張素紅

高考英語短文改錯題僅占15分,分數(shù)不多但是每一分都很關(guān)鍵,并且一直是考生感到棘手的題型之一。為了幫助考生我從題型特點、錯誤類型及其解題方法幾個方面做以下分析:

一、高考英語短文改錯題題型特點

高考英語短文改錯題是以篇章為單位, 要求考生有很高的閱讀理解能力,考生必須擺脫孤立片面的思維定勢,以一種連貫的思路、整體的眼光去適應(yīng)這一題型。但是高考短文改錯題具有“高起點、低落點”的特點,對學(xué)生的語言感覺和語言能力要求較高,但改正的錯誤往往比較簡單。很多學(xué)生做不好改錯題不是因為沒有掌握這些語法知識,而是不能通過語感找出錯誤。所以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生有意識地去注意一些高考短文改錯的?？碱}型特點非常重要。

二、高考英語短文改錯題錯誤類型

經(jīng)過對2000年以來的高考英語短文改錯題作了細致的分析并加以歸類后,發(fā)現(xiàn)動詞仍是考查的重點,其他詞類趨于平均化。

1.動詞考查。主要考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致和非謂語動詞的使用。

The time passes quickly. Evening came. (2002)passes→passed

High over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon. (2006)discover→discovered

My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (2001) make前加to

…was very surprised see this when the balloon landed in front of them. (2006) see前加to

Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…(2003) talk→talking

2.名詞考查。主要涉及可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞以及名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的誤用。

Their word were a great encouragement to me. (2003) word→words

There are advantage for students to work while… (2005) advantage→advantages

3.代詞的誤用和限制詞的搭配

代詞涉及人稱代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞,主要是代詞的格與數(shù)的錯用和漏用。如男性用了女性代詞,單數(shù)用了復(fù)數(shù)代詞或相反;應(yīng)當用形容詞性的物主代詞用了名詞性等。限制詞的搭配主要涉及冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞的錯誤搭配。

The three of them were very excited.(2002)them→us

Finally, the men threw most of his clothes to save themselves. (2006) his→their

As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of animals and plants. (2002) famous前加a

4.形容詞和副詞

主要涉及到形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級與最高級的誤用,以及形容詞和副詞的誤用等。

…a concert can be very excited. (2004)

excited→exciting

The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make their balloon light. (2006)

light→lighter

5.考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系

如but, and, so, however, otherwise, however等一些并列連詞和連接副詞的誤用。before, after, when, until, since等狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞的誤用等,還有動詞、肯定和否定的誤用或多用等。

…as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they… (2001-84) and→or

It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.(2002-78) noon后加when

So then, a concert costs so much.(2004-82) So→But

I wont be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. (2004)although→because/as

6.固定詞組及慣用法的搭配

主要指一些動詞詞組的介詞或副詞使用錯誤

…sisters…in any other words, I am an only child. My parents…(2001-77) 去掉any

Evening came down. (2002-83) 去掉down

The balloon was coming up.(2006-80) up→down

The crowded are waiting for to greet them… ((2006-84)去掉for

to spend on anything as if they please. (2005-81)去掉if

7.數(shù)詞的誤用

主要是序數(shù)詞與基數(shù)詞的混用和錯用,以及hundred, thousand, dozen, score等詞和具體數(shù)量詞連用時的用法以及表示約數(shù)的用法。

三、高考英語短文改錯題的正確的解題方法

短文改錯不同于單句改錯,其改錯的過程是在一個特定的語境下進行的,其中的每一個錯誤都與上下文息息相關(guān)。因此,解題時考生要運用從“篇章著手,了解大意”,到“逐句分析,依行查錯”,再到“復(fù)讀全文、檢查核對”三步走的策略。

答題時考生應(yīng)聚焦以下幾點:

1.句中的時態(tài)、語態(tài)與語篇的行文協(xié)調(diào)嗎?2.非謂語動詞的形式正確嗎?3.主謂語一致嗎?4.各種代詞以及one, it, that等在指代關(guān)系上的使用正確嗎?5.名詞的數(shù)與格正確嗎?6.受母語的影響,although和but、because和so、return 和back、repeat和 again重復(fù)使用了嗎?7.表示轉(zhuǎn)折并列關(guān)系的連詞、副詞使用正確嗎?如:but, and, or, therefore, however的使用。8.固定搭配正確嗎?9.冠詞的使用正確嗎?

總之,改錯是一個具有一定難度而且較為復(fù)雜的過程,包含內(nèi)容多,涉及范圍廣,要做好這種測試題,非下苦功不可。只有通過廣泛閱讀,反復(fù)大量實踐,不斷提高,才能走出一條成功之道。