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柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn)與繁殖性能的關(guān)聯(lián)分析

2024-11-05 00:00:00向進(jìn)吳燕王春源趙永付紅梅丁義杰張依裕

摘要:【目的】明確骨形態(tài)發(fā)生蛋白7基因(BMP7)單核苷酸多態(tài)性(SNP)位點(diǎn)與柯樂(lè)豬繁殖性能的關(guān)聯(lián)性,挖掘柯樂(lè)豬繁殖性狀的分子輔助標(biāo)記,為加速柯樂(lè)豬繁殖性能提升及推進(jìn)其品種改良進(jìn)程提供技術(shù)支撐。【方法】選取150頭健康經(jīng)產(chǎn)柯樂(lè)母豬為研究對(duì)象,采用Sanger測(cè)序法篩查鑒定BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn),計(jì)算各SNP位點(diǎn)的群體遺傳參數(shù),并通過(guò)SPSS 22.0中的一般線性模型(GLM)分析SNP位點(diǎn)與柯樂(lè)豬總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)、初生窩重、平均初生重、斷奶仔豬數(shù)、斷奶窩重及平均斷奶重等6個(gè)繁殖性狀指標(biāo)的關(guān)聯(lián)性?!窘Y(jié)果】在柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因上共發(fā)現(xiàn)5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn):g.57602289C>T(第2外顯子)、g.57602334C>T(第2外顯子)、g.57602404C>T(第2內(nèi)含子)、g.57602418C>T(第2內(nèi)含子)和g.57602561G>T(第2內(nèi)含子),均存在3種基因型;5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)基因型分別為CT、CT、CT、CT和GT,對(duì)應(yīng)的多態(tài)信息含量(PIC)介于0.358~0.375,均表現(xiàn)為中度多態(tài)(0.25<PIC<0.50)。5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡狀態(tài)(PHWE>0.05),且各SNP位點(diǎn)間均存在強(qiáng)連鎖不平衡關(guān)系[LD系數(shù)(D,)>0.800,相關(guān)系數(shù)(R2)>0.330]。關(guān)聯(lián)分析結(jié)果顯示,g.57602289C>T、g.57602334C>T和g.57602418C>T等3個(gè)位點(diǎn)TT基因型個(gè)體的初生窩重均顯著高于CC基因型個(gè)體(P<0.05),TT基因型個(gè)體的斷奶仔豬數(shù)極顯著高于CC基因型和CT基因型個(gè)體(P<0.0 下同);g.57602404C>T位點(diǎn)TT基因型個(gè)體的總產(chǎn)仔豬數(shù)極顯著高于CC基因型個(gè)體;g.57602561G>T位點(diǎn)TT基因型個(gè)體的總產(chǎn)仔豬數(shù)極顯著高于GG基因型個(gè)體。此外,雙倍型H2H2和H3H3個(gè)體的總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)、初生窩重、斷奶仔豬數(shù)和斷奶窩重均高于其他雙倍型個(gè)體,尤其是H2H2個(gè)體在斷奶仔豬數(shù)和初生窩重方面表現(xiàn)出明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。【結(jié)論】在柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因上發(fā)現(xiàn)的5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)均與其繁殖性能存在較強(qiáng)的關(guān)聯(lián)性,BMP7基因可作為柯樂(lè)豬繁殖性狀的候選基因,而雙倍型H2H2可作為繁殖性狀分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇的參考。

關(guān)鍵詞:柯樂(lè)豬;BMP7基因;SNP位點(diǎn);繁殖性能;關(guān)聯(lián)分析

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):S828.89文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號(hào):2095-1191(2024)08-2495-09

Association analysis of BMP7 gene SNP loci with reproductive performance in Kele pig

XIANG Jin,WU Yan,WANG Chun-yuan,ZHAO Yong,F(xiàn)U HONG-mei,DINGYi-jie,ZHANG Yi-yu*

(College of Animal Science,Guizhou University/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction in thePlateau Mountainous Region,Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction ofGuizhou Province/Xiang Pigs Research Institute of Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

