国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

as well as用法小結(jié)

2011-12-31 00:00:00顧紅兵
考試周刊 2011年48期


  在英語中as well as的用途廣泛,使用頻率非常高,是各類英語考試的重點和難度。為了便于英語學(xué)習(xí)者能夠更好地理解和掌握該詞,現(xiàn)將其主要用法小結(jié)歸納如下。
  一、基本用法
  在英語中,as well as通常作為復(fù)合并列連詞,用來連接兩個并列的成分,如名詞、形容詞、動詞、介詞,通常不位于句首。相當(dāng)于not only...but also...,表示“不但……而且……”,“既……又……”。因此,它們通??梢曰Q,但是值得注意的是,as well as在具體的語句中強調(diào)的是前一項,后一項只是順便提及。因此在連接并列主語時,謂語動詞與前一項一致;翻譯時要先譯后面,再譯前面。而用not only...but also...連接時,謂語動詞與后一項一致。例如:
  1)Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.=Not only you but also your wife is friendly to me.不僅你而且你的妻子也對我很友好。
  2)He is a statesman as well as a scholar.=He is not only a scholar but also a statesman.他不僅是一位學(xué)者,而且是一位政治家。
  3)He has experience as well as skill.=He has not only skill but also experience.他不僅有技術(shù),而且有經(jīng)驗。
  另外,在連接主語時,其謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與放在as well as之前的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如:Mary as well as I has been to the Great Wall.我和瑪麗去過長城。
  但是,有時即使as well as前面一個成分為單數(shù),其后的謂語也可能用復(fù)數(shù),尤其是當(dāng)as well as后面一個成分比較長且該結(jié)構(gòu)沒有用逗號隔開時。例如:His appearance as well as his strange way of talking make me suspicious.他的外表以及他那奇怪的談吐引起我的懷疑。
  而在as well as連接的兩個并列的語法單位也要對稱。例如:
  1)She as well as I is very fond of physics.不僅我,她也非常喜歡物理。(連接兩個作主語的代詞)
  2)We went to the museum as well as the zoo.我們?nèi)チ藙游飯@,還去了博物館。(連接兩個作賓語的名詞)
  3)The child is lively as well as healthy.這孩子既健康又活潑。(連接兩個作表語的形容詞)
  4)We shall travel by night as well as by day.我們將日夜兼程。(連接兩個作狀語的介詞短語)
  二、以比較結(jié)構(gòu)的形式出現(xiàn)
  as well as有時并不作為一個整體的并列連詞,而是一個以“as...as”形式出現(xiàn)的比較結(jié)構(gòu),意思是“和……一樣好”。在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中,第一個as是副詞,修飾well,第二個as是連詞,與第一個as相呼應(yīng),引導(dǎo)一個比較狀語從句,表示同級比較。例如:
  1)He speaks Spanish as well as English.他說西班牙語像說英語一樣好。(注意:這句話的語意的重點依舊在前部,不在后半部。)
  2)She doesn’t speak as well as her friend,but her writing is excellent.她沒有她朋友說得好,但她的筆頭很好。
  3)John plays football as well as,if not better than,David.約翰足球即使踢得不比大衛(wèi)更好,也和他一樣好。
  4)He can operate the machine as well as I do.他操作這臺機器和我一樣熟練。
  三、需要注意的問題
  1.as well as連接兩個動詞時,在時態(tài)上要注意以下幾種情況。
 ?。?)如果as well as前面的動詞是can,may,must等情態(tài)動詞時,那么其后面的動詞即可省去助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,即用動詞原形,此時,as well as意為“既……又……”。例如:
  1)She can/could sing as well as dance.她既會跳舞也會唱歌。
  2)You ought to play games,as well as study books.你應(yīng)該讀書,也應(yīng)該參加運動。
  3)She can draw as well as write.她既會寫又會畫。
 ?。?)當(dāng)謂語是完成體結(jié)構(gòu)或含有完成體結(jié)構(gòu),或者是被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時,as well as之后的動詞應(yīng)該用過去分詞。例如:
  1)He has given me some advice as well as answered my question.他不僅回答了我的問題,而且還給了我一些建議。
  2)Bodies can be compressed as well as stretched.物體能被拉伸,也能被壓縮。
 ?。?)當(dāng)謂語是進行體結(jié)構(gòu)或含有進行體結(jié)構(gòu)時,as well as之后的動詞也應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。例如:
  1)She is doing her washing as well as listening to the radio.她在收聽收音機,同時又在洗衣服。
  2)We are repairing the roof as well as painting the walls.我們在粉刷墻壁,同時也在修理屋頂。
  3)They must be looking at the letter as well as talking about it.他們肯定在閱讀信件,并談?wù)撈鋬?nèi)容。
 ?。?)如果謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時,as well as之后的動詞形式可與前面保持一致,也可用動名詞形式。例如:
  1)He publishes as well as prints(或者printing)his own books.他的書是自己印刷并出版的。
  2)Heavy smoking runs away with your money,as well as being bad for your health.抽煙抽得多,既浪費金錢,又對健康不利。
 ?。?)如果第一個動詞是不定式,as well as后面的動詞也要用不定式,但通常要去掉to。例如:
  1)You can’t expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children.你不可能叫她既照管孩子又做家務(wù)。
  2)He seemed to understand human nature as well as do science.他不但懂科學(xué),而且看來也通人情。
  3)A museum should aim to entertain as well as educate.博物館不僅要具有教育性而且還要具有娛樂性。
  
