王愛琴,馮 雷,黃偉俊,林 琰*
(1.浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬杭州市中醫(yī)院,浙江 杭州 310007; 2.浙江省立同德醫(yī)院,浙江 杭州 310012;3.衢州興合資產(chǎn)經(jīng)營有限責(zé)任公司,浙江 衢州 324000)
藥西瓜又名苦西瓜、苦蘋果,是葫蘆科西瓜屬植物藥西瓜Citrulluscolocynthis(L.) Schrad.的干燥果實(shí)。藥西瓜原產(chǎn)于北非的干旱地區(qū),國內(nèi)主要種植與新疆維吾爾族自治區(qū),為維吾爾醫(yī)學(xué)的習(xí)用藥材,具有清熱瀉火、消食健胃的作用,常用于治療肝炎、風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎、便秘等癥[1]。藥西瓜主要含有葫蘆烷型三萜及其皂苷類、黃酮類和脂類成分[2-8],現(xiàn)代藥理研究表面其具有抗炎[9]、抗氧化[10]、抗癌[11]、降糖[12]等活性,具有較高的藥用價(jià)值。為進(jìn)一步合理地開發(fā)利用藥西瓜的潛在價(jià)值,本研究對(duì)其化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,從95%乙醇提取物中分離鑒定了12 個(gè)葫蘆烷型三萜類化合物,其中化合物1~10 為首次從西瓜屬植物中分離得到,1 ~2 為自然界中少見的八降葫蘆烷型三萜,9 為新天然產(chǎn)物。
AVANCE Ⅲ600 MHz 核磁共振譜儀、TENSOR 27 傅里葉紅外光譜儀(德國Bruker 公司); Agilent 6210 質(zhì)譜儀(美國Agilent 公司); UV-2501 紫外分光光度計(jì)、CBM-20A 制備型高效液相色譜儀、Shim-pack GIST C18制備型色譜柱 (20 mm×250 mm,5 μm) (日本Shimadzu 公司); 中低壓制備液相色譜柱(瑞士Buchi 公司); 薄層硅膠GF254及100~200、200~300 目柱分離硅膠(青島海洋化工廠)。所有試劑均為色譜純或分析純(西隴化工股份有限公司)。
藥西瓜于2020 年5 月購自新疆烏魯木齊,經(jīng)杭州市中醫(yī)院方新華副主任藥師鑒定為葫蘆科西瓜屬植物藥西瓜Citrulluscolocynthis(L.) Schrad.的干燥果實(shí)。
將干燥的5 kg 藥西瓜粉碎,20 L 95%乙醇室溫冷浸提取3 次,每次4 d,提取期間不定期攪拌,合并提取液,減壓濃縮,得粗浸膏350 g,用水混懸,依次用石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇進(jìn)行萃取,濃縮后分別得到石油醚萃取物76 g、二氯甲烷萃取物68 g、乙酸乙酯萃取物42 g、正丁醇萃取物97 g。
二氯甲烷萃取物經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯 (10 ∶1 ~1 ∶2) 梯度洗脫,合并得到Fr.A~Fr.J。Fr.C 經(jīng)硅膠、ODS-C18柱分離,以甲醇-水(40 ∶60 ~100 ∶0) 梯度洗脫,得到Fr.C-1~Fr.C-10,F(xiàn)r.C-3 經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(5 ∶1) 洗脫,得到化合物2 (62.5 mg);Fr.C-4 經(jīng)半制備HPLC 純化,以甲醇-水(68 ∶32)洗脫(檢測波長210 nm),得到化合物3 (34.2 mg)、4 (7.8 mg)。Fr.D 經(jīng)ODS-C18柱分離,以甲醇-水(50 ∶50 ~80 ∶20) 梯度洗脫,得到Fr.D-1~Fr.D-8,F(xiàn)r.D-4 經(jīng)半制備HPLC 純化,以甲醇-水(63 ∶37) 洗脫(檢測波長210 nm),得到化合物11 (36.3 mg)、9 (22.4 mg)、12 (32.7 mg);Fr.D-5 經(jīng)甲醇重結(jié)晶,得到化合物1 (18.9 mg)。Fr.E 經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(7 ∶3、6 ∶4、1 ∶2) 梯度洗脫,得到Fr.E-1 ~Fr.E-7,F(xiàn)r.E-3 經(jīng)半制備HPLC 純化,以甲醇-水(66 ∶34)洗脫(檢測波長210 nm),得到化合物7 (28.6 mg); Fr.E-4 經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(4 ∶3、1 ∶1) 梯度洗脫,得到Fr.E-4-1 ~Fr.E-4-5,F(xiàn)r.E-4-4 經(jīng)半制備HPLC 純化,以甲醇-水(70 ∶30) 洗脫(檢測波長210 nm),得到化合物6 (6.9 mg); Fr.E-5 經(jīng)ODS-C18柱分離,以甲醇-水(35 ∶65~100 ∶0) 梯度洗脫,得到Fr.E-5-1 ~Fr.E-5-5,F(xiàn)r.E-5-3 經(jīng)半制備HPLC 純化,以甲醇-水(64 ∶36) 洗脫(檢測波長210 nm),得到化合物8 (37.5 mg)、10 (9.6 mg)、5 (5.8 mg)。
