謝　昊

1.let in

解讀 動詞短語，意思是“讓……進來”。例如:

Open the window and let in the fresh air. 打開窗戶透透新鮮空氣吧。

Shes new in our class; let her in!她是我們班的新生，讓她進來吧！

Then the assistant let us into the library.

后來，管理員讓我們進入圖書館。

警示 let in是一個“動副結構”的動詞短語，后接人稱代詞作賓語時，必須將人稱代詞置于let和in之間。

類似這種結構的短語還有：

①let out放掉，泄露。例如:

Be sure not to let out the news. 請記住不要走漏消息。

The pond is too deep; let out some water. 水太深，放掉一些水吧。

②let away讓……走。例如:

Its not her business; let her away. 不關她的事，讓她走。

③let through 讓……穿過。例如:

The policeman stopped other traffic and let us through.

警察攔住其他車輛，讓我們通過。

④let+賓語+賓語補足語。例如:

Let them set off at once. 叫他們立刻出發(fā)。

Let the smoke out of the room. 讓煙從房間飄出。

Lets not be late for the lecture. 我們聽演講不要遲到。

延伸 let引導的祈使句其否定形式有兩種。即：

①Dont let…

②Let sb. not…

其中句①常用于口語，句②多用于書面語。例如:

Dont let him know. 不要讓他知道。

Let him not go out. 不要讓他出去。

應用 選擇填空。

①Keep the door closed; dont let ____ the flies.

A. away B. in C. through D. into

②The water in the pool is dirty; let ____.

A. it out B. them out C. out it D. out them

③Let people all over the world ____ friends.

A. are B. is C. am D. be

解答 ①B let in放進來。

②A let out是“動副結構”短語。

③D let sb. do sth.讓某人干某事。

2.remind

解讀 及物動詞，意思是“提醒，使想起”。例如：

If I forget, please remind me. 假如我忘了，請?zhí)嵝盐摇?/p>

Please remind me that I must call him up at noon.

請?zhí)嵝盐以谥形鐣r給他打個電話。

若表達“使得某人想起某事”，用“remind sb. of sth.”。例如:

You reminded me of my childhood. 你使我想起了我的童年。

That film reminds her of what she did before.

那部電影使得她回憶起她以前所做的事。

“提醒某人去干某事”用“remind sb. to do sth.”。例如:

I often remind myself not to fall behind. 我常常提醒自己不要落后。

比較 remind不是remember，前者是“使人想起”，后者是“(不自然地)記起，(有意識地)識記”。例如:

I suddenly remembered I left my key at home.

我突然想起我把鑰匙忘在家里了。

You must remember this word. 你一定得記住這個單詞。

應用 指出下列句子中的錯誤，并改正。

①The boy reminds me my life in the country.

②Your words reminded him what he said last week.

③I dont remember to see her.

④Remind to bring the book next time.

解答 ①reminds me→reminds me of “remind sb. of sth.”使某人想起某事。

②reminded him→reminded him of(同①)。

③to see→seeingremember doing sth. 記得做過某事。(事已做完)

④Remind→Rememberremember to do sth. 記住去做某事。(事未做)

3.other

解讀 (1)形容詞，有以下幾種含義:

①別的，另外的。例如:

Where are other people, Mark? 馬克，其他人呢？

Ill come some other day. 我改日再來吧。

②隔一個的。例如:

My parents come to see me every other week.

我爸媽每隔一周來看我一次。

Please write on every other line. 請隔一行寫。

(2)代詞，意思是“其他的人或物”，常用復數(shù)形式others。例如:

I dont like these belts; could you show me some others?

我不喜歡這些褲帶，能給我看看另外幾種嗎？

Alice does better in English than all the others in her class.

愛麗絲的英語學得比她班上的其他所有人都好。

警示 other常組成以下搭配:

①one…the other…表示“(兩者中的)一個……另一個”，有時可以不出現(xiàn)one一詞。例如:

One of his legs is shorter than the other. 他的一條腿比另一條腿短。

On the other side of the river are a lot of bananas.

河的另一邊有許多香蕉。

②some…others…表示“(多者中的)一些……另一些……”。例如:

Many kids wear pants, some wear black pants, others wear white ones. 很多小孩穿長褲，一些穿著黑色的，另一些穿著白色的。

③each other意思是“彼此”。例如:

Lets write to each other. 我們相互寫信。

They ask each others name. 他們互問姓名。

辨析 other, the other, others, the others和another的用法

總的來說：other和the other一般作形容詞用；others和the others作代詞用；another既可以作形容詞，也可以作代詞。它們的具體區(qū)分如下表：

(注意：在one…the other…句型中，the other后接單數(shù)名詞)

例如:

English is widely spoken in the UK, the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand; what about other countries?

在英國、美國、加拿大、澳大利亞和新西蘭，英語被廣泛地使用，其他國家呢？

Four foreigners come to our school; thats one, where are the others?