Abstract:【Objective】The study aimed to identify the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)loci of bone morphogenetic protein 7 gene(BMP7)and the reproductive performance of Kele pig,to explore molecular marker-assisted selection for reproductive traits in Kele pig,and to provide reference for accelerating the improvement of reproductive performance and the breed improvement process of Kele pig.【Method】A total of 150 healthy multiparous Kele sows were selected as the study subjects.SNP loci of the BMP7 gene were screened and identified using the Sanger sequencing method,and the population genetic parameters for each SNP locus were calculated.The association betweenSNP loci and 6 reproductive traits of Kele pigs,including total litter size,litter weight at birth,average birth weight,number of weaned piglets,litter weight at weaning,and average weaning weight,was analyzed using the general linear model(GLM)in SPSS 22.0.【Result】Five SNPs loci were identified in the BMP7 gene of Kele pigs:g.57602289C>T(exon No.2),g.57602334C>T(exon No.2),g.57602404C>T(intron No.2),g.57602418C>T(intron No.2)and g.57602561G>T(intron No.2),all of which exhibited 3 genotypes.The dominant genotypes for the 5 SNP loci were CT,CT,CT,CT and GT respectively,with corresponding polymorphism information content(PIC)ranging from 0.358to 0.375,all exhibiting moderate polymorphism(0.25<PIC<0.50).All five SNP loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equi-librium(PHWE>0.05),and strong linkage disequilibrium[LD coefficient(D,)>0.800,correlation coefficient(R2)>0.330]was observed among all SNP loci.The results of the association analysis showed that individuals with the TT geno-type at the 3 loci,g.57602289C>T,g.57602334C>T and g.57602418C>T,had significantly higher litter weight at birth compared to those with the CC genotype(P<0.05).The number of weaned piglets in TT genotype individuals was ex-tremely significantly higher than in those with the CC and CT genotypes(P<0.0 the same below).The total litter size with the TT genotype individuals at the g.57602404C>T locus was extremely significantly higher than that of individuals with the CC genotype.The total litter size with the TT genotype at the g.57602561G>T locus was extremely significantly higher than that of individuals with the GG genotype.Additionally,individuals with the H2H2 and H3H3 diplotypesshowed higher total litter size,litter weight at birth,number of weaned piglets,and weaning litter weight compared to other diplotypes,with H2H2 individuals demonstrating a particularly notable advantage in the number of weaned piglets and litter weight at birth.【Conclusion】Five SNPs loci identified in the BMP7 gene of Kele pigs are strongly associated with their reproductive performance.BMP7 gene can be considered a candidate gene for reproductive traits of Kele pigs,and the diplotype H2H2 can serve as a reference for reproductive traits molecular marker-assisted selection.

Key words:Kele pig;BMP7 gene;SNP locus;reproductive performance;association analysis

Foundation items:National key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1100308);Guizhou Scien-ce and Technology Plan Project(QKHPTRC〔2021〕5630);Construction Project of Pig Industry Technology System in Guizhou(GZSZCYJSTX-03)