化合物1: 白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z: 403.2[M+COOH]-。1H-NMR (600 MHz,C5D5N)δ:5.68 (1H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-6),4.86 (1H,m,H-2),3.31 (1H,d,J=15.0 Hz,H-12a),3.16(1H,brd,J=12.6 Hz,H-10),2.67 (1H,m,H-1a),2.58 (1H,d,J=17.4 Hz,H-17a),2.37 (1H,d,J=15.0 Hz,H-12b),2.31 (1H,m,H-7a),2.29 (1H,d,J=17.4 Hz,H-15a),2.12 (1H,d,J=17.4 Hz,H-15b),2.08 (1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-8),1.94 (1H,d,J=17.4 Hz,H-17b),1.84 (1H,m,H-7b),1.61 (1H,m,H-1b),1.45 (3H,s,H-28),1.29 (3H,s,H-29),1.20 (3H,s,H-30),1.16 (3H,s,H-19),0.91 (3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR (150 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 216.1 (C-3),213.6 (C-16),211.3(C-11),141.7 (C-5),120.0 (C-6),72.8 (C-2),51.5 (C-4),50.7 (C-9),50.1 (C-15),49.8 (C-17),46.6 (C-12),45.8 (C-14),44.9(C-13),43.5 (C-8),37.5 (C-1),34.7 (C-10),29.6 (C-29),24.8 (C-7),24.7 (C-18),22.3 (C-28),20.4 (C-19),19.5 (C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn) [13] 報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為endecaphyllacin A。
化合物2: 白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z: 355.2[M-H]-。1H-NMR (600 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 6.30(1H,d,J=3.0 Hz,H-1),5.69 (1H,m,H-6),3.83 (1H,brs,H-10),3.34 (1H,d,J=14.6 Hz,H-12a),2.61 (1H,d,J=17.5 Hz,H-17a),2.43 (1H,d,J=14.6 Hz,H-12b),2.31 (1H,d,J=16.8 Hz,H-15a),2.29 (1H,m,H-7a),2.17 (1H,brs,H-8),2.15 (1H,d,J=16.8 Hz,H-15b),1.97 (1H,d,J=17.5 Hz,H-17b),1.90 (1H,m,H-7b),1.47 (3H,s,H-28),1.29 (3H,s,H-29),1.25 (3H,s,H-30),1.17 (3H,s,H-19),0.94 (3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR (150 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 216.0 (C-16),212.1 (C-11),199.2 (C-3),147.9 (C-2),138.1 (C-5),120.4 (C-6),116.1 (C-1),51.1 (C-9),50.9 (C-15),49.9 (C-17),49.1(C-4),46.8 (C-12),45.8 (C-14),45.0 (C-13),42.7 (C-8),35.7 (C-10),28.2 (C-29),24.6 (C-18),24.5 (C-7),21.3 (C-28),20.5(C-19),18.9 (C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[13] 報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為endecaphyllacin B。
化合物3: 白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z: 529.3[M+COOH]-。1H-NMR ( 600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.96 (1H,d,J=3.0 Hz,H-1),5.94 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-24),5.76 (1H,brs,H-6),4.55(1H,ddd,J=3.0,8.4,11.4 Hz,H-23),4.40(1H,dt,J=10.2,3.6 Hz,H-16),3.43 (1H,brs,H-10),3.05 (1H,d,J=15.0 Hz,H-12a),2.54 (1H,d,J=15.0 Hz,H-12b),2.38 (1H,m,H-7a),2.06 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-8),1.94 (1H,m,H-7b),1.94 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-17),1.88 (1H,m,H-15a),1.72 (3H,s,H-19),1.70 (3H,s,H-26),1.54 (1H,m,H-15b),1.47 (1H,t,J=13.8 Hz,H-22a),1.37 (1H,m,H-22b),1.35 (3H,s,H-21),1.32 (3H,s,H-29),1.30 (3H,s,H-28),1.22 (3H,s,H-27),1.03 (3H,s,H-18),0.98 ( 3H,s,H-30 );13C-NMR ( 150 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 213.2 (C-11),198.9 (C-3),144.7(C-2),136.9 (C-5),136.6 (C-25),125.1 (C-24),120.9 (C-6),115.1 (C-1),73.6 (C-20),73.1 (C-23),69.9 (C-16),55.2 (C-17),49.5(C-12),49.2 (C-9),48.5 (C-13),48.1 (C-14),47.7 (C-4),46.4 (C-22),41.7 (C-8),41.1 (C-15),34.7 (C-10),29.8 (C-21),25.9(C-26),23.8 (C-7),28.0 (C-29),20.5 (C-30),20.4 (C-27),20.3 (C-19),20.3 (C-28),19.9 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[14] 報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為khekadaengenin Ⅳ。
