本刊記者 楊培舉
“1000萬總噸”完美收官
本刊記者 楊培舉
不經(jīng)意間,2010年的日歷即將翻到最后一頁?;厥撞憠验煹?010年,中國船級社(CCS)每一個(gè)人的心情都久久難以平息,因?yàn)檫@一年,CCS單年新造船檢驗(yàn)超過1000萬總噸,一舉創(chuàng)下新造船檢驗(yàn)的歷史新紀(jì)錄。為了確保1000萬總噸新造船安全落地,CCS上下一心,開始了一場史無前例的“攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)”。
單年超過1000萬總噸的新造船檢驗(yàn)任務(wù),在中國船檢史上前所未有,就是在西方發(fā)達(dá)國家的船級社,也并不多見。這是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)突飛猛進(jìn),中國造船業(yè)和航運(yùn)業(yè)發(fā)展突飛猛進(jìn),CCS綜合實(shí)力突飛猛進(jìn),上下游行業(yè)緊密合作突飛猛進(jìn)的結(jié)果。
對于年輕的CCS而言,這種突破可謂來之不易。成立于1956年的中國船級社,與有著200多年厚重積淀的西方老牌船級社相比,屬于國際船級社協(xié)會(huì)(IACS)中的新軍,規(guī)范科研能力和檢驗(yàn)?zāi)芰εc國際先進(jìn)水平相比,差距都很顯著。因此,不借助超常規(guī)發(fā)展路徑難以實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展。對此,CCS早有清醒認(rèn)識(shí)。1999年,CCS總裁李科浚以高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚的超前意識(shí),提出了“VCBP”計(jì)劃,“V”代表15萬噸以上的大型油輪,“C”代表5000箱以上的大型集裝箱船,“B”代表15萬噸以上的大型散貨船,“P”代表LNG/LPG以及海洋平臺(tái)。VCBP計(jì)劃囊括了當(dāng)今世界高技術(shù)、高附加值船舶的檢驗(yàn)規(guī)范,它的實(shí)施提升了CCS的整體水平,縮小了與國際先進(jìn)船級社間的差距,逐步摸索出一系列適合我國國情的新型船舶檢驗(yàn)方法。同時(shí),CCS還加強(qiáng)了與業(yè)界的聯(lián)合攻關(guān)。2003年1月,與中國船舶工業(yè)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)、中國造船工程學(xué)會(huì)、中國船舶工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司、中國船舶重工集團(tuán)公司、中國遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸(集團(tuán))總公司、萬邦航運(yùn)集團(tuán)總公司七家單位共同啟動(dòng)OBC(優(yōu)選散貨船)項(xiàng)目。另外,在IACS推出的散貨船和油船共同結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范方面,CCS在其中發(fā)揮了舉足輕重的作用。近年來,CCS在國際海事舞臺(tái)頻繁亮相,話語權(quán)逐漸得到加強(qiáng)。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),CCS參加IACS工作組數(shù)量從2007年的4個(gè),增加到2009年的33個(gè)。在參與IMO工作組的過程中,CCS利用技術(shù)專長給予我國政府有關(guān)部門有力的支撐,近十年來,CCS共替國家起草IMO提案71份,占我國IMO提案總數(shù)的86.6%,有力地維護(hù)了我國航運(yùn)業(yè)、造船及配套等產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展權(quán)益。
