閱讀與表達題主要考查學生對英語短文的理解能力和用英語進行表達的能力。它對學生的閱讀理解能力要求較高，不僅要求能理解文章的表層信息，還要對文章的內涵及邏輯關系能夠準確把握，并在理解的基礎上用簡短、精練、恰當?shù)木渥踊卮饐栴}。這類題型一般設3～5道小題，其中的問句多以特殊疑問句為主，偶爾會出現(xiàn)一道其他類型的疑問句。解答閱讀與表達題，閱讀是基礎，表達是關鍵。

表達時要注意以下原則：

1.在答題時，能簡略回答，盡量簡略回答。

2.書寫要規(guī)范。句子開頭首字母要大寫；標點符號要規(guī)范，并且要使用正確；單詞拼寫要正確無誤，書寫要認真美觀。

3.做適當調整。在回答時，學生應對照題目，根據需要對句子的人稱、單復數(shù)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性、主謂搭配等做出適當調整。

審題時要注意兩個方面：

1.看清提問方式。要分清是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句還是特殊疑問句。

2.要辨別問題類型。閱讀與表達主要分為細節(jié)理解題、主旨大意題、信息歸納題以及開放性問答題。學生需判斷幾道試題屬于以上哪類問題，再通過不同的閱讀策略高效獲取信息，從而得到答案。下面以細節(jié)理解題和主旨大意題為例進行解析。

例題解析

1.細節(jié)理解題

細節(jié)理解題是原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對原文具體敘述本身發(fā)問。這類題在原文中可直接找到答案，常用一般疑問句、選擇疑問句以及由who，what，where，when，why和how等引導的特殊疑問句來提問。這類題的提問方式常為：

Do your eyes need everyday attention？

When / Where did the story happen？

Who put rubbish into different bags？

凡是針對特定事實細節(jié)的考題，其正確答案大都可以在閱讀材料中找到相應的文字作為驗證。回答此類問題一般采取尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問題有關的詞語或句子，再進行分析對比，最后找出答案。如：

原文：On the first day of school， our professor introduced a little old lady to us.

問題：Who did the professor introduce on the first day of school？

思路：通過審題后尋讀，學生應回答：A little old lady.

2.主旨大意題

此類問題主要考查學生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力，其主要目的是培養(yǎng)學生歸納主要信息的能力?，F(xiàn)在初中學生閱讀時遇到的普遍問題是文章大意基本能看懂，但缺乏歸納主題和寫作目的的能力，而這恰恰是閱讀教學的主要目的。主旨大意題的提問方式通常是：

What is the main idea of the passage？ /What is the passage mainly about？ /What is the purpose of the writer’s writing the passage？ /What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us？ /What does the writer want to tell us？

由于文章的主旨大意通常會出現(xiàn)在首尾段或段落的首尾句，所以回答此類型題一般采用略讀法。略讀時要特別注意短文的首段、首句或末句，一般文章的主旨大意就在這里。抓住每段中的關鍵詞語，便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布，在答題時就心中有數(shù)了。

（1）有些文章主旨大意清晰明了，學生只需從原文中提取信息即可。如：

原文：Each educational system has its own advantages. For example， the Japanese students learn more math and science than American students by the end of high school. The advantage of the educational system in America is that students learn to think by themselves. The teaching method makes them more creative.

問題：What does the writer want to tell us？

思路：通過略讀尋找關鍵句，首句即是答案，學生應回答：Each educational system has its own advantages.

（2）有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾關鍵句之外，還要把握全文結構，分清段落層次，從而歸納出主旨大意。如：

原文：首段末句：But what about blue food？

第二段末句：Children still preferred the sweets that were the usual colors of red， green， brown， yellow and orange.

第三段末句：This is perhaps why we don’t usually use blue food coloring for drinks， cakes and other food.

第四段首句：Some people say we eat with our eyes.

尾段：So will we ever see blue foods on our plates？ The answer seems to be “no”， at least in countries like the UK and the USA.

問題：What is the passage mainly about？

思路：通過略讀尋找首尾段的關鍵句和其他段落的首尾句，并結合人們不喜歡藍色食物的現(xiàn)象以及原因，學生應總結答案為：People don’t like the blue food and the reasons.

實戰(zhàn)演練

閱讀短文，然后根據內容，回答問題。

Have you ever got close to the countryside and had a special experience？ During the winter vacation Kevin and his classmates joined in the school activity “Get close to the countryside”.

They lived in the farmers’ homes. The great living conditions surprised them a lot. Do you know where vegetables come from？ They got the answers when working with the farmers. Besides， they learned about other plants and some farm animals. How interesting！

They experienced the life in the countryside， learned something that they couldn’t get from books before， and felt the wonderful changes of the countryside. They realized how hard the farmers worked and decided to save food. They felt happy to see the farmers’ life was getting better and better.

They really hope they’ll have another activity like that this winter vacation！

1. Did Kevin and his classmates join in the school activity “Get close to the countryside” during the winter vacation？

2. What surprised them a lot in the countryside？

3. How did they feel when Kevin and his classmates saw the farmers’ life was getting better and better？

4. Do you like the countryside life？ Why or why not？

【答案】

1. Yes， they did.

2. The great living conditions.

3. They felt happy.

4. Yes， because the countryside life is very quiet and relaxing.Also，there are many kind people there.And air is nice and fresh there.I can plant vegetables and fruit trees. So I love countryside best！

（作者單位：山東省鄆城縣張營街道初級中學）