化合物4: 白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z: 527.3[M+COOH]-。1H-NMR ( 600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.96 (1H,brs,H-1),5.94 (1H,m,H-24),5.77 (1H,brs,H-6),4.70 (1H,t,J=7.8 Hz,H-23),4.59 (1H,dt,J=10.2,3.6 Hz,H-16),3.48 (1H,brs,H-10),3.05 (1H,d,J=15.0 Hz,H-12a),2.54 (1H,d,J=15.0 Hz,H-12b),2.38 (1H,m,H-7a),2.06 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-8),1.97 (1H,m,H-7b),1.97(1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-17),1.89 (1H,m,H-15a),1.73 (3H,s,H-19),1.70 (1H,m,H-22a),1.66 (3H,s,H-26),1.47 (1H,m,H-22b),1.45 (1H,m,H-15b),1.35 (3H,s,H-21),1.31 (3H,s,H-28),1.31 (3H,s,H-29),1.23 (3H,s,H-27),1.03 (3H,s,H-18),0.98 (3H,s,H-30);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 213.3 (C-11),198.9 (C-3),136.9(C-5),144.7 (C-2),135.4 (C-25),124.9 (C-24),120.9 (C-6),115.1 (C-1),73.6 (C-20),71.5 (C-23),70.0 (C-16),55.4 (C-17),49.5(C-9),48.6 (C-12),48.4 (C-13),48.3 (C-4),47.7 (C-14),46.3 (C-22),41.7 (C-15),41.5 (C-8),34.7 (C-10),29.9 (C-21),28.0(C-29),26.2 (C-26),23.8 (C-7),20.5 (C-30),20.4 (C-27),20.3 (C-28),19.9 (C-18),18.1 (C-19)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[14] 報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為khekadaengenin Ⅴ。
化合物5: 白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z: 501.4[M-H]-。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 6.01(1H,brs,H-1),5.97 (1H,m,H-6),4.44(1H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-16),3.20 (1H,d,J=14.4 Hz,H-12a),2.88 (1H,ddd,J=16.2,8.0,5.4 Hz,H-23a),2.76 (1H,ddd,J=16.2,8.0,5.4 Hz,H-23b),2.71 (1H,d,J=14.4 Hz,H-12b),2.60 (1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-17),2.55 (1H,ddd,J=20.4,7.8,3.0 Hz,H-7a),2.29 (1H,dd,J=20.4,5.4 Hz,H-7b),2.17(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-8),1.91 (1H,dd,J=13.2,9.0 Hz,H-15),1.75 (2H,m,H-24),1.48 (3H,s,H-29),1.34 (3H,s,H-28),1.41 (3H,s,H-21),1.30 (3H,s,H-19),1.25 ( 6H,s,H-27),1.22 ( 6H,s,H-26,30),0.97 (3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 217.2 ( C-22 ),214.1 ( C-11 ),174.3 ( C-3),135.0 ( C-1),133.7 ( C-5),124.8 ( C-6),118.9 ( C-10),80.8 ( C-20),71.3 (C-16),70.8 (C-25),59.7 (C-17),51.7(C-13),51.4 (C-12),49.6 (C-14),48.5 (C-15),46.0 (C-9),43.6 (C-4),43.5 (C-8),38.1 ( C-24),33.1 ( C-23),29.4 ( C-27),29.13 (C-28),29.14 (C-26),25.8 (C-19),25.51 ( C-21),25.49 ( C-7),22.6 ( C-29),20.0 (C-18),18.6 (C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[15] 報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為neocucurbitacin C。
