康傳桂

在近年高考英語試題中，分詞短語與從句的考查比較頻繁。大家都知道分詞短語可以在句中作定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)和表語，但你知道這時(shí)的分詞短語可以與從句相互轉(zhuǎn)化嗎？下面就一般情況下分詞短語在句中作定語或狀語時(shí)與從句的轉(zhuǎn)化進(jìn)行介紹。

一、作定語的分詞短語與定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化。

1．現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時(shí)，一般都放在所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面，我們可以用定語從句來轉(zhuǎn)換，這時(shí)在意思上和一個(gè)定語從句沒有區(qū)別。

I dont know the person talking with my English teacher.

=I dont know the person who is talking with my English teacher.

我不認(rèn)識(shí)和我們英語老師說話的那個(gè)人？

2．現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時(shí)，分詞所表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)，一般有下面兩種情況。

1)分詞表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作、現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)，變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)用一般時(shí)態(tài)。

The monument standing in the middle of the playground was built in 1999.

=The monument that stands in the middle of the playground was built in 1999.

操場中間的紀(jì)念碑是1999年建的。

2)分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)需用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.

=Tell the children who are playing there not to make so much noise.

讓那些在那兒玩的孩子們別這么吵。

二、作狀語的分詞短語與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化。

1．現(xiàn)在分詞短語可以用作時(shí)間狀語，通常可以轉(zhuǎn)化為由when，while和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。

Seeing the house, he couldnt help thinking of the miserable days.

=When he saw the house, he couldnt help thinking of the miserable days.

看到那座房子，他不禁想起那些悲慘的日子。

如果分詞用的是完成形式，表示分詞的動(dòng)作完成以后，謂語表示的動(dòng)作才發(fā)生，轉(zhuǎn)化為從句時(shí)要用完成時(shí)態(tài)的謂語形式。

Having sung an English song, they began to have their class.

=After they had sung an English song, they began to have their class.

他們唱了一首英語歌之后就開始上課。

以as soon as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的主語若與主句主語一致時(shí)，可用on十v-ing形式簡化狀語從句，此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

Dr Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village.

=Dr Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village.

白求恩大夫一到那個(gè)村子就給受傷的戰(zhàn)士動(dòng)手術(shù)。

2．過去分詞短語可以用作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因的狀語從句。

Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.

=As they were influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.

在他的事跡的影響下，他們做了無數(shù)的好事。

Since I didnt know Chinese, I tried to speak to her in English.

=Not knowing Chinese, I tried to speak to her in English.

既然我不懂漢語，那我盡力用英語和她說。

3．連詞（when, before, after, while, though）+ 現(xiàn)在分詞。

While walking along the street, I heard my name called.

=While I was walking along the street, I heard my name called.

當(dāng)我沿著街道走的時(shí)候，我聽見有人叫我。

After she sang, she left the rich mans house.

=After singing, she left the rich mans house.

她唱好了歌離開了那富人的家。

4．連詞 (when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as) + 過去分詞。

The exhibition is more interesting than expected.

=The exhibition is more interesting than it was expected. 這個(gè)展覽比料想的有趣。

鞏固練習(xí)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, ___________all four people on board. (2009 上海卷)

A. killedB. killingC. killsD. to kill

2. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made __________in the restaurant. (2008 山東卷)

A. workingB. work

C. to workD. worked

3. __________around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (2008 陜西卷)

A. Having shownB. To be shown

C. Having been shownD. To show

4. __________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (2005 江蘇卷)

A. Having lostB. Lost

C. Being lostD. Losing

5. __________on the MSN, some people often use “88” for “good-bye”.

A. When chatB. When chatting

C. When chattedD. When to chat

二、改寫句子 (簡單句改為復(fù)合句，復(fù)合句改為ぜ虻ゾ)

1. As it was fine, I went fishing with my father.

2. Seen from the mountain, this city looks very beautiful at night.

3. Having finished my work, I went home.

4. Weather permitting, well have a picnic.

5. There being no taxi, we had to walk last night.

6. Although there was danger, he rushed out to carry the boy to safety.

7. If you turn to the right, youll find the school.

8. As he was driven by hunger, he stole a cake.

答 案

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1~5 BACBB

二、改寫句子

1. It being fine, I went fishing with my father.

2. When it is seen from the mountain, this city...

3. After I had finished my work, I went home.

4. If weather permits, well have a picnic.

5. As there was no taxi, we had to walk last night.

6. In spite of danger, he rushed out to carry the boy to safety.

7. Turning to the right, youll find the school.

8. Being driven by hunger, he stole a cake. / Driven by hunger, he stole a cake.