左富強(qiáng)

如今，音樂(lè)和影視作品在外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中發(fā)揮著積極的作用。比如，有人因?yàn)殡娨晞　读餍腔▓@》而開始學(xué)漢語(yǔ)。音樂(lè)更是我們學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的好“幫手”，許多人在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)時(shí)，大多有過(guò)這方面的體會(huì)。作為一名對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教師，在多年的國(guó)外教學(xué)實(shí)踐中，我深深地體會(huì)到歌曲教學(xué)的“神奇”效果，在此我結(jié)合實(shí)例來(lái)談一談歌曲在教學(xué)中的運(yùn)用。

Today， music and movies play a positive role in foreign language learning. For example， some people startlearning Chinese because of the TV series Meteor Garden. Music is also a great “helper” for learning a foreignlanguage， and many people have experienced this when learning English. As an international Chinese languageteacher， I have deeply felt the “magical” effect of using songs in teaching during my years of teaching abroad. In thisessay， I will use real life examples to discuss the use of songs in teaching.

1

“一人一句成名曲”

“Twelve Zodiac Animals in Hit Song Lines”

在漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，“十二生肖”不可不談。每當(dāng)新春將至，在學(xué)生們經(jīng)歷了近一學(xué)期的語(yǔ)言課“折磨”后，我總會(huì)抽出幾個(gè)課時(shí)來(lái)給大家講一講中國(guó)的“年文化”，這就不能不提生肖。隨著“十二生肖”的介入，大家的詞匯量，尤其是動(dòng)物方面的詞匯量一下子就擴(kuò)大了，再結(jié)合“公”“母”“肉”等詞，詞匯量更是成倍擴(kuò)展。一堂課一下子要記住12 個(gè)生字，再加上“公（母）X”“X 肉”等結(jié)構(gòu)的幾十個(gè)詞，難度確實(shí)很大。我首先想到的就是歌曲《十二生肖》和成龍的電影，但是這些不適于初學(xué)者，也不適于在課堂上播放。后來(lái)我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們耳熟能詳?shù)母枨锌傆幸粌删鋷?dòng)物的歌詞，于是我將這些歌詞匯總，就成了“一人一句成名曲”：

In Chinese language teaching， we cannot ignorethe topic of the “Twelve Chinese Zodiac Animals.”Every time the Chinese New Year approaches，after “enduring” almost a semester of languageclasses， I always allocate a few class hours to talkabout Chinese “New Year culture.” This inevitably?involves discussing the Chinese Zodiac. With theintroduction of the “Twelve Zodiac Animals，”students’ vocabulary， especially in terms of animalrelatedwords， instantly expands. Combining thiswith words like gong （male）， mu （female） and rou（meat）， and the vocabulary expands exponentially.Remembering 12 new words in one lesson， plusdozens of phrases formed with “gong （mu） X” and?“X rou” structures， is indeed challenging. The firstthing that came to mind were the song “TwelveZodiac Animals” and Jackie Chan’s movies， but theseare not suitable for beginners or for playing in class.Later I realized that in many popular songs we knowby heart， there are always one or two lyrics thatcontain animal words. So I compiled these lyrics into“Twelve Zodiac Animals in Hit Song Lines”：

鼠：我愛(ài)你，愛(ài)著你，就像老鼠愛(ài)大米。

牛：照著我窯洞，曬著我的胳膊，還有我的牛跟著我。

虎：兩只老虎，兩只老虎，跑得快。

兔：小兔子乖乖，把門兒開開。

龍：永永遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)是龍的傳人。

蛇：你是一條婀娜的蛇，蜿蜒在銀色的月河。

龍和馬：白龍馬，蹄兒朝西。

羊和狼：狼愛(ài)上羊啊，愛(ài)得瘋狂。

猴：猴哥，猴哥，你真了不得。

雞：我不想說(shuō)我是雞；公雞，公雞真美麗。

狗：我就像是一條狗，等待愛(ài)情的骨頭。

豬：我是一只小小豬，活潑又美麗。

貓和魚：大臉貓大臉貓愛(ài)吃魚。

Rat： I love you， loving you， just like rats love rice.

Ox： Facing my cave， sunning my arms， with my ox following me.

Tiger： Two tigers， two tigers， running fast.

Rabbit： Little rabbit be good， open the door.