化合物6: 白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z: 543.2[M-H]-。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 5.98(1H,s,H-1),5.83 ( 1H,m,H-6),4.25(1H,t,J=7.8 Hz,H-16),3.09 (1H,d,J=14.5 Hz,H-12a),2.80 (1H,ddd,J=16.8,10.2,4.8 Hz,H-23a),2.74 (1H,d,J=14.5 Hz,H-12b),2.51 (1H,m,H-17),2.49 (1H,m,H-23b),2.46 (1H,m,H-7a),2.19 (1H,m,H-7b),2.10 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-8),2.04 ( 2H,m,H-24 ),1.96 ( 3H,s,-OCOOH),1.85 (1H,dd,J=14.4,9.0 Hz,H-15a),1.46 (3H,s,H-29),1.45 (3H,s,H-26),1.42 (3H,s,H-27),1.37 (1H,d,J=14.4 Hz,H-15b),1.40 (3H,s,H-21),1.32(3H,s,H-28),1.28 (3H,s,H-19),1.20(3H,s,H-30),0.98 (3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 214.0 (C-22),211.7 (C-11),172.7 (C-3),170.5 (-OCOOH),134.1(C-1),133.1 (C-5),122.8 (C-6),117.2 (C-10),81.4 (C-25),79.1 (C-20),71.0 (C-16),58.1 (C-17),50.8 (C-13),50.3 (C-12),48.8(C-14),47.8 (C-9),45.1 (C-15),42.6 (C-4),42.1 (C-8),34.8 (C-24),30.8 (C-23),29.0 (C-28),26.3 (C-27),25.0 (C-7),26.1(C-26),25.1 ( C-29),24.5 ( C-21),22.6(-OCOOH),22.0 (C-19),19.9 (C-18),18.1(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[16] 報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為neocucurbitacin D。
化合物7: 白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z: 559.3[M-H]-。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 5.94(1H,m,H-6),4.29 (1H,m,H-16),3.90(1H,s,H-3),3.11 (1H,d,J=14.4 Hz,H-12a),2.79 (1H,ddd,J=5.4,9.6,15.6 Hz,H-23a),2.74 (1H,m,H-10),2.64 (1H,d,J=14.4 Hz,H-12b),2.50 (2H,m,overlapped,H-7a,17),2.49 (1H,d,J=5.4,9.6,15.6 Hz,H-23b),2.40 (1H,dd,J=13.2,5.4 Hz,H-1a),2.22 (1H,dd,J=13.2 Hz,H-1b),2.04 ( 3H,m,H-7b,24 ),1.95 ( 3H,s,-OCOOH),1.83 (1H,d,J=13.2 Hz,H-15a),1.45 (3H,s,H-26),1.42 (3H,s,H-27),1.40 (1H,d,J=13.2 Hz,H-15b),1.39 (3H,s,H-21),1.32 (3H,s,H-29),1.26 (3H,s,H-19),1.18 (3H,s,H-30),0.95 (3H,s,H-18),0.80 (3H,s,H-28);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 214.0 (C-22),211.9 (C-11),210.7(C-2),170.5 (-OCOOH),138.4 (C-5),122.0(C-6),81.4 (C-25),80.3 (C-3),79.1 (C-20),71.1 (C-16),57.9 (C-17),50.7 (C-14),48.8 (C-12),48.5 (C-9),48.3 (C-13),46.8(C-4),45.6 (C-15),42.8 (C-8),38.9 (C-1),36.4 (C-10),34.9 (C-24),30.8 (C-23),26.3(C-26),26.0 (C-27),24.2 (C-29),23.9 (C-7),22.5 (-OCOOH),21.1 (C-28),20.2 (C-18),20.0 (C-30),18.8 (C-19)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[17] 報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為23,24-dihydroisocucurbitacin B。
化合物8: 白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z: 517.3[M-H]-。