被動(dòng)語態(tài)是英語中常見的語法現(xiàn)象之一,也是中考英語一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)。對(duì)此,筆者歸納了使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)的幾個(gè)注意事項(xiàng),以期同學(xué)們能夠準(zhǔn)確把握。
一、注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的“時(shí)態(tài)”
被動(dòng)語態(tài)有時(shí)態(tài)變化,因此,在使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),同學(xué)們要注意謂語動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)態(tài)”。不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)如下所示:
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):am/is/are+done。
例如:
The book is written from children’s point
of view.
這本書是從兒童的角度寫的。
一 般 過 去 時(shí) 的 被 動(dòng) 語 態(tài) :was/were +done。例如:
The house was built in 1980.
這所房子修建于1980年。
一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):will+be+done。
例如:
She will be sent abroad to study further.
她將被派往國外深造。
過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):would+be+done。例如:
He told me the radio would be mended in two days.
他告訴我收音機(jī)兩天后就會(huì)修好。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):am/is/are+be-ing+done。例如:
The window is being cleaned in the class-room by children.
孩子們正在教室里擦窗戶。
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):was/were+be-ing+done。例如:
A new novel were being written by him at
this time last year.
去年的這個(gè)時(shí)候,他正在寫一部新的小說。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):have/has +been+done。例如:
My bike has been repaired by my father.
我的自行車已經(jīng)被我父親修好了。
過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):had+been+done。例如:
All the tickets had been sold out before the
film began.
電影放映前,所有的票已經(jīng)售完。
二、注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用“場(chǎng)合”
(1)當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者未知或不需要言明時(shí),常使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如:
The vase was broken last night.
花瓶昨晚被打碎了。(誰打碎的未知)
Thousands of trees must be planted every year in China.
在中國,每年都得栽種成千上萬棵樹。(誰種的不需要言明)
(2)當(dāng)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),常使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如:
The letter was sent by express.
這信是用快遞寄的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)“信”被送)
The Great Wall was rebuilt many times.
長(zhǎng)城被重建了多次。(強(qiáng)調(diào)“長(zhǎng)城”被重建)
(3)當(dāng)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是物而非人時(shí),常使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如:
The crops were washed away by the flood.
莊稼被洪水沖走了。
三、注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)中“to”的還原
在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中,當(dāng)有 have,let,make,feel,
hear,listen to,see,watch,notice等使役動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞時(shí),其后的不定式需要省略不定式符號(hào)“to”。但是,在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中,若出現(xiàn)這些動(dòng)詞,要注意把不定式符號(hào)“to”還原。例如:
①He made me write the new words three times.
→I was made to write the new words three times by him.
他讓我把這些生詞抄寫三遍。
② We often hear her sing English songs in the room.
→She is often heard to sing English songs
in the room by us.
我們經(jīng)常聽到她在房間里唱英文歌。
總之,在學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),同學(xué)們要注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用場(chǎng)合,把握被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化,留心其他注意事項(xiàng),才能夠不用錯(cuò)。
【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】
(1)Sand turns to glass when it by lightning.
A.hits B.is hit
C.is hitting D.will be hit
(2)—Have you heard of the UN Chinese
Language Day?
—Of course. Chinese by more and
more people around the world nowadays.
A.spoken B.is spoken
C.speaks D.was spoken
(3)It’s a long time!I can’t remember
when this picture in Jinshan Park.
A.is taken B.was taken
C.takes D.took
【答案】(1)B;(2)B;(3)B