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壓力指數(shù)決策技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用進展

2011-09-28 02:54趙福麟
關(guān)鍵詞:井口水井油井

趙福麟

(中國石油大學(xué)石油工程學(xué)院,山東青島266555)

壓力指數(shù)決策技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用進展

趙福麟

(中國石油大學(xué)石油工程學(xué)院,山東青島266555)

壓力指數(shù)(PI)決策技術(shù)是以決策參數(shù)值決定區(qū)塊整體調(diào)剖重大問題的技術(shù)。值是通過注水井井口壓降曲線和PIt值定義式首先算得PIt值,然后用區(qū)塊注水井注水強度平均值的歸整值G將PIt值改正值()算出。值可用作區(qū)塊整體調(diào)剖的選塊、選井、選調(diào)剖劑及計算其用量、評價調(diào)剖效果和決定重復(fù)施工時間的決策參數(shù)。近年來,PIt值和值分別在判別調(diào)剖的充分程度、識別優(yōu)勢滲流通道、油井堵水的選井和指導(dǎo)調(diào)剖施工的應(yīng)用中取得進展。

PI決策技術(shù);調(diào)剖;堵水

1 注水井井口壓降曲線與PIt值

注水井井口壓降曲線是指突然關(guān)井后注水井井口壓力隨時間的降落曲線。PIt值是由注水井井口壓降曲線和PIt值的定義式算得。為了取得注水井井口壓降曲線,可在正常的注水條件下突然關(guān)井,記錄井口壓力隨時間變化,然后以壓力為縱坐標,以時間為橫坐標,畫出注水井的井口壓降曲線。圖1為3條典型的注水井井口壓降曲線。從圖1可以看到,曲線Ⅰ、曲線Ⅱ和曲線Ⅲ是注水井分別與高滲透層、中滲透層和低滲透層連通得到的。

為將注水井井口壓降曲線量化為一個決策參數(shù),可將關(guān)井時間為t時曲線下的面積積分算出(圖2),再由PIt值定義式算出PIt值,即

式中,PIt為注水井關(guān)井時間為t時的壓力指數(shù)值,MPa;p(t)為注水井關(guān)井時間為t時的壓力,MPa;t為注水井的關(guān)井時間,min。

圖1 典型的注水井井口壓降曲線Fig.1 Typical pressure drop curves at wellhead of injectors

圖2dt的計算Fig.2 Calculation ofdt

從式(1)和圖1可以看出,在相同關(guān)井時間t的條件下,PIt越小,注水地層的滲透率越高。

2 PIt值的理論基礎(chǔ)與值

由注水井試井公式推導(dǎo)的注水井PIt值與地層參數(shù)和流體物性參數(shù)的關(guān)系式[20]為

式中,q為注水井的日注量,m3·d-1;μ為流體的黏度,mPa·s;k為地層滲透率,μm2;h為地層厚度,m;re為注水井控制半徑,m;φ為地層孔隙度;C為綜合壓縮系數(shù),Pa-1;t為注水井關(guān)井時間,s。

從式(2)可以看出,注水井的PIt值與地層滲透率反相關(guān),與注水井注水強度(q/h)成正比。

為使注水井的PIt值可與區(qū)塊中其他注水井的PIt值相比較,從而得到注水井各自連通地層的滲透率,應(yīng)將各注水井的PIt值改正至一個相同的q/h值。這個相同的q/h值可選區(qū)塊注水井的q/h平均值的就近歸整值。由式(2)可得PIt值改正值的計算公式為

3 PI決策技術(shù)的應(yīng)用

3.1 區(qū)塊調(diào)剖必要性的判斷

地層越不均質(zhì),越需要調(diào)剖。地層的不均質(zhì)性可用滲透率級差表示。滲透率級差是指地層滲透率最大值與最小值的比值,其值越大,地層越不均質(zhì)。為了保證水驅(qū)油藏的采收率,滲透率級差超過3的地層就需要調(diào)剖。

為了求出區(qū)塊地層滲透率的級差,可通過測定區(qū)塊上所有注水井的井口壓降曲線,算出這些注水井的PI90值,由區(qū)塊注水井q/h平均值的就近歸整值G,改正PI90值,得值。由于地層滲透率與值反相關(guān),因此該區(qū)塊地層的滲透率級差為區(qū)塊上注水井最大值與最小值的比值。