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 5.94(1H,m,H-6),4.29 (1H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-16),3.89 (1H,s,H-3),3.12 (1H,d,J=14.4 Hz,H-12a),2.92 (1H,ddd,J=6.0,8.4,14.4 Hz,H-23a),2.73 (1H,m,H-10),2.63 (1H,d,J=14.4 Hz,H-12b),2.62 (1H,m,H-23b),2.56 (1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-17),2.48 (1H,m,H-7a),2.41 (1H,m,H-1a),2.23 (1H,m,H-1b),2.20 (1H,m,H-7b),2.03 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-8),1.82 (2H,m,H-24),1.41 (3H,s,H-21),1.32 (3H,s,H-29),1.27 (3H,s,H-19),1.23 (3H,s,H-27),1.20 (3H,s,H-26),1.17 (3H,s,H-30),0.95 (3H,s,H-18),0.80 (3H,s,H-28);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 215.6 (C-22),212.0 (C-11),210.8 (C-2),138.4 (C-5),122.0 (C-6),80.3 (C-3),79.3 (C-20),71.1 (C-16),70.5 (C-25),57.9 (C-17),50.9(C-14),48.7 (C-12),48.5 (C-9),48.2 (C-13),46.8 (C-4),45.5 (C-15),42.8 (C-8),39.0 (C-1),37.0 (C-24),36.4 (C-10),31.0(C-23),30.0 (C-27),28.9 (C-26),24.7 (C-21),24.2 (C-29),23.9 (C-7),21.1 (C-28),20.2 (C-30),19.9 (C-18),18.9 (C-19)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn) [2] 報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為dihydro-epi-isocucurbitacin D。
化合物9: 白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z: 601.3[M+COOH]-。UV ( CH3OH)λmaxlogε: 200(0.76),268 (0.51) nm; IR (KBr)vmax: 3 437、2 976、1 688、1 384、1 091、1 047 cm-1。1H-NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3)、13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3)數(shù)據(jù)見表1,與文獻(xiàn)[18] 報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為(9β,10α) -25- (acetyloxy) -2,20-dihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-1,5-diene-3,11,16,22-tetrone,結(jié)構(gòu)見圖1。
圖1 化合物9 的結(jié)構(gòu)Fig.1 Structure of compound 9
表1 化合物9 的1H-NMR、13C-NMR 數(shù)據(jù)Tab.1 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data on compound 9
化合物10: 白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z: 561.3[M-H]-。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 5.71(1H,brs,H-6),4.28 (1H,t,J=7.8 Hz,H-16),4.08 (1H,m,H-2),3.24 (1H,d,J=14.4 Hz,H-12a),3.18 (1H,d,J=3.6 Hz,H-3),2.80 (1H,m,H-23a),2.66 (1H,d,J=13.2 Hz,H-10),2.60 (1H,d,J=14.4 Hz,H-12b),2.54 (1H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-17),2.53(1H,m,H-23b),2.39 (1H,m,H-7a),2.04(2H,m,H-24),1.92 (1H,m,H-7b),1.93(3H,s,-OCOOH),1.92 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-8),1.87 (1H,dt,J=13.8,3.6 Hz,H-1a),1.82 (1H,m,H-15a),1.48 (1H,dt,J=13.8,3.6 Hz,H-1b),1.45 (3H,s,H-27),1.43(3H,s,H-26),1.40 (3H,s,H-21),1.38(1H,m,H-15b),1.32 (3H,s,H-30),1.15(3H,s,H-28),1.11 (3H,s,H-29),1.08(3H,s,H-19),0.95 (3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 214.2 (C-22),213.4 (C-11),170.6 (-OCOOH),142.1 ( C-5),118.6(C-6),81.4 (C-25),79.2 (C-20),76.4 (C-3),71.3 (C-16),70.2 (C-2),57.8 (C-17),50.9 (C-14),48.9 (C-12),48.4 (C-9),48.3(C-13),45.7 (C-15),42.8 (C-8),42.1 (C-4),35.0 (C-24),31.7 (C-10),30.8 (C-23),29.4 (C-1),26.3 (C-29),26.1 (C-26),26.0(C-27),24.6 (C-28),24.3 (C-21),24.0 (C-7),22.6 (-OCOOH),20.3 (C-19),19.9 (C-18),19.2 (C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[19] 報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為dihydrocucurbitain Q。