0引言

【研究意義】我國(guó)是世界上養(yǎng)豬數(shù)量最多的國(guó)家,也是豬肉消費(fèi)量最大的國(guó)家??聵?lè)豬是我國(guó)貴州省的重要地方豬品種之一,屬于云貴高原烏蒙烏金豬類(lèi)群,具有耐粗飼、抗病力強(qiáng)、肉質(zhì)鮮美及口感軟糯等特點(diǎn),符合消費(fèi)者對(duì)高品質(zhì)豬肉的要求,同時(shí)是宣威火腿制作的重要原材料(楊蓮等,2021;郭小江等,2023;楊酸等,2023)。隨著人們生活水平的提高,消費(fèi)者對(duì)豬肉的需求量和品質(zhì)提出了更高要求。因此,如何提高豬肉胴體品質(zhì)和肉質(zhì)特性已成為豬繁殖育種及品種改良的工作重點(diǎn)?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】骨形態(tài)生成蛋白(Bone morphogenetic protein,BMP)家族是轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子(Transforming growth factor-beta,TGF-B)超家族的一個(gè)亞家族(Chen et al.,2004),由一組多功能的生長(zhǎng)因子組成,參與多種生物學(xué)過(guò)程,尤其在骨骼和組織的發(fā)育過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用(Zhang et al.,2014)。按照基因結(jié)構(gòu)及其功能特征,BMP家族基因可劃分為不同亞家族,其中BMP2、BMP4、BMP5、BMP6、BMP7、BMP8a和BMP8b屬于BMP亞家族,彼此間共享相似的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能,具有促進(jìn)骨骼發(fā)育及細(xì)胞分化的特性(Vukicevicet al.,1996;White et al.,2007;Lavery et al.,2008)。在再生醫(yī)學(xué)和組織工程領(lǐng)域,BMP家族蛋白在骨骼和軟骨的生長(zhǎng)修復(fù)中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。Marie等(2002)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),BMP2可促進(jìn)骨折愈合、軟骨修復(fù)及其他組織再生;Bandyopadhyay等(2006)研究表明,BMP2和BMP4基因的缺失會(huì)導(dǎo)致小鼠成骨嚴(yán)重受損,進(jìn)一步揭示了BMP家族基因在四肢發(fā)育和骨骼形成過(guò)程中的重要性。此外,Vukicevic等(1996)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),BMP7基因可促使腎臟發(fā)育過(guò)程中的間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟I源性間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞,表明BMP7基因在腎臟的形成與發(fā)育過(guò)程中扮演關(guān)鍵角色;Peretto等(2002)在小鼠嗅覺(jué)系統(tǒng)中檢測(cè)到BMP4、BMP6和BMP7等基因mRNA和蛋白表達(dá),表明BMP家族蛋白在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中也發(fā)揮重要作用,且這些蛋白的存在已在成年小鼠大腦中以神經(jīng)可塑性為特征的區(qū)域得到證實(shí);Piccirillo等(2006)研究表明,BMP-BMPR信號(hào)系統(tǒng)(控制正常腦干細(xì)胞活性)可作為人類(lèi)膠質(zhì)母細(xì)胞瘤中腫瘤啟動(dòng)干細(xì)胞樣細(xì)胞的關(guān)鍵抑制調(diào)節(jié)因子,其中BMP4作為一種新型的無(wú)細(xì)胞毒性治療效應(yīng)物,可用于防止膠質(zhì)母細(xì)胞瘤生長(zhǎng)和復(fù)發(fā)。還有研究證實(shí),血管損傷、高血壓或動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化導(dǎo)致的血管穩(wěn)態(tài)紊亂會(huì)影響B(tài)MP基因表達(dá),故推測(cè)BMP在異常血管反應(yīng)中發(fā)揮重要作用(Lowery and de Caestecker,2010;Cai et al.,2012)。【本研究切入點(diǎn)】BMP家族基因在雌性動(dòng)物卵巢中高表達(dá),尤其在卵泡和黃體中,BMP基因?qū)に睾铣杉奥涯讣?xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)與分化起重要調(diào)節(jié)作用(Shimasaki et al.,1999)。高若男等(2020)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)BMP7基因的A83509G和G84966A突變位點(diǎn)對(duì)大白豬眼肌面積和生長(zhǎng)速度有顯著影響,但至今鮮見(jiàn)BMP7基因與豬繁殖性能關(guān)聯(lián)的研究報(bào)道?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題】以柯樂(lè)豬為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用Sanger測(cè)序法鑒定BMP7基因外顯子單核苷酸多態(tài)性(Single nucleotide poly-morphism,SNP)位點(diǎn),并分析SNP位點(diǎn)與柯樂(lè)豬繁殖性能的關(guān)聯(lián)性,旨在挖掘柯樂(lè)豬繁殖性狀的分子輔助標(biāo)記,為加速柯樂(lè)豬繁殖性能提升及推進(jìn)其品種改良進(jìn)程提供技術(shù)支撐。

