姜經(jīng)志
Unit 1
Section A
1. What do you usually do on weekends? 周末你通常做什么?
on weekends 意為“在周末”、“每逢周末”,屬于美國英語的用法。英國人則習(xí)慣于使用at weekends或at the weekend。例如:
They often have a party on/at weekends. 他們經(jīng)常在周末聚會。
Sometimes they go to see a film on/at weekends. 有時他們在周末去看電影。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
許多人在周末去購物。
Many people go shopping ____ ____.
[Key:on/at weekends]
2. I often go to the movies.
我經(jīng)常去看電影。
often 意為“經(jīng)?!?,是頻度副詞。常見的頻度副詞還有always, usually, sometimes, hardly, never等。頻度副詞常常位于實義動詞之前,be動詞、情態(tài)動詞及助動詞之后。但sometimes的位置較為靈活,可位于句首、句中或句末。例如:
They are always late for school.
他們上學(xué)總是遲到。
The old man can hardly walk.
那位老人幾乎不能走路。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
托尼有時騎車去上學(xué)。
____ Tony goes to school by bike.
[Key:Sometimes]
3. They often go to the movies.
他們經(jīng)常去看電影。
How often do you watch TV?
你(你們)多久看一次電視?
“看電視”、“看比賽”英語譯為“watch TV”、“watch a match”。“看電影”可譯為:see a film; go to a film; go to the films; go to see a film; go and see a film; go to the cinema; go to the movies等。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
我喜歡看電視,不喜歡看電影。
I like ____ TV and I dont like ____ ____ ____ ____.
[Key: watching, going to the cinema/going to the movies]
4. Here are the results of the students activity survey at Green High School. 這是綠色中學(xué)學(xué)生活動情況調(diào)查的結(jié)果。
here, there置于句首且主語是名詞時,主語和謂語要用倒裝語序。例如:
Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。
[特別提醒]當主語是代詞時,主語和謂語不倒裝。例如:
Here you are. 給你。
Here we are. 我們到了。
There he is. 他在那兒。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
鈴響了。
____ ____ the bell.
[Key:There goes]
5. As for homework, most students do homework every day. 談到家庭作業(yè),大多數(shù)學(xué)生每天做。
as for意為“至于,關(guān)于”。例如:
We all passed the examination, but as for him, he alone failed.
我們都及格了,但至于他,只有他一個人不及格。
I enjoy going to the movies. But as for the theater, I prefer staying at home. 我喜歡看電影。但至于看戲,我寧愿留在家里。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
我喜歡英語,至于數(shù)學(xué),我一點也不喜歡。
I like English, but ____ ____ math, I dont like it at all.
[Key:as for]
Section B
1. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?
她的生活方式與你的生活方式是相同還是不同?
the same as意為“同……一樣”。例如:
Lin Taos watch is the same as yours. 林濤的手表和你的一樣。
be the same as 的反義詞組為“be different from…”意為“與……不同”。例如:
English names are different from Chinese names.
英語的名字與漢語的名字不同。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
這本詞典與我的一樣。
This dictionary is ____ ____ ____ mine.
[Key:the same as]
2.…but Im pretty healthy. ……但我相當健康。
此處的pretty作副詞,意為“非常,相當”,可用來修飾形容詞或副詞,表示程度。該句中的“healthy”是形容詞,意為“身體健康的”。例如:
The movie is pretty good. 那部電影非常好。
He is pretty old now. 他現(xiàn)在相當老了。
Although my grandmother is 80 years old, she is still healthy.
我的祖母雖然80歲了,但還是很健康。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
她的英語非常好。
Her English is ____ good.
[Key:pretty/very]
3. I try to eat a lot of vegetables. 我盡量多吃蔬菜。
try to do sth. 表示“努力去做……,設(shè)法做……”的意思。例如:
Try to catch up with your classmates. 努力去趕上你的同學(xué)。
try的后面也可接V-ing形式,表示嘗試著做某事。例如:
Lets try knocking at the window. 咱們敲窗戶試試。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
我要設(shè)法學(xué)好英語。
Ill ____ ____ ____ English well.
[Key:try to learn]
4. I hardly ever exercise. 我難得進行鍛煉。
hardly作副詞,意為“幾乎不,幾乎沒有”。表示否定,通常置于實義動詞之前,be動詞和助動詞之后。例如:
We hardly have time to play. 我們幾乎沒時間玩耍。
I can hardly understand them. 我簡直無法理解他們所說的話。
ever用于否定句中,意為“無論何時都不……,至今不曾……”,可與含有否定意味的語句連用。例如:
We hardly ever eat out. 我們很少在外面吃飯。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
我?guī)缀醪辉谕饷娉燥垺?/p>
I ____ ____ have dinner outside.
[Key: hardly ever]
5. So maybe Im not very healthy, although I do have one healthy habit. 所以盡管我的確有好的健康習(xí)慣,但也許我并不太健康。
漢語的“雖然……但是……”譯成英語時,用了though/although就不可再用but;同樣,用了but, 就不可再用though/although。例如:
雖然天很晚了,但他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)工作。
誤:Though it was late, but they still went on working.