圖3為曙光油田曙2-6-6塊注水井的井口壓降曲線。

圖3 曙2-6-6塊注水井井口壓降曲線Fig.3 Pressure drop curves at wellhead of injectors in Shu2-6-6 block

表1為該區(qū)塊注水井按PIG90值的排序。由于區(qū)塊q/h平均值為0.89 m·d·m,所以就近取歸整值(G)為1 m·d·m,因此將PI90記為PI90。

表1 曙2-6-6塊注水井按PI190值排列Table 1 Arrangement of injectors in Shu2-6-6 block according tovalue

表1 曙2-6-6塊注水井按PI190值排列Table 1 Arrangement of injectors in Shu2-6-6 block according tovalue

序號井號q/(m3·d-1)h/m h值(m3·d-1·m-1)q PI90/MPa PI190/MPa 說明17-0825.070.60.350.030.09 26-0546.099.00.460.310.67 36-0692.099.60.920.650.71 46-32055.0121.80.451.112.47調(diào)剖井57-7276.090.03.0710.093.29 66-0745.061.00.744.986.73 77-0383.076.01.098.197.51不處理井87-0752.075.00.697.3210.61 95-0468.079.80.8513.1615.48增注井106-01030.0116.40.264.2116.19平均77.288.90.895.016.38

由表1的數(shù)據(jù)可以算出曙2-6-6塊滲透率的級差為180,其值遠大于3,說明該區(qū)塊很需要調(diào)剖。

3.2 調(diào)剖井的選擇

區(qū)塊整體調(diào)剖并不需要每口注水井都調(diào)剖。PI決策技術(shù)是按照區(qū)塊注水井平均值與注水井的值選擇調(diào)剖井。通常是值低于區(qū)塊注水井平均值的井為調(diào)剖井值高于區(qū)塊注水井平均值的注水井為增注井(增注也是調(diào)剖)值略高于或略低于區(qū)塊注水井平均值的注水井為不處理井。區(qū)塊整體調(diào)剖后可使地層的滲透率趨于均質(zhì),有利于提高區(qū)塊水驅(qū)的波及系數(shù)和采收率。

3.3 調(diào)剖劑的選擇

注水井調(diào)剖劑按4個標準選擇,即地層溫度、地層水礦化度、注水井的值和成本。選擇調(diào)剖劑時,可從表2和表3按注水井的地層溫度、地層水礦化度和值選擇可用的調(diào)剖劑,再按成本最后選定調(diào)剖用的調(diào)剖劑。

表2 單液法調(diào)剖劑Table 2 Profile control agents for single-fluid method

表3 雙液法調(diào)剖劑Table 3 Profile control agents for double-fluid method

3.4 調(diào)剖劑用量計算

按PI決策技術(shù),調(diào)剖劑用量由下式計算:

式中,V為調(diào)剖劑的用量,m3;β為用量系數(shù),m3·MPa-1·m-1;h為注水地層厚度,m;為調(diào)剖前后值預(yù)期提高值,MPa。

為了取得區(qū)塊第一口調(diào)剖井的β值,按下式估算調(diào)剖劑的用量:

式中,V'為調(diào)剖劑的估算用量,m3;R2為調(diào)剖劑在高滲透層外沿半徑,m;R1為調(diào)剖劑在高滲透層內(nèi)沿半徑,m;α為高滲透層厚度占注水地層厚度的份數(shù),取10%~15%;γ為調(diào)剖劑注入的方向系數(shù),取0.7~0.8。

3.5 調(diào)剖效果的評價

調(diào)剖后,注水井的注入壓力提高,井口壓降曲線下降變緩(圖4),使注水井的值提高。因此,可用調(diào)剖前后的注水井井口壓降曲線的變化和值的提高評價調(diào)剖效果[21-22]。

圖4 調(diào)剖前后注水井井口壓降曲線的變化Fig.4 Change of pressure drop curve at wellhead of injector before and after profile control

3.6 重復(fù)施工時間的決定

圖5 調(diào)剖后注水井的值隨時間變化曲線Fig.5 Change of injectorvalue with time after profile control

4 應(yīng)用進展

4.1 調(diào)剖充分程度的判斷

調(diào)剖的充分程度可用注水井井口壓降曲線算出的充滿度判斷。圖6是用于說明注水井井口壓降曲線充滿度的概念圖。

圖6 注水井井口壓降曲線充滿度的概念圖Fig.6 Concept of full degree of pressure drop curve at wellhead of injector