1材料與方法

1.1試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物

選擇150頭來(lái)自貴州優(yōu)農(nóng)谷生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)有限公司的健康經(jīng)產(chǎn)柯樂(lè)母豬,統(tǒng)計(jì)所選母豬群體的總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)、初生窩重、平均初生重、斷奶仔豬數(shù)、斷奶窩重及平均斷奶重等繁殖性狀指標(biāo)。使用耳鉗采集經(jīng)產(chǎn)柯樂(lè)母豬的耳組織約0.25 g,置于含75%乙醇的離心管中臨時(shí)保存,及時(shí)送回實(shí)驗(yàn)室,-40℃保存?zhèn)溆谩?dòng)物試驗(yàn)由貴州大學(xué)動(dòng)物倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),批準(zhǔn)號(hào)EAE-GZU-2022-P049。

1.2 DNA提取

使用組織DNA提取試劑盒(D3396-3,貴州西寶商貿(mào)有限公司)提取150份柯樂(lè)豬耳組織DNA,通過(guò)NanoDrop 2000超微量分光光度計(jì)檢測(cè)DNA濃度和純度,合格的DNA樣品-20℃保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>

1.3 PCR擴(kuò)增

在NCBI網(wǎng)站(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)檢索豬BMP7基因全序列(NC_010459.5),利用Permer 5.0針對(duì)BMP7基因設(shè)計(jì)4對(duì)擴(kuò)增引物(表1),并委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。PCR反應(yīng)體系20.0μL:2×Taq PCR Master Mix 10.0μL,上、下游引物(10μmol/L)各1.0μL,DNA模板1.0μL,RNase-free H2O 7.0μL。擴(kuò)增程序:95℃預(yù)變性10 min;95℃30 s,60℃30 s,72℃30 s,進(jìn)行35個(gè)循環(huán);72℃延伸10min,4℃結(jié)束反應(yīng)。

1.4 SNP位點(diǎn)篩選

PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物經(jīng)1.5%瓊脂糖凝膠檢測(cè)合格后,挑選特異性良好的擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司測(cè)序,采用DNASTAR中的Meg-Align和SeqMan程序并結(jié)合人工校驗(yàn),對(duì)測(cè)序獲得的核苷酸序列進(jìn)行比對(duì),篩選出SNP位點(diǎn)。

1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)分析

使用WPS對(duì)柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因所有SNP位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),計(jì)算各SNP位點(diǎn)的基因型頻率、等位基因頻率、觀測(cè)雜合度(He)、有效等位基因數(shù)(Ne)及多態(tài)信息含量(PIC)等,并通過(guò)卡方(χ2)適合性檢驗(yàn)Hardy-Weinberg平衡性;利用SHEsis(http://analysis.bio-x.cn/myAnalysis.php)進(jìn)行SNP位點(diǎn)連鎖不平衡分析和單倍型分析,采用SPSS 22.0中的一般線性模型(GLM)分析SNP位點(diǎn)與柯樂(lè)豬繁殖形狀指標(biāo)的關(guān)聯(lián)性。

2結(jié)果與分析

2.1柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn)鑒定結(jié)果

在柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因上共發(fā)現(xiàn)5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn),分別是g.57602289C>T、g.57602334C>T、g.57602404 C>T、g.57602418C>T和g.57602561G>T,且均存在3種基因型(圖1)。其中,g.57602404C>T、g.57602418 C>T和g.57602561G>T等3個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)位于第2內(nèi)含子;g.57602289C>T位點(diǎn)位于第2外顯子,導(dǎo)致其密碼子由GCT突變?yōu)镚CC,但編碼氨基酸均為丙氨酸(A),屬于同義突變;g.57602334C>T位點(diǎn)也位于第2外顯子,其密碼子由AAT突變?yōu)锳AC,編碼氨基酸均為天冬酰胺(N),也屬于同義突變。