港口國檢查記錄是國際一流船級社的重要標(biāo)志。1997年、1998年的時(shí)候,中國旗船舶港口國檢查滯留率不斷升高,致使CCS級船隊(duì)在港口國檢查方面受到歧視性待遇。CCS幾經(jīng)努力,2000年中國旗船舶跳出黑名單,2001年實(shí)現(xiàn)了“脫黑入白”。與此同時(shí),中國旗船舶在巴黎備忘錄、東京備忘錄也都保持了較好水平。2009年,CCS級船隊(duì)PSC表現(xiàn)良好。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),CCS級船舶共接受TOKYO MOU、PARIS MOU和USCG檢查約2208艘次,滯留35艘次,責(zé)任滯留1艘次,滯留率為1.56%,責(zé)任滯留率為0.45‰,低于4.0‰的指標(biāo)。在與IACS其他成員的橫向比較中,CCS處于前列。
截至目前,CCS在全球共設(shè)立分社、辦事處、駐外檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)(公司)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)67個(gè),其中境內(nèi)43個(gè)、海外24個(gè),形成了以歐洲、北美、大洋洲以及遠(yuǎn)東和北非地區(qū)為主的覆蓋全球的服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò),使客戶在世界各地都能享受到CCS貼心周到的服務(wù)。
經(jīng)過了50多年的磨礪,今天CCS終于厚積薄發(fā),2009年新造船訂單達(dá)到700萬總噸,2010年一舉突破驚人的1000萬總噸。
獲得巨量訂單固然讓CCS驚喜萬分,但如此大規(guī)模的年度新造船檢驗(yàn)量是CCS有史以來第一次,且經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)尚未過去,撤單、延期等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)依然存在,按時(shí)保質(zhì)保量地完成檢驗(yàn)任務(wù),是對CCS船舶審圖、產(chǎn)品檢驗(yàn)和建造檢驗(yàn)技術(shù)管理、質(zhì)量管理和工作效率的全面考驗(yàn)。
為此,2010年初在北京召開的CCS系統(tǒng)工作會(huì)上,針對1000萬總噸新造船任務(wù)作了重點(diǎn)部署。CCS總裁李科浚在報(bào)告中明確了工作任務(wù):調(diào)動(dòng)全社各方資源,把CCS全方位的積極性調(diào)動(dòng)起來,各單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)立“軍令狀”,確?!按荒艹鍪?、人不能出事”,以優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)為“中國制造”增色。
為確保1000萬總噸新造船安全落地,CCS進(jìn)行了緊急而周密的備戰(zhàn)。一是建立新造船滯留建造檢驗(yàn)責(zé)任分析追溯機(jī)制,解決新造船舶滯留所暴露的質(zhì)量問題;二是對“十一五”期間新造船業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)和問題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理和總結(jié)。對在建和已交船舶集中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題,逐項(xiàng)進(jìn)行集中分析研究,制定針對性組織、技術(shù)、管理措施;三是根據(jù)新造船業(yè)務(wù)布局特點(diǎn),統(tǒng)一調(diào)配全系統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢資源,重點(diǎn)保障審圖、現(xiàn)場檢驗(yàn)?zāi)芰?。