化合物11: 白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z: 601.3[M +COOH]-。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.05 (1H,d,J=15.4 Hz,H-24),6.46 (1H,d,J=15.4 Hz,H-23),5.95 (1H,d,J=2.7 Hz,H-1),5.76 (1H,m,H-6),4.37 (1H,t,J=7.4 Hz,H-16),3.48 (1H,brs,H-10),3.21(1H,d,J=14.5 Hz,H-12a),2.71 (1H,d,J=14.5 Hz,H-12b),2.48 (1H,d,J=7.1 Hz,H-17 ),2.38 ( 1H,m,H-7a ),2.01 ( 2H,overlapped,H-7b,8),2.00 (3H,s,-OCOOH),1.88 (1H,m,H-15a),1.56 (3H,s,H-27),1.56 (3H,s,H-27),1.54 (3H,s,H-26),1.47 (1H,m,H-15b),1.43 (3H,s,H-21),1.38 (3H,s,H-30),1.35 (3H,s,H-28),1.25 (3H,s,H-29),1.03 (3H,s,H-19),0.99 ( 3H,s,H-18 );13C-NMR ( 150 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 212.9 (C-11),202.6 (C-22),198.8(C-3),170.4 (-OCOOH),152.1 (C-24),144.7(C-2),136.9 (C-5),120.9 (C-6),120.5 (C-23),114.9 (C-1),79.5 (C-25),78.3 (C-20),71.5 ( C-16),58.4 ( C-17),50.8 ( C-13),49.01 ( C-9),48.99 ( C-12),48.3 ( C-14),47.7 (C-4),41.8 (C-8),45.7 (C-15),34.8(C-10),28.1 (C-28),26.6 (C-26),26.0 (C-27),24.1 ( C-21 ),23.7 ( C-7 ),22.1 (-OCOOH),20.3 ( C-29),20.2 ( C-19),20.0(C-18),18.5 (C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[20] 報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為cucurbitacin E。
化合物12: 白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z: 581.3[M +COOH]-。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.95 (1H,d,J=3.0 Hz,H-1),5.77 (1H,brs,H-6),4.33 (1H,m,H-16),3.22 (1H,d,J=14.4 Hz,H-12a),2.82 (1H,m,H-23a),2.72 (1H,d,J=14.4 Hz,H-12b),2.52 (1H,m,H-23b),2.51 (1H,m,H-17),2.38 (1H,m,H-7a),2.06 (1H,m,H-8),2.05 (2H,m,H-24),2.03 (1H,m,H-7b),1.96 (3H,s,H-CH3),1.85 (1H,m,H-15a),1.46 (3H,s,H-27),1.44 (1H,overlapped,H-15b),1.43(3H,s,H-26),1.42 (1H,s,H-21),1.40(3H,s,H-30),1.36 (3H,s,H-28),1.24(3H,s,H-29),1.03 (3H,s,H-19),0.99(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:214.1 (C-22),212.9 (C-11),198.8 (C-3),170.5 (-OCOOH),144.7 (C-2),137.0 (C-5),120.9 (C-6),114.9 (C-1),81.4 (C-25),79.1(C-20),71.2 (C-16),58.0 (C-17),50.8 (C-14),49.03 (C-12),48.98 (C-9),48.5 (C-13),47.7 (C-4),45.8 (C-15),41.7 (C-8),34.9 (C-10),34.8 (C-24),30.8 (C-23),28.0(C-28),26.3 (C-27),26.0 (C-26),24.6 (C-21),23.7 (C-7),22.6 (-OCOOH),20.3 (C-29),20.2 (C-18),20.0 (C-19),18.3 (C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[4] 報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為dihydrocucurbitacin E。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過硅膠柱、ODS-C18柱、半制備HPLC 等方法對(duì)藥西瓜的化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行研究,從中分離得到12 個(gè)化合物,其中化合物1 ~2 為自然界少見的八降葫蘆烷型三萜,9 為新天然產(chǎn)物,1 ~10 為首次從西瓜屬中分離得到。上述結(jié)果豐富了藥西瓜的化學(xué)組成,有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)新穎的化合物,為其藥效物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)及其潛在藥用價(jià)值的研究提供了一定參考。