2.2柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn)遺傳學(xué)分析結(jié)果柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn)遺傳學(xué)特性見(jiàn)表2。g.57602289C>T、g.57602334C>T、g.57602404C>T、g.57602418C>T、g.57602561G>T等5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)基因型為分別為CT、CT、CT、CT和GT,對(duì)應(yīng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)等位基因分別為C、C、C、C和G。5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)的He介于0.468~0.500,表明遺傳多樣性較豐富,群體變異程度較低;5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)的Ne介于1.879~1.999,表明等位基因的群體分布較均勻;5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)的PIC介于0.358~0.375,均表現(xiàn)為中度多態(tài)(0.25<PIC<0.50),能提供一定的遺傳信息。此外,卡方(χ2)合適性檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡狀態(tài)(PHWE>0.05)。

2.3柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn)連鎖不平衡分析結(jié)果

通過(guò)SHEsis對(duì)柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行連鎖不平衡分析,結(jié)果(表3)顯示,g.57602289C>T、g.57602334C>T、g.57602404C>T、g.57602418C>T和g.57602561G>T等5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)間滿足LD系數(shù)(D,)>0.800且相關(guān)系數(shù)(R2)>0.330,表明各SNP位點(diǎn)間均存在強(qiáng)連鎖不平衡關(guān)系。

2.4柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn)單倍型和雙倍型分析結(jié)果

對(duì)柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行單倍型和雙倍型分析,結(jié)果顯示共檢測(cè)到3種單倍型和6種雙倍型(表4)。在單倍型中,H1的頻率(0.513)最高,為優(yōu)勢(shì)單倍型;H3的頻率(0.113)最低,屬于劣勢(shì)單倍型。在雙倍型中,H1H2的頻率(c306f3df88d5df452ead36bfd5c35f02816ab3ea72e2ac303934625168a0c2d00.453)最高,為優(yōu)勢(shì)雙倍型;其次為H1H1(0.240)和H2H2(0.120);H3H3的頻率(0.040)最低,屬于劣勢(shì)雙倍型。

2.5柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn)與其繁殖性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)性

采用SPSS 22.0中的一般線性模型(GLM)分析BMP7基因5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)與柯樂(lè)豬繁殖性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)性,結(jié)果(表5)顯示,g.57602289C>T、g.57602334C>T和g.57602418C>T位點(diǎn)TT基因型個(gè)體的初生窩重均顯著高于CC基因型個(gè)體(P<0.05,下同),TT基因型個(gè)體的斷奶仔豬數(shù)均極顯著高于CC基因型和CT基因型個(gè)體(P<0.0 下同),而CC基因型個(gè)體的平均斷奶重顯著高于TT基因型個(gè)體;g.57602404C>T位點(diǎn)TT基因型個(gè)體的總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)極顯著高于CC基因型個(gè)體,CT基因型個(gè)體的平均初生重極顯著高于TT基因型個(gè)體,TT基因型個(gè)體的斷奶仔豬數(shù)極顯著高于CC基因型和CT基因型個(gè)體,CC基因型個(gè)體的平均斷奶重極顯著高于TT基因型個(gè)體;g.57602561G>T位點(diǎn)TT基因型個(gè)體的總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)極顯著高于GG基因型個(gè)體,GT基因型個(gè)體的初生平均重極顯著高于TT基因型個(gè)體,TT基因型個(gè)體的斷奶仔豬數(shù)極顯著高于GG基因型和GT基因型個(gè)體,GG基因型個(gè)體的平均斷奶重極顯著高于TT基因型個(gè)體。

2.6柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn)雙倍型與其繁殖性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)性

柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因雙倍型與其繁殖性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)分析結(jié)果(表6)顯示,H3H3個(gè)體的總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)極顯著高于H1H1、H1H2和H2H3個(gè)體,H2H2個(gè)體的總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)顯著高于H1H1、H1H2和H2H3個(gè)體;H2H2個(gè)體的初生窩重顯著高于H1H1、H1H2、H1H3和H2H3個(gè)體;H1H1、H1H2個(gè)體的平均初生重顯著高于H2H3和H3H3個(gè)體;H2H2、H3H3個(gè)體的斷奶仔豬數(shù)極顯著高于H1H1、H1H2、H1H3和H2H3個(gè)體;H1H1個(gè)體的平均斷奶重顯著高于H2H2、H2H3和H3H3個(gè)體。

2.7柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果

使用RNAfold(http://rna.tbi.univie.ac.at/cgi-bin/RNAWebSuite/RNAfold.cgi)預(yù)測(cè)柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因第2外顯子g.57602289C>T和g.57602334C>T位點(diǎn)突變對(duì)不同單倍型mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,結(jié)果(圖3)顯示,g.57602289C>T和g.57602334C>T位點(diǎn)突變均引起柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,其中,單倍型H2的最小自由能為-1215.10 kcal/mol,單倍型H1和H3的最小自由能均為-1216.30 kcal/mol,即單倍型H1或H3較單倍型H2更穩(wěn)定。綜上所述,g.57602289C>T和g.57602334C>T位點(diǎn)的突變能促使柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)最小自由能變小,新的二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)更加穩(wěn)定。

3討論

近年來(lái),由于雜交豬種的推廣養(yǎng)殖,導(dǎo)致地方豬種的生存空間逐年縮小,究其原因主要是地方豬種繁殖力較低,生長(zhǎng)速度緩慢,育種周期更長(zhǎng)(崔世泉等,2007)。相對(duì)于大部分國(guó)外豬種而言,柯樂(lè)豬也存在產(chǎn)仔數(shù)較少、性成熟早及繁殖率較低等缺陷,因此提高地方豬種繁殖力已成為我國(guó)畜禽繁殖學(xué)研究工作的重要內(nèi)容之一。BMP7基因?qū)儆贐MP亞家族成員,是一種多功能型生長(zhǎng)因子。在雌性哺乳動(dòng)物中,BMP7基因在下丘腦、垂體、卵巢和子宮等生殖相關(guān)器官組織中均有表達(dá),即BMP7基因在生殖系統(tǒng)中扮演著重要的生理調(diào)節(jié)角色,對(duì)雌性哺乳動(dòng)物的生殖功能起調(diào)控作用(Cheng et al.,2003)。del Cambre Amaral Weller等(2016)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在牛的青春期發(fā)育過(guò)程中BMP7基因通過(guò)相互作用并調(diào)節(jié)卵泡內(nèi)類(lèi)固醇的生成及卵泡對(duì)促性腺激素的反應(yīng);張壯彪等(2018)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),BMP7基因在小尾寒羊垂體、大腦、下丘腦、輸卵管和卵巢等組織中的相對(duì)表達(dá)量均高于蘇尼特羊??梢?jiàn),BMP7作為一種重要的生長(zhǎng)因子,在雌性動(dòng)物的繁殖過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要調(diào)控作用,包括卵巢發(fā)育、生殖激素的合成與釋放、子宮內(nèi)膜準(zhǔn)備及胚胎植入等環(huán)節(jié),進(jìn)而影響其繁殖性能。