  (6)當(dāng)as well as引導(dǎo)的動詞短語位于句首時,其后一般只能接動名詞形式。這里的as well as用作介詞,相當(dāng)于besides,意為“除……之外”例如:
  1)As well as eating five dishes,they drank three bottles of wine.除了五道菜外,他們還喝了三瓶酒。
  2)As well as visiting the old man,he helped to clean the room.除看望老人外,他還幫助打掃房間。
  3)As well as walking,he likes fishing and shooting.他除散步之外還喜歡釣魚和打獵。
  4)As well as getting on everybody’s nerves,he’s got a habit of borrowing money and forgetting to pay it back.他使得人人都感到心煩,此外,他還有個習(xí)慣,就是借了錢就忘了還。
  5)As well as breaking his leg,he hurt his arm.他不但摔斷了腿,而且傷了胳膊。
  2.在否定句中,要特別注意位置不同,意思大不同。
  as well as用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)和否定結(jié)構(gòu)中,其意義不同。as well as和not搭配使用,as well as位于not前時,兩者均否定;位于not后時,否定前者,肯定后者。例如:
  1)George,as well as his brother,has gone abroad.喬治和他兄弟一樣都出國了。
  2)George hasn’t gone abroad as well as his brother.喬治并沒有和他兄弟一樣出國去。(他兄弟一人出國)
  3)George,as well as his brother,hasn’t gone abroad.喬治和他兄弟都沒有出國。
  3.要注意與as well的差別。
  這一對短語僅差一字之微,意義相近,故很易引起混淆。as well as和as well都有“也;還”之意,但是as well as是連詞,連接兩個并列成分;as well是副詞,意為“又;另外也”,相當(dāng)于too,它一般放在句末,其后不跟什么成分,有時和連詞and或but搭配使用。例如:
  1)Give me those as well.把那些也給我吧。
  2)He is a worker,and a poet as well.他是工人,但也是詩人。
  3)He sent me a letter and some money as well.他寄給我一封信,外加一些錢。
  4)China possesses enormous quantities of coal and is rich in other minerals as well.中國擁有大量煤炭,其他的礦藏也很豐富。
  5)Mr.Liu can speak English,but he can speak Cantonese as well.劉先生會說英語,但他也能講廣東話。
  4.注意as well as需和and連用的情況。
  當(dāng)as well as連接3個或者3個以上的并列成分的時候,我們需要用“A and B as well as C”的形式,不可以說“A,B as well as C”。例如:
  A survey has shown that the states Californians most readily identify by their shapes are Californian itself,Alaska,Texas,F(xiàn)lorida,and Michigan.或者A survey has shown that the states Californians most readily identify by their shapes are Californian itselfpLsf8X+G32WAkmcW8PF/dOve35VAiKffA9dYi26i95o=,Alaska,Texas,and Florida as well as Michigan.(請注意標(biāo)點符號)研究表明,在州的地理形成上加州人最先識別出的是加州本身、阿拉斯加、得克薩斯、佛羅里達和密歇根州。
  5.注意as well as有時會引起歧義句。
 ?。?)使用“as well as”的時候,還應(yīng)注意表達的意思要清楚,不能含糊不清,否則會引發(fā)歧義。例如:He can speak French as well as English.
  此句可以理解成“他會說英語,也會說法語”,也可理解成“他說法語能說得像英語一樣好”。如果是第二種意思,最好譯為:He speaks French as well as he speaks English.又如:
  1)She cooks as well as her mother.不但她媽媽的烹飪技術(shù)好,她的(烹飪技術(shù))也不錯。
  2)She cooks as well as her mother does.她的烹飪技術(shù)和她媽媽一樣好。
 ?。?)注意as well as后面所接的人稱代詞而引起的歧義。
  值得我們要注意的是,as well as連接的人稱代詞既可以是主格也可以是賓格,但句意不同。例如:
  1)They have invited you as well as me.他們邀請了我,也邀請了你。(you和me都作invited的賓語)
  2)They have invited you as well as I.他們和我一樣都邀請了你。(they和I都作invited的主語)
  再如:
  1)She called on you as well as I.不但我來看你,她也拜訪了你。
  2)She called on you as well as me.她不但拜訪了我,也拜訪了你。
  以上例子中as well as后面所接的人稱代詞的賓格和主格不是通一個詞,所以很容易區(qū)分和理解其在句子中的意思。但是當(dāng)人稱代詞的賓格和主格是同一個單詞的時候,就很容易引起歧義或誤解。例如:I respect her as well as you.我們知道,you在句子中既可以用作主語,又可以作賓語;既可以用作復(fù)數(shù),又可以作單數(shù)理解。如果就單憑這樣的一句話,而沒有上下文或其他更多的信息作補充說明的話,就會很容易產(chǎn)生歧義,從而造成理解上的困難。因此,我們只有結(jié)合上下文及具體的語境才能正確判斷和理解這里的“you” 所指的具體含義和內(nèi)容。
  5.注意A as well as B的結(jié)構(gòu)中,不是在任何情況下都強調(diào)A。
  as well as用作并列連詞,普遍流行的一種見解認(rèn)為:as well as用作并列連詞時,雖然連接的是兩個并列部分,但其重點在前者,不在后者。所以翻譯時,通常應(yīng)先譯as well as之后的詞,然后再譯它之前的詞。例如:I as well as they am ready to help you.不僅他們愿意幫助你,我也愿意幫助你。
  但是,很多情況并非如此。例如我們上面提到的一個例子:Heavy smoking runs away with your money,as well as being bad for your health.抽煙抽得多,既浪費金錢,又對健康不利。
  按照邏輯推理,人的健康肯定比金錢重要,所以很顯然這句話,作者強調(diào)的是as well as后面的“健康”,而不是前面的“金錢”。由此可見,當(dāng)as well as用作并列連詞時,究竟是強調(diào)前者還是強調(diào)后者,必須根據(jù)上下文來判斷。
  然而,是否能由此得出“不是強調(diào)前者,就是強調(diào)后者,二者必居其一”的結(jié)論呢?也不能。有時候,也可能并不明顯地強調(diào)哪一個。翻譯時只要用“以及”、“和”這樣的連詞將前后順連就可以了。例如:
  1)Air,as well as water,is needed to make plants grow.空氣和水都是植物生長所必需的。
  2)In China women enjoy equal rights with men in political life as well as in family life.中國的婦女在政治和家庭生活中享有和男人同等的權(quán)利。
  
