薛大泉, 張 威, 鄧澤軍, 馬紅梅, 鄭 實(shí), 虞心紅
(1. 華東理工大學(xué) a. 化工學(xué)院; b. 藥學(xué)院,上海 200237)
達(dá)泊西汀[1,化學(xué)名(S)-(+)-(N,N-二甲氨基)-3-(萘基-1-氧基)苯丙胺]是一種選擇性5-羥色胺重?cái)z取抑制劑,臨床上用其鹽酸鹽[1]。2009年2月在芬蘭和瑞典上市,用于成年男子早泄的按需治療,成為第一個(gè)改善男性早泄的新藥[2]。1的半衰期短,不良反應(yīng)小,能有效控制早泄癥狀[3]。預(yù)計(jì)1的年銷售額可達(dá)到5億美元[4]。
目前合成1的方法,要么合成路線較長,需要拆分,且收率不高[5~8];或原料昂貴且不易得,操作復(fù)雜[11~16];以3-氯苯丙酮為起始原料,經(jīng)不對稱還原,烴化,O-甲磺酰化及二甲胺化和成鹽合成1[17,18],此方法原料易得,操作簡單,且避免了拆分,具有良好的工業(yè)化前景,不足之處在于不對稱還原收率偏低。
本文借鑒合成手性醇的方法[19],由硼氫化鈉-無水氯化亞錫-(S)-(-)-α,α-二苯基脯氨醇不對稱還原體系成功地將3-氯苯丙酮還原成(R)-(+)-3-氯苯丙醇(2, Scheme 1),對映選擇性高,收率93.6%,彌補(bǔ)了文獻(xiàn)[17,18]方法的不足。
X0-6型精密熔點(diǎn)儀(溫度計(jì)未經(jīng)校正);WYS-300型核磁共振儀(CDCl3為溶劑,TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo)),VG ZAB-2fz型質(zhì)譜儀。
Scheme1
柱色譜用硅膠H或50 μm~75 μm硅膠、薄層色譜用硅膠GF254,青島海洋化工廠;其余所用試劑均為分析純。
(1) 2的合成
(2) (R)-(-)-3-(1-萘氧基)-1-苯基-1-丙醇(3)的合成
在三口燒瓶中加入固體NaOH 0.41 g(10.3 mmol)和DMF 8 mL,冰浴冷卻至3 ℃~5 ℃,攪拌下滴加α-萘酚1.39 g(9.64 mmol)的DMF(4 mL)溶液,滴畢,于5 ℃左右反應(yīng)2 h;加入2 1.50 g(8.79 mmol)的DMF(4 mL)溶液,于室溫反應(yīng)30 h(TLC跟蹤)。攪拌下傾入冰水(40 mL)中析晶,過濾,濾餅用水洗至近中性,于50 ℃減壓干燥后用石油醚重結(jié)晶得白色固體3,收率68.0%, m.p.77.2 ℃~78.1 ℃(67%, 76 ℃~78 ℃[17]);1H NMRδ: 8.27(dd,J=3.4 Hz, 6.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.84(dd,J=3.3 Hz, 6.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.33~7.53(m, 9H, ArH, PhH), 6.83(d,J=7.6 HZ, 1H, ArH), 5.16~5.20(m, 1H, 1-H), 4.21~4.41(m, 2H, 3-H), 2.39~2.45(m, 2H, 2-H), 1.28(s, 1H, OH); EI-MSm/z: 278.2(M+)。
(3) 1·HCl的合成
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