用木頭建造城市

There is a global race to build the tallest wooden skyscraper. The record was held by Mjostarnet， a tower of 85.4 metres in Norway—until Ascent， an structure of 86.6 metres， was completed in Wisconsin， US in July 2022. And it will be put in the shade in turn by other buildings: a 90 metre tower is planned for Canada， and a 100 metre one for Switzerland.

全球都在競(jìng)相建造最高的木制摩天大樓。在挪威，85.4米高的Mjostarnet大樓曾保持著最高紀(jì)錄。直到2022年7月，在美國(guó)威斯康星州竣工的Ascent大樓以86.6米的高度打破了這一紀(jì)錄。而這一紀(jì)錄仍將被不斷打破：加拿大計(jì)劃建造一座90米高的大樓，瑞士計(jì)劃建造一座100米高的大樓。

A Swedish firm announced their plans to build the world’s biggest wooden city. Stockholm Wood City will be built in Sickla， an area in the south of the Swedish capital. Construction on the 250，000 square-metre site will begin in 2025. The completed wooden city will be able to have 2，000 homes， 7，000 offices and several restaurants and shops. The around $1.4 billion project was led by Atrium Ljungberg， a Swedish urban development company.

一家瑞典公司公布了建造世界上最大木制城市的計(jì)劃。斯德哥爾摩木之城將在瑞典首都南部的西克拉地區(qū)開工。這座占地25萬(wàn)平方米的城市將于2025年開始建設(shè)。建成之后的木之城將擁有2000套住房、7000間辦公室以及若干餐廳和商店。這個(gè)耗資約14億美元的項(xiàng)目由瑞典城市開發(fā)公司 Atrium Ljungberg牽頭實(shí)施。

By using wood the company hopes to reduce the project’s carbon footprint by up to 40%， compared with building in concrete and steel， says Annica Anas， the company’s boss. Wood is a sustainable material that can be produced from renewable forests， which Sweden has in plenty.

公司老板安妮卡·安內(nèi)斯表示，與混凝土和鋼鐵建筑相比，公司希望通過(guò)使用木材將該項(xiàng)目的碳足跡減少至40%。木材是一種可持續(xù)材料，可以從可再生森林中生產(chǎn)，而瑞典有大量的可再生森林。

The Swedish project will， as existing wooden skyscrapers do， employ large prefabricated sections made from what is called “engineered timber”. Instead of ordinary timber， engineered timber is a composite in which layers of wood are laminated together in specific ways. The wood grains in each layer arranged neatly to provide individual components of the building， such as floors， walls and beams， with extremely high levels of strength.

瑞典的這個(gè)項(xiàng)目將像現(xiàn)有的木制摩天大樓一樣，采用由所謂的“工程木材”制成的大型預(yù)制部件。與普通木材不同，工程木材是一種復(fù)合材料，其中木材層以特定的方式壓合在一起。每一層的木紋都排列整齊，為建筑的各個(gè)部分（如地板、墻壁和橫梁）提供極高的強(qiáng)度。

Another advantage is that the construction of wooden buildings will not be as noisy as it would be if the town were built from concrete and bricks， adds Ms Anas. This makes wooden buildings particularly suitable for urban redevelopment in general， since putting them up is less likely to annoy the neighbors.

安內(nèi)斯女士補(bǔ)充道，另一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是，木制大樓建造過(guò)程不會(huì)像用混凝土和磚塊建造那般發(fā)出嘈雜之聲。這使得木制建筑特別適合城市重建，因?yàn)榻ㄔ爝^(guò)程不太可能惹惱鄰居。

The biggest concern most people have about wooden buildings is the risk of fire. The buildings in Wood City will be fitted with several fire-protection systems， such as sprinklers and flame-resistant layers， as would also be found on their concrete or brick counterparts.

對(duì)于木制建筑，人們最大的擔(dān)憂是火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。木之城的建筑會(huì)像混凝土或磚砌建筑一樣配備多重防火系統(tǒng)，比如噴淋裝置和防火層。

At the same time， researchers are coming to believe that engineered timber is， by its nature， extremely fire resistant. To help win approval for the construction of the Ascent building， the US Forest Service carried out tests on the laminated timber columns it would use. After finding them difficult to burn， the columns were awarded the three-hour fire-resistance grade material because they maintained their structural integrity.

與此同時(shí)，研究人員逐漸相信，工程木材就其本質(zhì)而言是非常耐火的。為了獲得Ascent大樓的建造批文，美國(guó)林務(wù)局對(duì)將要使用的層壓木柱進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示，它們難以燃燒，因?yàn)樗鼈兡軌虮３纸Y(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，所以認(rèn)定其為三小時(shí)耐火等級(jí)材料。

Word Bank

composite /'k?mp?z?t/ n. 復(fù)合材料；合成物

grain /ɡre?n/ n. 紋理；質(zhì)地

component /k?m'p??n?nt/ n. 組成部分

integrity /?n'teɡr?ti/ n. 完整