There are about7,000 spoken languagesin the world, and every 40days one language dies2.About 1,500 languagescould be lost in the next100 years, scientists find.And the world climate is becoming warmer andwarmer. How climate change is killing theworld’s languages?
Scientists see that many small islands3countries—there’s only 100 people speak theirlanguage—are facing climate change. When theweather becomes warmer, the sea will rise4.Vanuatu is an island country. It’s very small—only 12,189 square kilometers5—but it has110 languages spoken there, one for each 111square kilometers. It is in the great danger ofsea rise. If the sea rises, people there will haveto move away from their home.
世界上約有7000 種口語語言,每四十天就有一種消亡??茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),在接下來的一百年里,約有1500 種語言可能會消失。而且全球的氣候正在變暖。那么,氣候變化是如何導(dǎo)致語言消亡的呢?
科學(xué)家們看到,很多小的島國正面臨著氣候變化,這些島國小到只有100 個人使用他們的語言。當(dāng)氣候變暖的時候,海平面會上升。瓦努阿圖就是一個這樣的島國,它很小,國土面積只有12189 平方千米,但是島上卻有110 種語言,平均每111 平方千米就有一種語言。而這個島國面臨海平面上升的危險極大。如果海平面上升,那里的人們就不得不離開自己的家園。
If people in Vanuatu move away fromthe island and live in Indonesia6 orAustralia, what will happen7 to theirlanguages? It often happens that theirlanguages will die because their children willspeak a new language—the language ofIndonesia or Australia.
A language is much more than words.When a languagedies, its culture8will be lost at thesame time.
There is goodnews. Only 2,000people spoke Hawaiian9 in the 1970s. Manylanguage schools were built then. Childrenare taught the language from birth, usually bykind of grandparents and now more than18,700 people speak it. And the same thinghappened to Maori10 in the 1970s. Only 5%of young Maori people spoke the languagethen, but now 25% now speak it.
如果瓦努阿圖人搬離島嶼,移居到印度尼西亞或者澳大利亞,那么他們的語言會發(fā)生什么改變呢?通常情況下,他們的語言會消亡,因為他們的孩子會使用新的語言,即印度尼西亞或者澳大利亞的語言。
語言不僅僅是話語,當(dāng)一種語言消亡的同時,它背后的文化也會丟失。
也有好消息。上世紀(jì)70 年代,使用夏威夷語的人數(shù)大概只有兩千,后來成立了很多語言學(xué)校,孩子們從出生開始就去學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)?shù)卣Z言,通常是爺爺輩的人進行授課,而今有18700 人說這門語言。毛利語也一樣,在上世紀(jì)70 年代只有百分之五的年輕毛利人講毛利語,現(xiàn)在有百分之二十五。
(英語原文選自:toda.org)