田麗紅 陳勝良

縱觀近幾年全國各地的英語中考試題,主謂一致頗受命題人的青睞。所謂主謂一致,即英語句子的謂語在人稱和數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主謂一致主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇題、完形填空題及短文改錯(cuò)等題型里。欲解答此類試題,必須掌握主謂一致的三個(gè)原則:語法一致、意義一致和就近原則。

語法一致原則

1. 在連詞and或both…and…連接的并列主語后面,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

This is my twin sister Lucy. Both she and I ____ good at drawing. (08重慶)

A. am B. is C. are D. be

2. 不定代詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Listen! Someone ____ outside. (06重慶)

A. sing B. sings

C. is singing D. are singing

3. 主語后面有with, together with, along with, except, but, as well as等連接的短語時(shí),謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)仍與原來的主語保持一致,不受后面短語的影響。

Dinna, together with her friends, ____ Chinese in China. (09天津)

A. study B. have studied

C. studies D. are studying

4. 非謂語動詞(動詞-ing, 不定式)作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Talking loudly on the mobile phone ____ impolite. (07內(nèi)江)

A. are B. seem C. is

5. each 用作代詞在句中作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。each作同位語時(shí)不影響謂語動詞的數(shù)。

Since last term, each of them ____ an English-Chinese dictionary. (05宜昌)

A. had B. has

C. has had D. have had

6. 以pants (trousers), shoes, jeans, socks, glasses等詞作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但當(dāng)它們前面有a (this) pair of 修飾時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

This pair of jeans ____ Tinas. (06呼和浩特)

A. are B. be C. is D. will be

7. the number of 作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù),a number of 作主語,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

——A number of students ____ in the dinning hall.

——Let me count. The number of the students ____ about 400. (08鶴崗)

A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are

意義一致原則

1. 以maths, physics, news, politics等看似復(fù)數(shù)實(shí)則單數(shù)的詞作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

The news ____ very interesting!Tell me more! (09河南)

A. is B. are C. were D. was

2. 表示金錢、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、度量等的詞作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

How time flies!Three years ____ really a short time. (06濱州)

A. is B. are C. was D. were

3. 集體名詞family, class, team, group, army等作主語,如果表示整體概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果表示集體中的成員,謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。

In the coming summer holidays, my family ____ going to take a one-week trip to Qingdao.(07濟(jì)寧)

A. is B. are C. were D. was

4. people“人們”, police“警察”總是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

Good news! There ____ fewer people catching this kind of illness now. (09陜西)

A. are B. is C. were D. was

5. 由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語,如果是指同一概念(即and后面無冠詞),則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

The teacher and writer ____ coming to give us a talk next week.

A. are B. is C. was D. were

6. “the+姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“……一家”或“……夫婦”,當(dāng)其在句中作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

The Chengs ____ here for years. (2001深圳)

A. is living B. have lived

C. has lived D. lives

7. 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)等作主語時(shí),謂語動詞要與它們所指代的名詞的數(shù)一致。

____ of the money ____ been spent recycling the rubbish. (08包頭)

A. Three fourths; has B. Three fourths; have

C. Three fourth; has D. Three fourth; have

就近原則

1. either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí),謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與后一個(gè)成分保持一致。

——Hello, Mike. Long time no see. Where are you?

——Oh, not only my parents but also I ____ Wuhan for a month. (09黃岡)

A. have gone to B. have been to

C. has been in D. have been in

Neither Jim nor his cousins ____ to America, but ____ of them know the country very well.

(07濰坊)

A. have been; all B. have been; both

C. has been; all D. has been; both

2.在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果be動詞后有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列成分,謂語動詞與靠近be的那個(gè)成分保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。

There ____ some milk, two eggs and a few cakes on the table.(09寧波)

A. is B. are C. has D. have

There ____ a book, two rulers and four pens on the desk. (09天水)

A. are B. is C. be D. am