對重大?xiàng)目集中優(yōu)勢檢驗(yàn)力量,加強(qiáng)審圖及檢驗(yàn)監(jiān)控管理;四是按照項(xiàng)目組運(yùn)行方式,加強(qiáng)市場、審圖、建造、營運(yùn)等業(yè)務(wù)環(huán)節(jié)有效銜接,形成船型專業(yè)化的無縫隙管理鏈條;五是研究改善驗(yàn)船師的外部安全環(huán)境;六要繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對船用產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量控制。加大對5類15種目標(biāo)產(chǎn)品及其產(chǎn)品廠的清理整頓力度,加強(qiáng)新造船與26種產(chǎn)品聯(lián)動(dòng),防范低質(zhì)量船用產(chǎn)品上船。此外,關(guān)注和規(guī)避因船舶和產(chǎn)品訂單延期、棄單、撤單以及因船舶買賣糾紛而涉及到CCS的法律責(zé)任風(fēng)險(xiǎn),嚴(yán)格按照公約規(guī)范和質(zhì)量體系的要求做好檢驗(yàn)工作,使檢驗(yàn)質(zhì)量經(jīng)得起考驗(yàn)。
為了提高CCS的戰(zhàn)斗力和凝聚力,在2010年CCS系統(tǒng)工作會(huì)期間,還特別邀請了全國勞動(dòng)模范許振超,向與會(huì)代表做了一場生動(dòng)的報(bào)告。作為全國交通系統(tǒng)的一面旗幟,許振超精神感染了CCS全系統(tǒng)的干部職工,點(diǎn)燃了CCS干部職工奮力拼搏、再創(chuàng)佳績的激情。
李科浚說,許振超精神與船檢精神有共通之處,即“立足本職”、“干就要干得最好”、“爭就爭世界第一”。單年超過1000萬總噸的新造船檢驗(yàn)任務(wù),是對CCS的考驗(yàn),是成為“國際一流船級社”的重要基礎(chǔ)和發(fā)展機(jī)遇,CCS到了“鯤鵬展翅”的歷史時(shí)刻,需要舉全社之力攻堅(jiān)克難。
CCS黨委書記孫立成說,許振超刻苦鉆研、永攀技術(shù)高峰的奮發(fā)精神,正是CCS在攻堅(jiān)1000萬總噸新造船任務(wù)中需要的精神。于是,社黨委向全社發(fā)出《學(xué)習(xí)許振超精神》的倡議書。隨后,各分社、辦事處和科研、審圖機(jī)構(gòu)積極營造學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)、勇于創(chuàng)新的良好氛圍,為全面提升CCS自主創(chuàng)新能力注入了活力。
面對1000萬總噸新造船任務(wù),雖然CCS從上到下都制定了一系列備戰(zhàn)方案,但能否打贏這場戰(zhàn)役,尚需通過實(shí)戰(zhàn)來進(jìn)一步檢驗(yàn)。接下來,一場“攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)”在CCS內(nèi)部全線打響。
規(guī)范所和審圖中心是CCS的技術(shù)支持核心。上海規(guī)范所黨委書記曹俊說:“這也是生產(chǎn)一線,處在船檢工作的最前沿。技術(shù)立社,靠的就是科研規(guī)范?!痹跒?000萬總噸新造船檢驗(yàn)任務(wù)提供技術(shù)支持保障方面,所長楊忠民介紹,僅2010年上半年就完成重大科研規(guī)范項(xiàng)目14項(xiàng),正在進(jìn)行的項(xiàng)目32項(xiàng)。規(guī)范所還負(fù)責(zé)中國船級社知識(shí)中心(CCS KC)的維護(hù),組織專家解答客戶提出的各種技術(shù)問題,被譽(yù)為中國海事界的“百度”。CCS審圖中心主任魏紀(jì)友說,有人戲稱“審圖中心”成了“改圖中心”,因?yàn)樾略齑缬旰蟠汗S,不少船東、船廠、設(shè)計(jì)單位是新加入市場的,對規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理解不到位。在這種情況下,審圖人員不僅要依據(jù)規(guī)范找出薄弱環(huán)節(jié),還要細(xì)心解答??梢哉f,規(guī)范所和審圖中心是看不見硝煙的戰(zhàn)場,他們是船檢事業(yè)中的“幕后英雄”。