Dragon： Forever and ever， dragon’s descendant.

Snake： You’re a winding snake， meandering on the silver moonlit river.

Dragon and Horse： White dragon horse， hooves facing west.

Sheep and Wolf： The wolf falls in love with the sheep， loving so insanely.

Monkey： Brother Monkey， Brother Monkey， you’re really amazing.

Rooster： I don’t want to say I’m a chicken; rooster， rooster so beautiful.

Dog： I’m just like a dog， waiting for the bone of love.

Pig： I’m a little pig， lively and beautiful.

Cat and Fish： Big-face cat loves to eat fish.

剛開始，學(xué)生們或許不懂這些歌詞的意思，但起碼聽到了他們知道的小動(dòng)物。通過(guò)這一句句帶小動(dòng)物的歌詞，在優(yōu)美的旋律中他們很快記住了生肖的發(fā)音和意思。另外，我也采用“猜歌詞”的方法，每唱一句，就讓他們猜我唱的是什么動(dòng)物，這樣具有挑戰(zhàn)性的活動(dòng)，有助于提高他們的積極性和注意力，整個(gè)課堂也生動(dòng)起來(lái)。

At first， students may not understand themeanings of these lyrics， but at least they hear thenames of animals they know. Through these lyricsthat feature animals in catchy melodies， they quicklylearn the pronunciations and meanings of the zodiacanimals. Additionally， I use a “guess the lyrics” game，where I sing a line and they have to guess whichanimal I’m singing about. This challenging activityhelps improve their motivation and attention，making the whole class more engaging.

2

“舊瓶裝新酒”

“Old Wine in a New Bottle”

“舊瓶裝新酒”奉曲填詞自古有之，如宋詞元曲。如今，我填的不是《念奴嬌》《沁園春》這些典雅古舊的詞牌，而是流行歌曲，即那些易于傳唱、深入人心的歌曲，利用其背景音樂(lè)來(lái)演唱所學(xué)的內(nèi)容，比如《黃土高坡 · 家》。漢語(yǔ)初學(xué)者的課程中，總會(huì)涉及“自我介紹”“家庭成員的姓名、年齡”等問(wèn)題，讓學(xué)生一個(gè)一個(gè)地去做自我介紹很枯燥，大家都提不起興趣，很多人記不住，以至于剛說(shuō)過(guò)“多大了”是問(wèn)年齡的，轉(zhuǎn)身問(wèn)“你多大了？”，又不知道是什么意思了。后來(lái)在介紹當(dāng)中，“我住在……”讓我想起了“我家住在黃土高坡”這首歌，更巧的是我們學(xué)校在萬(wàn)由馬士（Banyumas），它屬普禾格多市（Purwokerto），和黃土高坡押韻。于是，結(jié)合自我介紹中所要涉及的問(wèn)題，我便寫出歌詞，先給他們翻譯了大概的意思，然后說(shuō)只教三遍，以此提高他們的注意力。沒(méi)想到三遍之后，本來(lái)就喜歡唱歌的他們輕而易舉地就學(xué)會(huì)了。就這樣，之后像“名字”“叫什么”“多大了”“住在”這些難點(diǎn)他們也一下子就記住且會(huì)用了。更神奇的是，現(xiàn)在他們每次見(jiàn)到我，都像走在黃土高坡上一樣對(duì)我吼歌。見(jiàn)到如此成效，我敢說(shuō)，許久之后有人或許會(huì)忘了所學(xué)的漢語(yǔ)，但這首歌絕不會(huì)這么容易忘記。

The concept of “old wine in a new bottle” hasbeen used in songwriting for a long time. In Song andYuan dynasties， for example， it was used in classicalChinese poetry and songs. Today， I’m not composinglyrics for such classical Chinese poems as “Nian NuJiao” or “Qin Yuan Chun”; instead， I’m using popularsongs that are easy to sing and resonate with people.I use the background music of these songs to singthe content we’re learning， such as “Huangtu Gaopo：Jia” （“Yellow Earth Plateau： Home”）. In the Chinesecourses for beginners， we often cover topics like “self-introduction” and “names and agesof family members.” Asking studentsto introduce themselves one by onecan be dull， and many students can’tremember the information. So muchso that I had just said the phrase“how old are you” is for asking age，and then I turned around and askeda student “how old are you？”， andhe didn’t know what it meant again.After teaching “I live in... ” duringintroductions， I was reminded ofthe song “Huangtu Gaopo： Jia，” andthe coincidence was that our schoolwas in Banyumas， which belongs toPurwokerto， and “Purwokerto” rhymes with “HuangtuGaopo.” So， I wrote lyrics based on the self-introductiontopics， translated its general meaning for them， and toldthem I would only teach it three times to increase theirattention. Surprisingly， after three repetitions， they， whoalready liked singing， easily learned it. From then on，difficult points like “name，” “how old，” and “l(fā)ive in” wereremembered and used effortlessly. What’s even moremagical is that whenever they see me nowadays， theysing to me as if they were on the Yellow Earth Plateau.Seeing such results， I can confidently say that whilesome may forget what Chinese words they learned aftera long time， they won’t easily forget this song.