正:Though it was late, they still went on working.
正:It was late, but they still went on working.
[練習(xí)]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。
It was very hot, but the football match still went on.
____ it was very hot, the football match still went on.
[Key: Although/Though]
6. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health.
大量的蔬菜幫助你保持健康。
此處的keep作動詞,意為“保持(某種狀態(tài))”,其后常跟形容詞,副詞或介詞短語。本句中的“in good health”就是一個介詞短語,表示“身體處于健康狀態(tài)”。例如:
He keeps in the shade because it is very hot.
他一直呆在陰涼的地方,因為天氣太熱。
Keep along this road. 沿著這條路走。
[練習(xí)]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。
他們必須把手放在背后。
They must ____ their hands ____ their backs.
[Key:keep, behind]
Unit 2
Section A
1. Whats the matter? 怎么了?
這是醫(yī)生問診時的常用語,可以單獨使用,也可與with連用?!癢hats the matter with…”表示“……怎么啦?”。它也可用來表示“某物怎么了”。類似的說法還有:Whats wrong with…?/Whats…trouble? 例如:
Whats the matter with you? (=Whats your trouble?) 你怎么了?
Whats wrong with your computer? 你的電腦怎么了?
[練習(xí)]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。
Whats wrong with her bike?
Whats ____ ____ with her bike?
[Key:the matter]
2. I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。
have 后面接表示疾病的名詞,指“生……病”、“患……病”,口語中常用have got代替have。例如:
——Whats the matter, David? 怎么啦,大衛(wèi)?
——Im having a toothache. 我牙疼。
[特別提醒] ache和sore是兩個與疼痛有關(guān)的詞語,常與表示身體具體部位的名詞構(gòu)成合成詞或短語,表示某一部位的疼痛。ache位于名詞后面,sore位于名詞前面。例如:
headache頭痛;stomachache 胃疼;
backache背疼;toothache 牙疼;
earache 耳朵疼;sore throat 喉嚨疼;
sore foot 腳疼;sore knee 膝蓋疼
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
丹尼沒來上課,因為他頭疼得厲害。
Danny is not here for class because he ____ a bad ____.
[Key:has, headache]
3. I think so. 我認為是這樣。
so置于think, hope, call, believe(相信), expect(期望), suppose(猜想) 等動詞或be afraid后面,替代其后含肯定意義的賓語或賓語從句。例如:
——Can I pass this examination? 我能通過這次考試嗎?
——Im afraid so. 恐怕能通過。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
“今天下午天會下雨?!?/p>
“我想是這樣?!?/p>
——Its going to rain this afternoon.
——____ ____ ____.
[Key:I think so]
4. You should lie down and rest. 你應(yīng)該躺下休息。
should意為“應(yīng)該”,后面接動詞原形。例如:
We should help each other and learn from each other.
我們應(yīng)該互相幫助,互相學(xué)習(xí)。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
這藥你應(yīng)該一天吃三次。
You ____ ____ this medicine three times a day.
[Key:should take]
Section B
1. Eating Danshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 吃丹參和黃芪對此也有益處。
動名詞(短語)作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
電視看得太多對你的眼睛有害。
Eating one apple a day is good for your health.
每天吃一個蘋果對你的身體有益。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
晚飯后散步對你的身體有好處。
Taking a walk after supper ____ ____ ____ your health.
[Key:is good for]
2. Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and its important to eat a balanced diet.
保持有利于健康的生活方式不難,平衡飲食也很重要。
本句中的兩個it都是形式主語,兩個動詞不定式(短語)是真正的主語。動詞不定式短語作主語時,有時短語比較長,為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡,常常用it作形式主語,而將作真正主語的動詞不定式短語放在句末。例如:
To learn English well is not easy. (=It is not easy to learn English well.) 學(xué)好英語不容易。
[練習(xí)]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。
To do morning exercises is very important.
____ ____ ____ to do morning exercises.
[Key:Its very important]
3. I study late every night, sometimes until 2 a.m., but I dont think Im improving.
每天晚上我都學(xué)到很晚,有時候直到凌晨2點,可是我覺得還是沒有提高。
“I think”后面跟含否定意義的賓語從句時,通常將語義上屬于從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語動詞上。believe, suppose, imagine 等動詞后面跟賓語從句時,也有類似的用法,要注意這類句子的漢譯。例如:
I dont think its a good idea. 我認為這不是個好主意。
Excuse me, but I dont think you are right. 對不起,我認為你不對。
until 意為“直到……之時”,在否定句中表示“直到……才……”。例如:
I didnt go to bed until ten oclock last night. 昨晚我直到十點才睡。
[練習(xí)]完成句子。
1) 我認為他不能回答這個問題。
I ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ this question.
2) 昨天下午她直到做完作業(yè)才離開教室。
Yesterday afternoon she ____ ____ the classroom ____ she finished her homework.
[Key:1)dont think he can answer 2)didnt leave, until]