充滿度定義為

式中,F(xiàn)D為充滿度;p0為關(guān)井前注水井的注水壓力,MPa。

從式(6)可以看出,充滿度可由PIt值和關(guān)井前注水井的注水壓力p0算出。從圖6可以看到,充滿度等于注水井井口壓降曲線下的面積面積的份數(shù)。若FD=0,即PIt=0,表示地層為優(yōu)勢滲流通道控制,關(guān)井后井口壓力立即降至0;若FD=1,即PI=p0,表示地層無滲透性,關(guān)井后井口壓力一點不變。對一般地層,調(diào)剖井調(diào)剖前FD值均小于0.65,而調(diào)剖后FD值一般為0.65~0.95。因此,注水井井口壓降曲線的充滿度可作為注水井調(diào)剖充分程度的判斷。

表4為蒙古林油田試驗區(qū)注水井調(diào)剖前后井口壓降曲線充滿度的變化。

表4 蒙古林油田試驗區(qū)注水井井口壓降曲線的充滿度Table 4 Full degree of pressure drop curve at wellhead of injectors in pilot of Menggulin Oilfield

從表4可以看到,蒙古林油田試驗區(qū)注水井已達到充分調(diào)剖的要求。

4.2 優(yōu)勢滲流通道的識別

圖7 曙2-6-6塊等值圖及其立面圖Fig.7 Contour diagram ofvalue and its stereogram of Shu2-6-6 block

4.3 堵水油井的選擇

堵水油井的選井有3個決策參數(shù)。

(1)含水上升率指數(shù)。其定義式為

式中,WI為含水率上升指數(shù);w(t)為油井產(chǎn)液中的含水率隨時間的變化曲線;t2-t1為統(tǒng)計含水率的時間間隔。WI值越大的油井越需要堵水。

(2)油井所處位置剩余油飽和度。其值越大,油井越需要堵水。

可用模糊評判的方法,由上面3個決策參數(shù),通過加權(quán),產(chǎn)生一個稱為堵水油井遴選值的決策參數(shù),用于堵水油井的選井[23]。該方法已在濮城油田53塊一類層18口油井整體堵水中應(yīng)用,所選堵水油井與地質(zhì)動態(tài)分析所選油井的符合率超過85%。

4.4 指導(dǎo)調(diào)剖施工

測定施工井井口壓降曲線前,必須注2倍井筒體積的水將工作液推離井筒。測定時,應(yīng)將注入水的注入速度與工作液注入速度保持一致,再由q/h值下的PI90值改正至G值下的PIG90值。施工時,此值也以升高2~4 MPa為宜,可通過調(diào)整調(diào)剖劑配方、調(diào)剖劑的劑型和調(diào)剖劑用量達到此目的。

5 結(jié)論

(3)PI決策技術(shù)可對區(qū)塊調(diào)剖必要性、調(diào)剖井和調(diào)剖劑的選擇、調(diào)剖劑用量的計算、調(diào)剖效果的評價和重復(fù)施工時間做出決策。

(4)PI決策技術(shù)在調(diào)剖充分程度的判斷、優(yōu)勢滲流通道的識別、堵水油井的選井和指導(dǎo)調(diào)剖施工的應(yīng)用中取得了進展。

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(編輯 劉為清)

Pressure index decision-making technique and its application progresses

ZHAO Fu-lin
(College of Petroleum Engineering in China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266555,China)

The pressure index(PI)decision-making technique is a decision-making technique by the parametervalue for determining the major issues of injectors profile control on the block wide.value can be obtained first by the PItvalue calculated based on the pressure drop curve at the wellhead of injector and the definition formula of PItvalue,and then by the PItvalue correction based on the round average of the injection strength of injectors on the block wide.value can be used for determining the necessity of profile control on block wide,determining the wells for profile control,selecting the agents used in profile control,calculating the amount of the profile control agents,evaluating the effects and deciding the repeated construction time.In recent years,the applications of PItvalue and PIGtvalue have made some progresses respectively in distinguishing the full degree of profile control,judging the dominant permeable pathway,selecting the water shutoff wells and guiding profile control construction.

pressure index decision-making technique;profile control;water shutoff

TE 37

A

10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2011.01.016

2010-10-10

趙福麟(1933-),男(漢族),廣東廣州人,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,長期從事油田化學(xué)教學(xué)和科研工作。

1673-5005(2011)01-0082-07

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