下面是《黃土高坡 · 家》的歌詞：

Here are the lyrics for “Huangtu Gaopo： Jia”：

A：我家住在Purwokerto。

A：爸爸、媽媽和哥哥。

A：小妹妹有一個(gè)，弟弟就是我。

A：全家人五個(gè)，有五個(gè)。

A：請(qǐng)問(wèn)你家有多少個(gè)哦？

B：姐妹三個(gè)沒(méi)有哥。

A：你家人口很多！ 名字叫什么？

A：他們多大了？多大了？

B：老大是20 歲的我；

B：老二是17 歲了；

B：老三14 歲了，名字叫多多。

B：我家人五個(gè)，有五個(gè)。

A： I live in Purwokerto.

A： Mom， dad， and an older brother.

A： Little sister， I have one， and the younger brother is me.

A： There are five in the family， there are five.

A： How many people are there in your family？

B： Three sisters， no brothers.

A： Your family has many people！ What are their names？

A： How old are they？ How old are they？

B： The eldest is me， I’m 20 years old;

B： The second is 17 years old;

B： The third is 14 years old， named Duo Duo.

B： There are five people in my family， there are five.

3

字字不同“千字文”

“The Thousand Character Classic” with Different Words

古人識(shí)字有其高明的手段，蒙學(xué)教材中的“三（字經(jīng)）”“百（家姓）”“千（字文）”影響數(shù)百年而不衰。在對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，識(shí)字仍然是漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重中之重，詞匯的多寡是衡量一個(gè)學(xué)生漢語(yǔ)水平高低的關(guān)鍵。意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，如何提高學(xué)生的詞匯儲(chǔ)備就成了我努力的方向。字字不同、句句押韻、便于吟誦的《千字文》給我?guī)?lái)了靈感，我何不就一些高頻字來(lái)編一“曲”《千字文》呢？有了這個(gè)想法，一曲配合歌曲《青花瓷》演唱的《168字文》便應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。以下就是我用《青花瓷》調(diào)填的詞：

Ancient Chinese people had clever ways to learn characters， and “three” （The Three-Character?Classic）， “hundred” （The Hundred Family Surnames），and “thousand” （The Thousand Character Classic） inprimers have had a lasting influence for centuries.In teaching Chinese as a foreign language， characterrecognition is still crucial， and vocabulary is a keymeasure of a student’s proficiency. Realizing this，I’ve made an effort to improve students’ vocabulary.The Thousand Character Classic， which has differentcharacters in each line that rhymes， and is easy torecite， inspired me. So， why not create a “song” withhigh-frequency characters like The Thousand CharacterClassic？ With this idea in mind， I composed the “168Character Classic” to the melody of the popular song“Qing Hua Ci” （“Blue and White Porcelain”）， a wellknownsong by Jay Chou. Here are the lyrics：

《青花瓷· 童年》

果木村里父母親又生個(gè)男孩

不會(huì)說(shuō)話先手爬笑得多可愛(ài)

老少爺們開著車送紅包過(guò)來(lái)

爹娘太高興加了雙碗筷

春夏秋冬四次變五彩的童年

眉毛鼻子口耳眼六朵白云看

到誰(shuí)家九妹門前

騎上竹馬帶她跑很遠(yuǎn)

山外都是風(fēng)雨水下還有魚

朋友好比兄弟為什么學(xué)習(xí)

聽牛羊吃花草用日月畫大地

辛苦爸媽每天叫自己

怕以后我和你走南北東西

小石頭打桃李三七二十幾

再見(jiàn)鳥兒找青蟲千萬(wàn)別忘記

人要在一起

“168 Character Classic： Childhood”

In the village of fruit trees， parents gave birth to another boy.

