy

13. A. allow B. follow C. admit D. stop

14. A. production B. population C. future D. level

15. A. houses B. money C. food D. lives

16. A. fruit B. meat C. fish D. grain

17. A. feeds B. increases C. supports D. helps

18. A. grow B. stay C. keep D. last

19. A. control B. protection C. plan D. order

20. A. land B. sea C. planet D. lake

Writing

話題表達指導

話題介紹

話題：自然。要求學生能夠依據(jù)所給材料寫內容概要（60詞左右），將較長的文章濃縮成一篇要點和結構完整的短文。

建議體裁：說明文、議論文、記敘文等。

注意事項：

1. 注意對文章要點的掌握，不能遺漏重點內容；

2. 語言通順，邏輯清晰。

題例導學

題目

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。

When people think of plants， they usually think of gardens， parks， or even jungles （叢林）. One place that does not usually come to mind is the desert. However， some deserts contain many plants that are able to grow and survive under difficult conditions.

Deserts can reach temperatures of 50 degrees or more in the daytime and can also drop below 0 degrees at night. This is a huge temperature difference under which desert plants have to live. Besides the high and low temperatures， all deserts receive very little water in the form of rain; sometimes it doesnt rain for months. So， how do desert plants get water when there is no rain？

There are three main ways plants survive in the desert. First， some desert plants grow without leaves. Others have developed special ways of storing whatever water they can find， such as growing a waxy （蠟質的） leaf covering that helps keep water inside the leaf. These plants can survive for weeks or months on the water collected from just one rainfall.

A second way desert plants survive even in the most difficult conditions is by growing very long roots. These roots spread out and search for any water they can find. Once they find water， the roots suck up as much as they can and then hold it， only allowing the plant above the ground to have small amounts at a time.

The third way plants survive in the desert is by “sleeping”. Some plants can turn off almost all their processes and just remain inactive， almost as if dead， while they wait for rain. When the rain does come， they quickly drink up every drop they possibly can and burst back into activity.

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思路引導

文章主要介紹的是沙漠不利于植物生長，但有一些植物卻可以在沙漠中存活。概要應包含以下要點：

1. 一般植物難以在沙漠中生存，原因：溫差巨大、極度缺水；

2. 有的植物卻能生長，它們的特點和生存方式：特殊的葉子、長根、休眠。

范例展示

Deserts are not suitable places for plants to grow： one reason is the very large difference in temperature， and the other one is the lack of water. However， some plants do grow and survive under desert conditions. Some have special leaves， some grow long roots and some live by remaining inactive until conditions improve.

話題表達

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。

You still need a better reason to plant a tree？

Police arent cheap and neither are lawyers， judges， and all the other layers that make up the justice system. But trees and some grass， in comparison， are really cheap， and they prove to be effective in lighting crimes （犯罪活動）.

Many cities plant vegetation （植物） along roadways to help take in rainwater. After tracking 14 types of crime in nearby areas， Michelle Kondo， a social scientist found that a variety of crimes， such as theft and fights in those areas decreased to 27 percent， an incredible 18 percent fall. Kondo believed planting was able to scare away potential （潛在的） criminals.

Kondos study also worked on the connection between grassland care and decrease of the crime in downtown areas. It shows that if you have the time and money to water your plants， you probably live in a neighborhood that sees less crime. Kondo argued that caution （謹慎） of the local people suggested by the organized vegetation helped to frighten away bad guys， by announcing to would-be criminals that there are “eyes on the street that care for their neighborhood and would be more likely to report a crime.

We already know vegetation is beautiful to look at and can help improve mood and health. Now we can add crime-fighting to the list of vegetations many benefits. Therefore， are you ready to plant a tree？

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Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短語與句型回顧

短語

1. in ________________ with 與……協(xié)調一致

2. ________________… with… 用……遮蓋……

3. ________________ 充足的，大量的

4. prevent… ________________… 阻止……做……

5.________________ sth for sb/sth 為某人/某物設計某物

6. provide sth ________________ sb 為某人提供某物

7.replace… ________________（用……）替換，更換

8.be ________________ in/on 位于……；坐落在……

9.be expert ________________ doing sth 擅長做某事

10.allow sb ________________ sth 允許某人做某事

11.sb ________________ by/from sth 某人得益于某物

12.turn… ________________… 把……變成……

13. reflect ________________ 仔細考慮，思考

14.________________ time （in） doing sth 花費時間做某事

15.be attractive ________________ 對……有吸引力

16.________________ sb for doing sth 因做某事而欽佩、贊賞某人

17.________________ harm to sb/sth 對某人/某物有害

18.separate… ________________… 把……和……分開

句型

1. the + adj. 作主語

At that time， only ________________ （非常富有的人） in Britain had gardens.

2. 否定詞 + 比較級

And while many Brits ________________ （和……相比最喜歡） spending their Sunday cutting the grass…

3. 祈使句

________________ （想象群山包裹在） in silver water， shining in the spring sun.

4. 介詞 + 關系代詞

These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people， ________________ （對這些人來說） Guangxi is home.

請根據(jù)提示，運用本單元核心知識就“人與自然和諧相處”的話題，談談你的看法。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. The good thing about… is…

2. The problem with… is that…

3. We should raise awareness of... in order to...