四個外賓來我們學校，那里有一個，其他幾位在哪兒呢？

These pears are quite delicious; would you like another one?

這些梨很好吃，你想再來一個嗎？

We should help others when theyre in trouble.

別人有困難時，我們應該幫助他們。

Ann sings better than the other girls in her school.

安唱得比她學校里的其他女孩好。

應用 用方框中所給的詞填空。

other, others, another, the other, the others

①We learn Chinese, math, English, physics and some ____ subjects.

②Scientists have found nobodys hand is exactly as long as ____.

③Mum, Id like ____ piece of chocolate.

④At the meeting, some said yes, some said no, and ____ said nothing.

⑤Of the four boys, one is from Korea, ____ are from India.

⑥Any ____ person would be welcome here.

⑦Please come to my office some ____ time.

⑧I met David ____ day.

解答 ①other 修飾復數(shù)名詞，且還有另外的修飾詞some，故不用the other。

②the other “一人只有兩只手”，表示“兩者”關系。

③another 修飾單數(shù)名詞piece。

④others 固定搭配“some…others…”。

⑤the others 四個男孩中已談到了一個，剩下的自然是“定指”。

⑥other any表示“任何一個”，此空修飾名詞，前面另有修飾詞。

⑦other 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，且前面另有修飾詞。

⑧the other the other day意思是“幾天前”。

4.living

解讀 (1)作形容詞，意思是:

①活著的。例如:

Is your grandma still living? 你奶奶還在世嗎？

Hes a living Lei Feng. 他是一個活雷鋒。

②活動的。例如:

Is that living water? 那是活水嗎？

English is a living language. 英語是一門活生生的語言。

(2)作名詞，意思是“生計”。例如:

To make a living, he had to get a part-time job in a restaurant.

為了生計，他在餐館里找了一份兼職的工作。

How did you earn a living in the past? 你在過去是怎樣活過來的？

The living were seriously hurt, too. 活著的人也受了重傷。

比較 live動詞，意思是“生活”；life名詞，意思是“生活，生命”；lively形容詞，意思是“生動的”。例如:

Were living a happy life now. 我們現(xiàn)在過著幸福的生活。

His classes are lively and interesting. 他上的課生動有趣。

To him, the most important thing is to save lives.

對他來說，最重要的事情就是搶救生命。

(3)其他的搭配。如:

living room 起居室 living space 生存空間

應用 用live的適當形式完成下列句子。

①I wish ____ on the Mars some day.

②The writer made a ____ description of that.

③The ____ here is quite different from that in your country.

④How many people are ____ in the train crash?

解答 ①to livewish to do sth. 希望做某事。

②lively生動地描述某事。

③lifethe life here這里的生活。

④living活著的。

5.turn down

解讀 (1)動詞短語，意思是“(把電視、收音機等的音量)調(diào)小”。其反義詞是turn up。例如:

Its too noisy here; could you turn up the radio a little?

這里太吵了，你能把收音機(音量)稍微調(diào)大點嗎？

The baby is asleep; turn down the TV.

孩子睡著了，把電視音量調(diào)小些。

(2)turn一詞常見的用法有:

①實義動詞，“轉(zhuǎn)，旋轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)動”。例如:

Turn left at the second crossing, then go on.

在第二個十字路口向左轉(zhuǎn)，然后繼續(xù)走。

The hands of the clock turn round and round.

時鐘的指針轉(zhuǎn)呀轉(zhuǎn)。

②實義動詞，“翻(轉(zhuǎn))”。例如:

Now please turn to Page 20. 現(xiàn)在，請翻到第二十頁。

③實義動詞，“轉(zhuǎn)身”。例如:

He turned when I called him. 我叫他，他就回過頭來。

She turned and saw a boy following her.

她一轉(zhuǎn)身，就見一個男孩跟著她。

④連系動詞，“變色”。例如:

In autumn leaves turn yellow. 秋天，葉子變黃。

When the traffic lights turn red, you can cross the street.

當交通燈變紅時，你可以橫過大街。

⑤名詞，“輪次，班”。例如:

Take turns to ask the question. 按照順序問問題。

Im on the afternoon turn. 我上下午班。

⑥其他短語。例如:

turn on打開(燈、水龍頭、電視等) turn off關掉

turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)過來 turn in上交

turn round繞……轉(zhuǎn) turn to求助于

by turns輪流 in ones turn輪到某人

拓展 turn的名詞turning作“轉(zhuǎn)彎處”講。例如:

Take the first turning on the right. 在第一個轉(zhuǎn)彎處向右拐。

應用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列句子。

①Lets play the games ____(輪流).

②Her hair ____(變白).

③The moon ____(繞著……轉(zhuǎn)) the earth.

④The womens football match is beginning; ____(打開) the TV quickly.

⑤The teacher told us ____(翻回到) Page 26.

解答 ①by turn ②turns grey ③turns round/around

④turn on ⑤to turn back to