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新目標(biāo)英語七年級(jí)(下)重點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)(上)

2024-10-09 00:00:00屈培華
關(guān)鍵詞:原形狀語主語

There be結(jié)構(gòu)

there be 意為“某處有某物”。如:

There is a park in front of our school. 我們學(xué)校前有個(gè)公園。

there be 結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某地存在某物或某人”。它的基本句式為:there be +主語(名詞)+地點(diǎn)狀語,其中there 是引導(dǎo)詞,本身無詞義,也不發(fā)生變化,而真正的主語是后面的名詞,相當(dāng)于:主語(名詞)+ be + 地點(diǎn)狀語。如:

There is a restaurant next to the park. 緊挨著公園有個(gè)飯店。

there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句只需把be 動(dòng)詞提前,回答時(shí)根據(jù)主語變化用Yes,there is/ are. 或No, there isn’t/ aren’t. 如:

—Are there any teachers in the office? 辦公室里有老師嗎?

—No, there aren’t. 不,沒有。

由there 引導(dǎo)的這種結(jié)構(gòu),動(dòng)詞be (is, are)放在主語之前,需與其在單復(fù)數(shù)方面保持一致,主語是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is,若為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。當(dāng)there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞be 應(yīng)與鄰近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致,即“就近原則”。如:

There is a girl and two boys in the classroom. 教室里有一個(gè)女孩和兩個(gè)男孩。

There is some bread and eggs on the table. 桌上有一些面包和幾個(gè)雞蛋。

一般過去時(shí)

句式結(jié)構(gòu)

(1)be 動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的句式:

否定句是在was/ were 后面加not;一般疑問句是把was/ were 提前放到句首。

(2)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的句式:

①肯定式:主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他

②否定式:主語+ did not (didn’t) +動(dòng)詞原形+其他

③一般疑問式:Did +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?

④特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+ did +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?

活動(dòng)環(huán)境

(1)主要用于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),句中通常有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語;

(2)表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,此時(shí)常與often, always 等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用;

(3)敘述逝者的情況;

(4)如果有些情況發(fā)生的時(shí)間不是很清楚,但實(shí)際上是過去發(fā)生的,也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。

時(shí)間狀語

(1)yesterday 及其構(gòu)成的短語,如:

yesterday morning 昨天早上

(2)由“l(fā)ast +時(shí)間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語,如:

last week 上周

(3)由“介詞+表示過去的時(shí)間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語,如:

in 1990 1990 年

(4)由“一段時(shí)間+ ago”構(gòu)成的短語,如:

a year ago 一年之前

(5)其他一些表示過去時(shí)間的短語,如:

just now 剛才

祈使句

祈使句常常用來表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求或者建議。主語you 通常省略,并且謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。句尾用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào),讀的時(shí)候用降調(diào)。

(1)肯定句式結(jié)構(gòu):

be 動(dòng)詞+其他成分。如:

Be a good boy! 做個(gè)好孩子!

Let +人(或者人稱代詞的賓格) +動(dòng)詞原形。如:

Let me have a look. 讓我看一看。

其他動(dòng)詞類。如:

Stand up, please! 請(qǐng)起立!

(2)否定句式結(jié)構(gòu):

祈使句的否定句式結(jié)構(gòu)通常是在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)前加Don’t。如:

Don’t ask me when I’m busy! 別在我忙的時(shí)候問我!

(3)特殊用法:

即“無動(dòng)詞祈使句”,常常用于一些表示禁止的標(biāo)語牌上。如:

No parking! 禁止停車!

No smoking! 禁止吸煙!

No swimming! 禁止游泳!

(4)加強(qiáng)語氣的祈使句:Do +動(dòng)詞原形。如:

Do write to me soon! 一定要快點(diǎn)給我寫信呀!

Do be careful! 一定要小心點(diǎn)!

Do study hard! 一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)呀!

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。由“系動(dòng)詞be(am, is, are)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)”構(gòu)成。其中am, is, are 在人稱和數(shù)上要與主語保持一致。

句式結(jié)構(gòu):

肯定式:主語+ am/ is/ are + v-ing

否定式:主語+ am/ is/ are + not + v-ing

一般疑問式及其回答:

—Am/ Is/ Are +主語+ v-ing?

—Yes, 主語+ am/ is/ are.

—No, 主語+ am not/ isn’t/ aren’t.

特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+ am/ is/ are +主語+ v-ing?

判定方法院

(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)在多數(shù)情況下是通過now 來判定的。

(2)以動(dòng)詞Look! 或Listen! 等開頭的句子,提示我們說話時(shí)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

(3)描述圖片中人物的動(dòng)作時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),以示生動(dòng)。

(4)通過前后的語言環(huán)境、時(shí)間等來說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,也可由特定的語境來表達(dá)。

訓(xùn)練基地

Ⅰ. 單項(xiàng)選擇。

( )1. Look! The girls ________ cards over there.

A. play B. playing C. is playing D. are playing

( )2. —What are the girls doing?

—They ________.

A. are looking English books B. are watching a film

C. are listening the music D. watching a film

( )3. ________ weekend, I ________ an old friend in London.

A. Last; visited B. Last; visiting

C. This; visit D. This; am visit

( )4. ________ there a bike and two men under the tree?

A. Is B. Are C. Have D. Has

( )5. —________ take off your coat, Kate. It’s cold today.

—OK.

A. Don’t B. Can’t C. You’d better D. Please

( )6. —________ you in Australia last year?

—Yes, I ________.

A. were; was B. were; were C. was; were D. was; was

( )7. —How did you ________ the weekend?

—I helped my mother cook food.

A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent

( )8. We ________ the end-of-year exam yesterday.

A. have B. had C. are D. are having

( )9. —When ________ you ________ the room?

—Last Monday.

A. do; clean B. did; clean C. are; cleaning D. does; clean

( )10. —________ yesterday?

—It was rainy.

A. How was the weather like B. What was the weather

C. How is the weather D. What was the weather like

Ⅱ. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. I can take Wang Gang there when he ________ (come) to visit.

2. ________ her brother ________ (like) playing football every day?

3. It’s nine o’clock. His grandfather ________ (lie) in bed.

4. He ________ (have) fun in the Palace Museum yesterday.

5. Many people ________ (run) in the park every Sunday morning.

6. How ________ (be) the weather last winter?

7. On weekdays, when ________ you ________ (get) up?

8. Jim’s cousin James ________ (do) his homework every day. But he ________ (not"do) it yesterday.

9. Look! The boy ________ (put) on his sweater by himself.

10. I ________ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.

11. —________ you ________ (know) the boy over there?

—Which boy?

—The boy who is ________ (sit) near the window of the classroom.

12. I like ________ (read), but I like ________ (go) to the cinema this evening.

13. Would you like ________ (go) to the park this afternoon?

14. Don’t ________ (talk) with him. He’s busy.

15. They ________ (practice) writing at school now.

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