  參考文獻:
 ?。?]顧紅兵.as的用法小結(jié)[J].考試周刊,2011,(28):118-119.
 ?。?]郭俊芳.as well as的用法小結(jié)[J].中小學(xué)英語教學(xué)與研究,2007,(2):69-70.
  [3]劉宏.as well as的用法[J].中小學(xué)英語教學(xué)與研究,200,(9):66-69.
 ?。?]李也白.正確使用as well as[J].中小學(xué)英語教學(xué)與研究,2004,(4):58-59.
 ?。?]徐廣聯(lián).大學(xué)英語語法講座與測試[M].上海:華東理工大學(xué)出版社,2000.
  [6]章振邦.新編英語語法教程[M].上海:上海外語教育出版社,2003.

泽库县| 永清县| 如皋市| 甘南县| 普洱| 楚雄市| 颍上县| 碌曲县| 嘉禾县| 太保市| 太仓市| 台山市| 岑巩县| 界首市| 望江县| 云梦县| 徐汇区| 兰考县| 长沙县| 星子县| 阜城县| 太保市| 天柱县| 庆云县| 承德市| 沈丘县| 固安县| 孟津县| 尉犁县| 开平市| 张北县| 龙南县| 彭山县| 古交市| 桦南县| 郑州市| 都匀市| 嘉峪关市| 旬邑县| 皋兰县| 东安县|