就在CCS幕后英雄日夜奮戰(zhàn)的同時(shí),CCS一線的英雄——驗(yàn)船師,也同樣在為1000萬總噸新造船安全落地而激烈鏖戰(zhàn)。CCS廣州分社總經(jīng)理譚好修說,檢驗(yàn)過程是對腦力和體力的極限考驗(yàn),一艘30.8萬噸散貨船或一艘23萬噸礦砂船的檢驗(yàn)路程,相當(dāng)于行萬里長征路。一個(gè)項(xiàng)目組一艘船每天的報(bào)驗(yàn)單就多達(dá)幾十項(xiàng),驗(yàn)船師們在船艙內(nèi)上下攀爬,每天平均攀爬兩三個(gè)來回,上下幾十趟,船艙內(nèi)有的地方狹小,只能貓著腰舉著手電筒匍匐前行。炎炎烈日下,船艙溫度高達(dá)五六十?dāng)z氏度,身上的衣服濕透一套又一套,有的艙體還伴有難聞的氣味,熏得人睜不開眼睛,無法呼吸,且時(shí)常還會(huì)遭遇不明物體無故墜落,異常危險(xiǎn),是對耐力和意志的極限考驗(yàn)。
CCS上海分社黨組書記肖海燕說,得益于造船高峰之年,分社的小伙子們趕上了百年不遇的機(jī)遇。他們奉獻(xiàn)精神強(qiáng),從不叫苦叫累,而是將完成任務(wù)當(dāng)成學(xué)習(xí)本領(lǐng)、提升自我的重要契機(jī)。驗(yàn)船師郁天磊對記者說:“我非常珍惜這種機(jī)會(huì)。老一輩的驗(yàn)船師沒有機(jī)會(huì)執(zhí)行大型集裝箱船、VLCC等高附加值船舶的檢驗(yàn)任務(wù),而我們這一代驗(yàn)船師趕上了,就得只爭朝夕,拼命學(xué)習(xí)!”CCS廣州分社南沙檢驗(yàn)處的任軍在日記中曾這樣寫道:“一上午才能看完一個(gè)邊壓載艙的檢查通道項(xiàng)目,鉆了無數(shù)個(gè)入孔,爬過許多道直梯和施工支架。艙內(nèi)空氣濁,帶著口罩,尤其是爬到后半段,感覺呼吸有些困難。從甲板鉆出來時(shí),已經(jīng)是三個(gè)多小時(shí)過去了。三個(gè)人會(huì)合時(shí),我們的工作服都已經(jīng)濕透了。晚上回家洗了澡,太太問我怎么背上有兩道血?。ㄆは鲁鲅?。估計(jì)是爬艙時(shí)蹭的,便開玩笑說,這是給驗(yàn)船師免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送的保健項(xiàng)目——刮痧?!?/p>
青島分社總經(jīng)理王志雄認(rèn)為,當(dāng)好一名驗(yàn)船師,不僅要技術(shù)過硬,還必須學(xué)會(huì)在船東和船廠之間起到橋梁紐帶作用,既要將規(guī)范要求解釋清楚,又要協(xié)調(diào)船東和船廠的關(guān)系。青島分社駐黃海船廠項(xiàng)目組負(fù)責(zé)德國國際船舶航海公司600TEU多用途集裝箱船的檢驗(yàn)任務(wù)。由于黃海船廠是以建造漁船聞名的老企業(yè),在技術(shù)儲(chǔ)備和管理模式上都有待提高,對于CCS要求按照程序報(bào)驗(yàn)非常不適應(yīng),加之德國船東有很多特殊要求,其艱難度可想而知。項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理苑金民帶領(lǐng)項(xiàng)目組日夜奮戰(zhàn),為船廠梳理檢驗(yàn)?zāi)J剑噍敯踩砟?,并盡力跟船東溝通,每天下班時(shí)間都是晚上九十點(diǎn)。對此,船廠領(lǐng)導(dǎo)很中肯地說:“沒有CCS,就沒有黃船的今天!”德國船東也明確表示,今后如果再在黃海船廠有項(xiàng)目,將優(yōu)先考慮CCS級。
這一組組鏡頭,其實(shí)只是CCS“攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)”的一個(gè)縮影??梢哉f,2010年一整年,CCS這些可歌可敬可愛的將士們,無不在用自己的滿腔熱情書寫著一項(xiàng)又一項(xiàng)的新紀(jì)錄。年終,上海、大連、廣州、天津、南京、武漢、秦皇島等各分支機(jī)構(gòu)紛紛傳來捷報(bào)。至此,1000萬總噸“攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)”勝利告捷。CCS用實(shí)際行動(dòng)向業(yè)界證明,經(jīng)過了1000萬總噸新造船任務(wù)的洗禮,CCS在向國際一流船級社邁進(jìn)的征程中又向前跨越了一大步!
