春節(jié),這一深深鐫刻在每一個(gè)中國(guó)人基因中的古老節(jié)日,在乙巳蛇年又迎來(lái)了一個(gè)新的身份——“人類非遺”,讓每一個(gè)參與其中的人都能感受到那份跨越千年的文化溫度。
《禮記·月令》有云:“數(shù)將幾終,歲且更始。”在中國(guó)古代,“歲”是收割和祭祀的工具。甲骨文中的“年”字,形如人負(fù)禾粟,則象征了農(nóng)作物的成熟和收獲。長(zhǎng)久以來(lái),人們?cè)诖汗?jié)前后,圍繞“年”展開(kāi)的豐富社會(huì)實(shí)踐,寄托著中國(guó)人對(duì)美好生活的無(wú)限向往與追求。
“共歡新故歲,迎送一宵中?!毙腋F(tuán)圓的年味、歡騰喜慶的年俗文化充盈著一代代中國(guó)人關(guān)于春節(jié)的集體記憶?!爸袊?guó)春節(jié)”申遺成功再次喚起了人們對(duì)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的關(guān)注。
山東,作為全國(guó)第一個(gè)以立法形式開(kāi)展“非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)月”活動(dòng)的省份,其國(guó)家級(jí)非遺名錄項(xiàng)目達(dá)186項(xiàng),位居全國(guó)第二位,省、市級(jí)非遺項(xiàng)目燦若星辰。
春節(jié)蘊(yùn)含著中國(guó)人對(duì)于種族延續(xù)、文化傳承、社會(huì)發(fā)展等多方面的認(rèn)知與想象,承載著家庭和睦、社會(huì)包容、人與自然和諧共生等人類共同理想和美好追求。山東的眾多非遺項(xiàng)目,天生自帶這樣的美好屬性,讓中國(guó)春節(jié)擁有更豐富的地方特色。
在傳統(tǒng)春節(jié)習(xí)俗文化中,一把剪刀、一張紅紙、一塊木版都可作為塑造年味兒的工具。山東民間藝術(shù)猶如萬(wàn)花筒般絢爛多彩,其中煙臺(tái)剪紙、莒縣過(guò)門(mén)箋、楊家埠木版年畫(huà)等題材豐富完備,被賦予了祈福迎祥、消災(zāi)除禍的美好祝愿,裝點(diǎn)著家家戶戶的門(mén)楣,成為春節(jié)時(shí)增強(qiáng)節(jié)日氣氛的不二之選。
花如海,燈如晝,一夜魚(yú)龍舞。逛廟會(huì)、耍社火、賞花燈、聽(tīng)曲藝……春節(jié)熱鬧非凡的民俗活動(dòng),是每個(gè)中國(guó)人心靈深處最歡樂(lè)喜慶的記憶。從青島海云庵廟會(huì)的人潮涌動(dòng)、淄博火龍鋼花的極致浪漫,到臨清龍燈的傳承不息、山東梆子的鄉(xiāng)音繚繞,古老非遺與現(xiàn)代時(shí)尚的碰撞,讓人們?cè)跉v史文化的浸潤(rùn)中,盡享年俗的韻味與樂(lè)趣。
“從來(lái)年是有情日。”一桌闔家團(tuán)圓的年夜飯,一場(chǎng)歲尾年終的大相聚,春節(jié)是傳遞文化與情感的紐帶。山東各地的飲食風(fēng)俗花樣繁多,眾多非遺宴席、美食成為家家戶戶的“桌上客”,年味兒便從臘八節(jié)的蒜香中悄然開(kāi)始,一直彌漫到元宵節(jié)的舌尖甜蜜中,而其中承載著的吉祥、團(tuán)圓和幸福等寓意卻是大江南北的人們共同的新年期許。
無(wú)論時(shí)光如何流轉(zhuǎn),春節(jié)始終是中國(guó)人共同的精神守望。令人欣喜的是,從桃符到春聯(lián),從壓歲錢(qián)到電子紅包,從見(jiàn)面拜年到線上團(tuán)聚,傳統(tǒng)年俗并未在現(xiàn)代化浪潮中失去活力,反而在一年又一年的接續(xù)中從歷史走向未來(lái),以其鮮活而旺盛的生命力,詮釋著“一元復(fù)始,萬(wàn)象更新”的美好愿景。
編輯/郭蓓蓓
The Spring Festival, as an old festival engraved in every Chinese people’s gene, received a new identity – “Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity” in the year of the snake (2025), enabling everyone involved to feel the cultural warmth spanning millennia.
The New Year atmosphere dominated by happy reunions and the New Year custom culture brimming with jubilation are engraved on numerous generations of Chinese people’s collective memory of the Spring Festival. The successful entry of the “Chinese Spring Festival” into the intangible cultural heritage list has called attention to intangible cultural heritage again.
The Spring Festival contains the Chinese people’s knowledge and imagination of racial continuity, cultural inheritance, social development, and other aspects, and carries mankind’s common aspirations and pursuits, including family harmony, social inclusiveness, and harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Numerous intangible cultural heritages of Shandong are endowed with such excellent attributes, adding richer local characteristics to the Chinese Spring Festival.
Going to a temple fair, watching Shehuo performances, viewing lanterns, listening to Quyi… The lively folk activities during the Spring Festival are the most joyous memories for every Chinese individual. From the crowded Haiyun Temple Fair in Qingdao and the romantic “fire dragon dance in a shower of molten iron” in Zibo, to the time-honored Linqing dragon lanterns and the rustic Shandong Bangzi (wooden clapper opera), the collision between ancient intangible cultural heritage and modern fashion allows us to feel the charm and pleasure of New Year customs under the influence of history and culture.