羅英瓊

一、 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的基本含義

what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句可在句中作主語、賓語和表語，分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句。此時(shí)what表示“……的內(nèi)容”。

(一) 引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語。

【典型考例】

1._____made the school proud was_____more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.

A. What; because B. What; that

C. That; what D. That; because

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為B。 What引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作主語；that引導(dǎo)表語從句，在表語從句中起連接作用。

2._____she couldnt understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons._____

A. What; why B. That; what

C. What; because D. Why; that

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為A。主語從句she couldnt understand 缺少賓語，要用what 引導(dǎo)。表語從句fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons這種現(xiàn)象是明擺著的，她不會(huì)不知道，她不知道的是出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因，因此，要用why 引導(dǎo)。故選A。

【注】 有時(shí)為了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主語，放在句首，用what連接的主語從句作真正主語放句末。

3. Its pretty well understood_____ controls the flow of carbon dioxidein today.

A. that B. when C. what D. how

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為C。引導(dǎo)主語從句，what在從句中作主語。

（二） 引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語、表語或賓語。

【典型考例】

4. —Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?

—Oh, thats_____ .

A. what makes me feel excited

B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it

D. when I feel excited

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為A。此題考查what 引導(dǎo)表語從句，在表語從句中作主語。

5. Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats_____it takes to do anything well.

A. what B. that C. which D. why

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為A。這是一個(gè)表語從句，what 在表語從句中作takes的賓語。構(gòu)成It takes sth to do sth 的句型。譯文：毅力是一種品質(zhì)，要做好任何事情都需要毅力。

（三） 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。

【典型考例】

6. People have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see_____ he will do.

A. how B. what C. when D. that

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為B。此題考查what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在從句中作do的賓語。

7. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule. Always give the monkey_____he wants.

A. what B. which C. when D. that

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為A。這是一個(gè)賓語從句，wants后面缺少賓語，所以要填寫what。譯文：當(dāng)你在找工作面試回答問題時(shí)，請記住這條黃金定律：永遠(yuǎn)給予對方想要的東西。

8. A computer can only do_____you have instructed it to do.

A. how B. after C. what D. when

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為C。這是賓語從句，賓語從句中to do 缺少賓語，所以要選擇what。

二、 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的創(chuàng)新含義

what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句有創(chuàng)新含義，表示“……的價(jià)格、方法、地方、速度、人”等。

【典型考例】

9. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for_____he thought was not enough.

A. where B. how C. what D. which

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為C。由sell for可以推斷該空表示“……的價(jià)格”。故應(yīng)選what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

10. The way he did it was different_____ we were used to.

A. in which B. in what

C. from what D. from which

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為C。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空作介詞賓語，借助The way 可以推斷，該空表示“不同于……的方法”。故應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

11. A modern city has been set up in_____was a wasteland ten years ago.

A. what B. which

C. that D. where

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為A。借助a wasteland 可以推斷，該空表示“……的地方”，故應(yīng)選what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

12. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at_____I thought was a dangerous speed.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為C。借助a dangerous speed 可以推斷，該空表示“……的速度”，故應(yīng)選what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

13. You are quite wrong, Tom ist_____he used to be any longer.

A. that B. who C. what D. whom

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為C。借助Tom 表人的語境邏輯可以推斷，該空表示“……的人”， 故應(yīng)選what引導(dǎo)表語從句。

三、 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句應(yīng)用陳述語序

what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句不同于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)用陳述語序。

【典型考例】

14. No one can be sure_____in a millon years.

A. what man will look like

B. what will man look like

C. man will look like what

D. what look will man like

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為A。分析語境含義和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處為賓語從句，應(yīng)采用陳述語序。

四、 what引導(dǎo)由感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)換而來的賓語從句的用法

what引導(dǎo)感嘆句時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句，此時(shí)what常含“多么……”之意。

【典型考例】

15. I was surprised by her words,which made me recognize_____ silly mistakes I had made.

A. that B. how C. what D. which

【思路點(diǎn)撥】 答案為C。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空為recognize的賓語部分，且含有“多么……”之意。因此應(yīng)選what引導(dǎo)由感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)換而來的賓語從句。

【鞏固練習(xí)】

1．_____ we cant get seems better than_____ we have.

A. What; what B. What; that

C. That; that D. That; what

2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer_____it was 20 years ago.

A. what B. that C. when D. where

3. The photographs will show you_____ .

A. what does our village look like

B. what our village looks like

C. how does our village look like

D. how our village looks like

4. I knew nothing about the accident_____Iread in the newspaper.

A. except that B. except what

C. besides what D. besides that

5. Those who were left alone in the cave knew better than the others_____sounds bats in the dark made.

A. that frightening B. which frightening

C. what frightening D. how frightening

6. —The basketball team is in the playoffs.Ill watch it on TV. Do you want to come over?

—Actually I have a ticket, but Im not feeling well.You can have it for_____it cost me.

A. that B. which C. how D. what

7. She did not know_____had happened.

A. what B. when C. how D. why

8. Determination is a kind of basic quality and this is_____it takes to do jobs well.

A. what B. that C. which D. why

9. The soldiers soon reached_____was once an old temple.

A. which B. what C. where D. that

10. They paid to the state fifty percent of_____they were able to earn.

A. that B. what C. which D. whom

Keys: 1. A2. A3. B4. B5. C6. D7. A8. A9. B10. B