The year of 2010 has come to an end without our awareness. Looking back on the magnificent past year, everyone in CCS cannot help feeling excited. In 2010,the single year new building survey of CCS exceeded 10m GT, and a new historical record has been created in new building survey. In order to ensure the smooth fulfillment of the 10m GT new building survey, CCS people work together to engage in an unprecedented“hard battle”.
Exceeding 10m GT new building survey is unprecedented in the history of China ship survey, and is also not common for western developed classification societies.It is the outcome of the fast development of Chinese economy, Chinese shipbuilding and shipping industry,the comprehensive strength of CCS and the close cooperation of relative industries.
For the young CCS, such breakthrough is not easy.Founded in 1956, CCS is the new member of IACS comparing with western classification societies which have 200 years of accumulation. CCS’ capability in rule, research and survey also lags far behind from the international advanced level. CCS is fully aware of this.In 1999, Mr. Li kejun CCS President, with his forwardlooking ideology, put forward “VCPB” program. In January,2003, CCS launched OBC project with China Association of National Shipbuilding Industry, Chinese Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, China State Shipbuilding Corporation, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company and Wanbang Shipping Group Corporation.CCS is well-prepared today after 50 years of overcoming various hardships. CCS achieved 7m tonnage new building order in 2009 and exceeded in a breath-taking way 10m tonnage in 2010.
Although it is a great joy for CCS to have won the enormous orders, such a large volume of annual new building survey is unprecedented in CCS’ history, which,coupled with the facts that the fi nancial crisis has not yet been over and risks of order withdrawal and prolongation still exist, have made the completion of the survey timely and with a high quality a comprehensive test for CCS management in plan approval, product inspection,construction survey technology, quality and work eff i ciency.
In the light of this, in CCS annual work meeting in Beijing at the beginning of 2010, CCS made planning for the 10m GT new building mission. Mr. Li Kejun, the President of CCS made clear the work in his report: to deploy resources form all over CCS and to activate the whole CCS, leaders from all units made “soldier writ” to ensure the safety of ships and people and to promote “made in China” with quality service.
In order to ensure the fulf i llment of 10m GT new building safely, CCS made urgent and careful preparations. Firstly,to establish construction survey responsibility analysis and traceability mechanism for new building detention to solve the quality problems revealed by new building detentions;secondly, to summarize and conclude systematically the experience and problems in new building business development during the “11thfi ve-year plan” period; thirdly,to deploy in a unif i ed manner the resources of the whole CCS according to the layout of new building business,with emphasis on plan approval and field survey capabilities; fourthly, to strengthen effective connection between marketing, plan approval, construction, operation using the project team operation mode to form seamless management chain of specialized ship type; fifthly, to study and improve external safety environment of the surveyors; sixthly, to continue to strengthen quality control of marine products.
Though preparations have been made all over CCS,the outcome of this battle will be decided by the actual fi ghting, and a “hard-f i ghting battle” began in CCS.
In providing technical support to the 10m GT new building survey mission, Mr.Yang Zhongmin, the Director of Shanghai Rules and Research Institute said, 14 major science and rule research projects have been completed in the first half of 2010, 32 projects are still under way.CCS plan approval centre not only needs to fi nd out the weak points based on the rules, but also needs to provide solutions. It can be said that rule and research institute and plan approval centre are the battlefields without flames and they are the “behind the screen heroes” of ship survey.
At the same time of CCS “behind the screen heroes”working day in and day out, CCS front line heroes,surveyors, are also fighting intensely for the fulfillment of 10m new building. For the whole 2010, these CCS“soldiers” who should be praised, respected and beloved have been setting new records one after another with their aspirations. At the end of 2010, news of victories from Shanghai, Dalian, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Nanjing, Wuhan,Qinhuangdao and other branches keep coming in. By this time, the 10m “hard battle” is ended victoriously. With its practical performance, CCS testifies to the industry that after the severe test of 10m new building mission, CCS has made a great leap forward towards the first rank international classif i cation society.
Perfect Fulf i llment of the 10m Gross Tonnage Survey
Reporter Yang Peiju