He can’t talk yet but crawls and smiles， how adorable！

Old and young masters came over in a car to give red envelopes.

Mom and dad were so happy， they added extra bowls and chopsticks.

Spring， summer， autumn， and winter， the four seasons changed colors in my childhood.

Eyebrows， nose， mouth， ears， and eyes， gazing at six white clouds，

running to someone’s ninth sister，

Riding on a bamboo horse， I took her far away.

Beyond the mountains， there’s wind and rain， and beneath the waters，there are fish.

Friends are like brothers， why do we study？

Listening to cows and sheep eat grass， using the sun and moon to paint the land.

Parents work hard every day and call me home Afraid I might travel with you to the north， south， east， and west.

Little stones hit peaches and plums， dropping sevens， tens， and twenties.

Goodbye， birds that are catching green caterpillars， don’t forget， People should be together.

這首曲子不僅有意義而且易于傳唱，它的最大特色除了字字不同，就是這168 字之中80% 的字都在最高頻400 字內(nèi)。另外一些雖不是高頻字，卻是生活中常常涉及的：父母親、爹娘、碗筷、眉、鼻。像這樣的曲子多掌握幾首，1 000 字的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)就能輕易達(dá)到，學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)也就事半功倍。

This song not only is meaningful but is alsoeasy to sing. Its biggest feature， apart from the factthat every character is different， is that 80% of the168 words are among the most frequently used 400characters. Other characters， while not among thehighest frequency， are commonly encountered indaily life： fumuqin （parents）， dieniang （mom and dad），wankuai （bowls and chopsticks）， mei （eyebrows）， bi（nose）. If one can grasp several songs like this， thelearning goal of 1，000 words can be easily achieved，and learning Chinese will become twice as effective.

4

順口溜、童謠

Tongue Twisters and Nursery Rhymes

另外，與歌曲相像的順口溜、童謠也可以采用。

Additionally， tongue twisters and nursery rhymes， which are similar to songs， can also be used.

《上山打老虎》

一二三四五，

上山打老虎；

老虎受保護(hù)，

打著小老鼠；

老鼠有幾只，

讓我數(shù)一數(shù)；

數(shù)來(lái)又?jǐn)?shù)去，

一二三四五。

“Going Up the Mountain to Fight the Tiger”

One， two， three， four， five，

Going up the mountain to fight the tiger;

The tiger is protected，

So we’ll fight little mice instead;

How many mice are there？

Let me count for you;

Counting and counting，

One， two， three， four， five.

這首“歌”的作用在于強(qiáng)調(diào)“虎”“鼠”“數(shù)（三聲）”以及“數(shù)（字）”，歸類識(shí)別“老虎”“老鼠”和“老師”“老幾”等。

The purpose of this “song” is to emphasize hu （tiger）， shu （rat）， shu （count） （third tone） and shuzi （number） to categorize and identify laohu （tiger） and laoshu （mouse）， laoshi （teacher） and laoji （who are you） if seen.

《數(shù)量詞小動(dòng)物》

一只雞兩只鴨三只小鳥叫喳喳，

四頭牛五匹馬六根木頭齊刷刷，

七條魚八尾蝦九只青蛙叫呱呱！

“Numerical Classifiers with Little Animals”

One chicken two ducks three little birds chirp chirp，

Four cows five horses six tree trunks swish swish，

Seven fish eight shrimp nine frogs croak croak！

這首“歌”絕對(duì)是識(shí)記量詞及其搭配的法寶。

This “song” is definitely the magic method for memorizing measure words and their collocations.

以上就是我在對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)中運(yùn)用歌詞、歌曲進(jìn)行教學(xué)的一些嘗試和心得。俗話說(shuō)“教無(wú)定法”，任何方法只要對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)有利，能事半功倍地幫助語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)，都可以拿來(lái)一用?？傊虒W(xué)之法，多多益善。

These are some of my attempts and insights inusing lyrics and songs in teaching Chinese as a foreignlanguage. As the saying goes， “There is no one setteaching method.” Any method that benefits languagelearning and can double the efficiency in helpinglanguage learners learn can be tried. In short， the moreteaching methods， the better.