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試論邏輯關(guān)系在完形填空解題策略中的運(yùn)用

2011-12-29 00:00:00況穎
考試周刊 2011年44期


  完形填空所選短文都是上下連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密的文章,其文章脈絡(luò)自然有序,這充分體現(xiàn)“突出語(yǔ)篇、強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)用”的高考命題指導(dǎo)思想??梢哉f(shuō),對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解能力是完形填空主要的考查內(nèi)容,這就要求考生不僅要注意句子中的詞語(yǔ)搭配,更要從整體上把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò),并在此基礎(chǔ)上按照文章的行文邏輯進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷。
  具體而言,完形填空中的邏輯關(guān)系可大致分為兩類:一是上下文的語(yǔ)義提示;二是上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)提示。下面結(jié)合近年來(lái)的高考題加以陳述(保留題號(hào))。
  一、根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)義提示解題
  這是指選項(xiàng)常有一些詞語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)篇中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象,詞語(yǔ)的復(fù)現(xiàn)使語(yǔ)篇中的句子相互銜接,從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)意義完整的有機(jī)整體。具體分為三種情況:語(yǔ)義重復(fù)、詞語(yǔ)重復(fù)、平行并列。
  1.語(yǔ)義重復(fù)
 ?。?010年江蘇卷)When I turned fourteen,she bought me a secondhand ?搖47and told me that she believed that I could become a writer.I knew her enthusiasm,I appreciated it had already improved our lives.I accepted her ?搖49and began to write for local newspapers.I was doing the same kind of ?搖50that great day I went to interview Andrew Carnegie and received the task which became my life’s work later.
  47.A.camera B.radioC.bicycleD.typewriter
  49.A.beliefB.requestC.criticism D.description
  50.A.teaching B.writingC.studying D.reading
  47.D。解析:根據(jù)下文“a writer”可推知“繼母給我買了一臺(tái)二手打印機(jī)”。
  49.A。解析:根據(jù)本段中的“...she believed that I could become a writer.”可知答案為belief,與believed形成了呼應(yīng)。
  50.B。解析:上文提到繼母相信我能成為一名作家,我接受了她的信念并開始從事寫作,故此處應(yīng)填writing,與上文內(nèi)容一致。
  2.詞語(yǔ)重復(fù)
 ?。?010年湖南卷)My ?搖36?搖,Beans,and I walk the trail frequently.Normally,Beans sniffs alongside the trail to follow the smell of a deer track or explore some cause known only to him.
  Beans is a white dog,quite handsome and...
  36.A.deer B.dog C.lady D.man
  36.B。解析:根據(jù)第二段第一句“Beans is a white dog”可判斷選B。
  3.平行并列
 ?。?010年陜西卷)As selfish as it sounds,I excepted something more to come from that moment——a feeling of ?搖37?搖or satisfaction,for example.
  37.A.happiniss B.sadness C.love D.hate
  37.A。解析:作者期盼的是美好感受,這里的or表明了要填的詞和satisfaction是并列的,故只有happiniss符合語(yǔ)境。
  二、根據(jù)上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)解題
  這是指在做完形填空時(shí),要注意識(shí)別語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志,如:表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的:but,while,on the other hand,although等;表示因果關(guān)系的:thus,so,therefore等;表示時(shí)空關(guān)系的:after,later,before,firstly,secondly,so far等;表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的:what’s more,besides,in addition,further等;表示條件關(guān)系的:even though,suppose,as long as等。這些邏輯關(guān)系語(yǔ)對(duì)準(zhǔn)確理解語(yǔ)篇意義能夠起到很強(qiáng)的提示作用。完形填空中的很多題目都圍繞它們而設(shè)??忌诮忸}時(shí)要充分利用這些邏輯關(guān)系語(yǔ),找到與文中某些詞、短語(yǔ)有密切關(guān)系的選項(xiàng)。如:
  1.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
 ?。?009年重慶卷)Besides,his sore throat kept upsetting him,and he developed a cough to force me and my family out,but ?搖46?搖.
  46.A.escapeded B.succeeded C.regretted D.failed
  46.D。解析:句意是:他頭痛的喉嚨使他難受,并且他開始cough來(lái)試圖把我和我的家人趕走,但是沒(méi)能成功。前面說(shuō)到“他想趕我和家人出去”,這里的but表示一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,由此可以判斷出這里是說(shuō)“他沒(méi)有成功”,所以D項(xiàng)符合題意。
  2.時(shí)空關(guān)系
  (2010年安徽卷)First of all,a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be easy to use...Then,the writing point of the pen should allow the ink to flow evenly(均勻地)while the pen remains in touch with the paper...?搖52?搖,the pen should make a thick,dark line.
  52.A.Meanwhile B.Generally C.Afterwords?搖?搖?搖?搖D.Finally
  52.D。解析:該句上兩段的首句連接詞為“First of all”,“Then”,所以這里應(yīng)該用Finally。
  3.條件關(guān)系
 ?。?010年課標(biāo)全國(guó))He replied that she no longer knew who he was,that she had not been able to recognize him for five years now.I was surprised and asked him,“And you ?搖49go every morning,even though she doesn’t know who you are?”
  49.A.only B.then C.thus D.still
  49.D。解析:由下文的“even though”可知,他仍然每天都去,用still表示“依然,還是”。
  4.因果關(guān)系
  These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows sick and pale and has changed so much that it is almost ?搖24to the parents.
  24.A.uncomfortableB.unbelievable
  C.unacceptableD.unrecognizable
  24.D。解析:根據(jù)前面有系動(dòng)詞is ,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是形容詞可充當(dāng)is的表語(yǔ),所以從語(yǔ)法上都說(shuō)得過(guò)去。但根據(jù)前面說(shuō)到“has changed so much”(變化那么大),故這里要表達(dá)的意思是:認(rèn)不出,因此只有選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
  注:“本文中所涉及到的圖表、公式、注解等請(qǐng)以PDF格式閱讀”

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