本研究以BMP7基因作為柯樂(lè)豬繁殖性狀的分子遺傳標(biāo)記輔助選擇基因,通過(guò)Sanger測(cè)序法篩查鑒定BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn),結(jié)果共發(fā)現(xiàn)5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn):g.57602289C>T(第2外顯子)、g.57602334C>T(第2外顯子)、g.57602404C>T(第2內(nèi)含子)、g.57602418C>T(第2內(nèi)含子)和g.57602561G>T(第2內(nèi)含子)。PIC是遺傳學(xué)中衡量遺傳位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性程度的重要指標(biāo)之一,常用于研究人類(lèi)與動(dòng)植物種群及其親緣關(guān)系的遺傳多樣性和變異性(Serrote et al.2020;阮涌等,2022)。本研究中,柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)均表現(xiàn)為中度多態(tài)(0.25<PIC<0.50),群體變異程度較大,具有一定遺傳的信息量??ǚ剑é?)合適性檢驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)的基因型分布均未偏離Hardy-Weinberg平衡狀態(tài),推測(cè)柯樂(lè)豬群體尚未受到突變、選擇或遺傳漂變等因素的顯著影響。另一種可能性:雖然柯樂(lè)豬群體曾經(jīng)受到這些因素影響,但由于長(zhǎng)期的人工選擇和大規(guī)模擴(kuò)群,群體已重新達(dá)到新的平衡狀態(tài)。連鎖不平衡分析是遺傳學(xué)中的常用分析方法,多用于研究2個(gè)或多個(gè)遺傳位點(diǎn)間的關(guān)聯(lián)程度(李小楷等,2021;Good,2022;Huang et al.,2022)。本研究中,柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)間均存在強(qiáng)連鎖不平衡關(guān)系(D,>0.800,R2>0.330),與柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn)單倍型和雙倍型分析相互佐證,共發(fā)現(xiàn)3種單倍型和6種雙倍型。此外,mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)直接影響基因的表達(dá)、穩(wěn)定性和翻譯,進(jìn)而影響蛋白表達(dá)(Wan et al.,2012)。本研究的柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,g.57602289C>T和g.57602334C>T位點(diǎn)的突變均導(dǎo)致柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化,且這些突變導(dǎo)致其最小自由能變小,致使新的二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)更加穩(wěn)定。

李新建等(2013)研究表明,杜洛克豬和豫南黑豬BMP7基因上的T98C位點(diǎn)基因型與其繁殖性能相關(guān)性較強(qiáng),各基因型個(gè)體間的總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)、產(chǎn)活仔豬數(shù)、初生窩重、斷奶頭數(shù)及21日齡窩重均存在差異極顯著。尹杭等(2021)研究證實(shí),蘇淮豬BMP7基因3'非編碼區(qū)(3'-UTR)的c.*273A>G位點(diǎn)與其產(chǎn)仔數(shù)性狀顯著關(guān)聯(lián)。孟科等(2022)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),BMP2基因g.48462350C>T位點(diǎn)、BMP4基因g.63454744 T>G位點(diǎn)和BMP7基因g.58171856C>G位點(diǎn)均不適用于杜泊羊、灘寒雜交羊、雜一代、雜二代和橫交一代等5個(gè)綿羊群體多羔性狀的選育。本研究結(jié)果表明,柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)與其繁殖性能間存在較強(qiáng)的關(guān)聯(lián)性,尤其是TT基因型個(gè)體的繁殖性能整體上優(yōu)于其他基因型個(gè)體,故推測(cè)TT基因型可能是5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)中的有利基因型,在總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)、初生窩重和斷奶仔豬數(shù)等繁殖性狀的培育過(guò)程中,TT基因型可作為分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇的參考。綜合柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因SNP位點(diǎn)雙倍型與其繁殖性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)分析結(jié)果可知,H2H2和H3H3個(gè)體的總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)、初生窩重、斷奶仔豬數(shù)和斷奶窩重均高于其他雙倍型個(gè)體,且H2H2個(gè)體整體上優(yōu)于H3H3個(gè)體(H3H3個(gè)體數(shù)較少,不具有代表性),尤其是H2H2個(gè)體在斷奶仔豬數(shù)和初生窩重方面表現(xiàn)出明顯優(yōu)勢(shì),因此認(rèn)為H2H2為有利雙倍型,可作為柯樂(lè)豬繁殖性狀分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇的參考。

4結(jié)論

在柯樂(lè)豬BMP7基因上發(fā)現(xiàn)的5個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)均與其繁殖性能存在較強(qiáng)的關(guān)聯(lián)性,BMP7基因可作為柯樂(lè)豬繁殖性狀的候選基因,而雙倍型H2H2可作為繁殖性狀分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇的參考。

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(責(zé)任編輯蘭宗寶)

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